The document provides a review of punctuation and capitalization rules. It defines common punctuation marks like periods, commas, quotation marks, and explains their proper uses. It also covers capitalization rules for proper nouns, titles, sentences, and other cases. The response rewrites 10 sentences applying the discussed punctuation and capitalization guidelines.

1. PRETEST
Punctuation
and Capitalization

2. Rewrite the following sentences:
1. did i tell you to go out
2. get some sleep dad said
3. what subject has
professor villa been
teaching
4. i live in north carolina
5. its already 12.

3. 6. dont forget to buy milk
bread and butter
7. dante aligheri wrote the
divine comedy
8. speaking good english he
impressed the audience
9. bring the following paper
pen and eraser.
Rewrite the following sentences:

4. 10.stop the old woman
yelled
Rewrite the following sentences:

5. Punctuation
and
Capitalization

6. IMPORTANCE:
Helps clear the ground for you.
Without punctuation marks, a
written work is like a jumbled
mass of words without any
divisions to mark pauses and
breaks in thought.
 Who is calling Joe?
Who is calling, Joe?

7. Period (.)
1. At the end of declarative
and imperative sentences.
Example:
Declarative:
The book is on the desk.
Imperative:
Go to the grocery store.

8. Period (.)
2. In abbreviation
Example:
Ed Wilson, Ph.D. will be
lecturing about insects.
Ms. Audrey Aimes is an
award-winning
photographer.

9. Period (.)
3. Inside quotation marks:
Example:
The determined scientist
thought to himself, “I must
find a solution.”

10. Question Mark (?)
1. Ends a direct quotation:
Example:
Where did you come from?
NOTE: Indirect questions don’t require
(?) but (.) after them.
He asked me where I had
come from.

11. Question Mark (?)
1. Ends a direct quotation:
Example:
Did you take a bath?
The teacher asked if I took
a bath.

12. Exclamation Mark (!)
1. Used after a sentence that
expresses a strong feeling.
Example:
Don’t just stand there! Do
something!
You’re just a mess!

13. Quotation Marks (“)
1. Around the exact words of a
speaker:
Example:
The teacher said, “We will
have an exam next
Tuesday.”

14. Quotation Marks (“)
2. Around titles of songs, short
articles or essays, stories,
poems:
Example:
We read the poem “The
Road not Taken” by Robert
Frost.

15. Quotation Marks (“)
2. Around titles of songs, short
articles or essays, stories,
poems:
Example:
I watch the movie “Troy.”

16. Comma (,)
1. Between individual items in
a series or list:
Example:
Remember to buy milk,
butter, eggs, bread, and
juice.

17. Comma (,)
2. Before and After names in a
direct address:
Example:
Joe, will you please pass
the butter?
Please pass the butter, Joe.

18. Comma (,)
3. After introductory
expressions/ phrases.
Example:
Unfortunately, I only had 2.5
GPA last semester.
Sleeping soundly, Linda did
not wake up when the
earthquake hit.

19. Comma (,)
4. Around appositive/ throw-in
interrupting expression.
Example:
Barry Bonds, the best home
run hitter in baseball, is left-
handed.
Abraham Lincoln, in my
opinion, is a good leader.

20. Comma (,)
5. With quotations:
Example:
Sigmund Freud asked,
“What do women want?”
Jack said, “Who is your best
friend?”

21. Comma (,)
6. Between elements in locations,
dates, or addresses:
Example:
My father was born on
January 1, 1958.
NOTE: Do not use commas if the date is inverted—21
March 2014—or if it does not include the day.

22. Apostrophe (‘)
1. In possessives, between the end
of the word and s when the word
does not end in s; but after the s
in words ending in s.
Example:
That is Andy’s jar.
That is the Taylors’ house.

23. Apostrophe (‘)
2. In contractions, to signify
where letters have been
omitted:
Example:
The bad guys in movies
sometimes aren’t very smart.
Isn’t it amazing?

24. Apostrophe (‘)
3. Before the s in plurals of
letters, numbers, and words.
Example:
Dr. Yenser gave six A’s, three
B’s, nine C’s, and two D’s in
his literature class.

25. Colon (:)
2. When introducing a quotation
after a complete sentence:
Example:
Remember the words of
Confucius: “Do not do unto
others what you don’t want
others do unto you.”

26. Colon (:)
3. In a salutation of a formal
letter:
Example:
To Whom It May Concern:
NOTE: Salutations in less formal
letters tend to have commas

27. Colon (:)
3. Between hours and minutes
and between minutes and
seconds of time or ratio:
Example:
7:00 1:2 6:08:12

28. Colon (:)
4. Between main clauses when
the first signals that the second
will provide an answer or
definition:
Example:
Faith is like love: It cannot be
forced.

29. Semi-Colon (;)
1. In place of a comma and a
conjunction to join independent
clauses:
Example:
He is handsome; he has a
pleasing attitude.
Instead of: He is handsome because
he has a pleasing attitude.

30. Semi-Colon (;)
2. Before a conjunctive adverb
(like however or therefore):
Example:
I want to shift to BSIT;
therefore, I need to get good
grades.

31. Semi-Colon (;)
3. Between items in a list when
the list items have commas:
Example:
Three movies I have seen recently are Jaws,
about a killer shark off the coast of New
England; K-19, about a Russian
submarine; and Pod People, about a little
boy who makes friends with an alien.

32. 1. Enclose editorial comments or
clarifications inserted into quoted
material.
His embarrassment had peaked [sic] her
curiosity.
2. Enclose insertions that supply missing
letters or that alter the form of the
original word.
He dryly observed that they bought the
stock because “ they want[ed] to see
themselves getting richer.”
Brackets []

33. 3. Functions as parentheses
within parentheses.
Posner’s recent essays (like
his earlier Law and Literature
[1988]) bear this out.

34. 1. Indicates the omission of one or
more words within a quoted sentence
 …
2. Indicates one or more lines omitted
from a poem
 …………………………………………
3. Indicates faltering speech or
unfinished sentence in dialogue.
“I mean …” he stammered, “ like …
How?”
Ellipses …

35. 1. Enclose phrases and clauses that
provide examples, explanations, or
supplementary facts.
Four computers (all outdated
models) were replaced.
2. Enclose numerals that confirm a
spelled-out number in a business
or legal context.
Delivery will be made in thirty (30)
days.
Parentheses

36. 3. Enclose numbers or letters
indicating individual items in
a series within a sentence.
Sentences can be classified as
(1) simple, (2) multiple, and
(3) complex.

37. Capitalization

38. 1. For proper nouns
Jonathan lives in Los Angeles.
2. For generic names with proper
noun.
We will go to Gaisano Mall.

39. 3. For the first word in the
sentence.
Did you leave the oven on when
you left the house?
4. For the pronoun I:
Even if I wanted to, I still could
not.

40. 5. For the title of the relative when
the relative is named:
That blonde woman is Aunt
Delia.
6. For titles that precede a proper
name (but not when name is not
given)
My doctor is Doctor Moore.
He is my doctor. (not Doctor)

41. 7. For words in titles (except
conjunctions, preposition and
articles)Chronicles of Narnia is one of
my favorite movies.
The Road not Taken
8. For races and ethnic groups,
historical, religious or political
groups.
Laurie married a Nigerian last
year.

42. 9. For specific course title.
I took Renaissance Literature
last semester.

43. ANSWER
Punctuation
and Capitalization

44. Rewrite the following sentences:
1. did i tell you to go out
Did I tell you to go out?
2. get some sleep dad
said
“Get some sleep,” Dad
said.

45. Rewrite the following sentences:
3. what subject has professor
villa been teaching
What subject has Professor
Villa been teaching?
4. i live in north carolina
I live in North Carolina.

46. Rewrite the following sentences:
5. its already 12 51 but im
still up
It’s already 12:51.

47. 6. dont forget to buy milk
bread and butter
Don’t forget to buy milk,
bread, and butter.
7. dante aligheri wrote the
divine comedy
Dante Aligheri wrote the
Divine Comedy.
Rewrite the following sentences:

48. 8. speaking good english he
impressed the audience
Speaking good English, he
impressed the audience.
9. bring the following paper
pen and eraser.
Bring the following: paper,
pen, and eraser.
Rewrite the following sentences:

49. 10.stop the old woman
yelled
“Stop!” the old woman
yelled.
Rewrite the following sentences: