DRIP IRRIGATION

1. WELCOME
Submitted to, Submitted by,
Dr. S . T. Bairappanavar, Trupti . K . R
Associate professor ALH5084
 Dr. R . Jayarammaiah
Assistant professor ,
 Dr . Pramod . R ,
Assistant professor
 Dr . Naveen . S ,
Assistant professor
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Introduction
 What is pressmud compost?
 Methodology of compost preparation
 Nutrient composition of pressmud
 Microbial biomass of pressmud
 Effect of pressmud on soil properties
 Pressmud as carbon sequester

3. INTRODUCTION
 India is the 2nd largest producer of sugar in the world with a share of
17% in world production( 32.25 mtonne)
 At present in the country annual byproduct production about 8
million tons in the form of pressmud is recorded.
 Pressmud, byproduct of sugarcane industry has a great potential
when mixed into soils agricultural soils as organic fertilizer with many
benefits that can improve soil health , and sustainable agronomic
productivity.

4. What is pressmud compost?
 The organic byproduct from sugar mills is called PRESSMUD COMPOST which is
utilized to provide nutrient rich , high quality organic matter when it is applied to
the soil as manure results in better sustainable yield.
Pressmud is soft , spongy , amorphous and dark brown white material containing
nitrogen , cellulose , lignin , protein , sugar fiber and coagulated colloids including
cane wax , albuminoids , inorganic salts and soil particles and all other carbon
containing available in the final product which is suitable for bio fuel and fertilizer
production.

5. FLOW DIAGRAM OF PRESSMUD COMPOSTING

6. PRODUCTION PROCESS
SL NO RAW MATERIAL FRACTION PERCENTAGE
1. SUGAR PRESS MUD 0.878 87.8
2. ROCK PHOSPHATE 0.095 9.5
3. MOLASSES 0.005 0.5
4. SSP 0.02 2
5. SULPHUR MUD 0.002 0.2

7. 1.DIGESTION UNIT:
 First, the SPM ,local rock phosphate , SSP & Sulphur mud were mixed
thoroughly & piled of approximately 100-110 ft. in length above ground
level , 3-4 ft. in width& 2-2.5 ft. high in semicircle shape . Turning is given
once in 3 days
Time period- 14-21 days
Moisture content-50-60%
2. GRANULATION UNIT:
 Here molasses(0.5% of total raw material) & are sprayed before entering
the dryer for the formation of granules. A horizontal Rotary dryer is used
to form granules at a temperature of 240-250 0c

8. Contd.
3. SCREENING UNIT :
After granulation process it is sent to screening unit. Average size of the
biofertilizer should be of 5mm dia for the ease of application & good
quality granule. Oversize & undersize granules are recycled again to dryer
unit.
4.PACKAGING & DISTRIBUTION UNIT:
Product of required size is sent to packaging unit in the bags through
auto filling & then finally sent to distribution unit.
Final product compost contained: 25% of organic matter & 0.5%
molasses.

9. Nutrient composition of pressmud
SL.NO NUTRIENTS AVG AMOUNT/100gm of PRESSMUD
1. ORGANIC COMPOUND 50
2. CALCIUM 11
3. PHOSPHOROUS 2-3
4. POTASSIUM 1-2
5. NITROGEN 1.5-2.5
6. MAGNESIUM 1
7. SULPHUR 0.3
8. CELLULOSE 11.4
9. HEMICELLULOSE 10
10. LIGNIN 9.3
11. PROTEIN 15.5
12. WAX 8.4

10. MICROBIAL COMPOSITION
Pressmud is rich in beneficial microbes which aid in mineralization of
plant nutrients in the soil which rectifies the micronutrient deficiency
of the soil & amenable to the plant roots.
SL.NO MICROBES VALUES (cfu/ g)
1. TOTAL BACTERIAL COUNT 3.6 * 108
2. TOTAL FUNGAL COUNT 8.1 * 105
3. TOTAL ACTINOMYCETES COUNT 2.5* 105
4. TOTAL AZOTOBACTER SP.COUNT 1.2* 104
5. TOTAL PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZERS 2.1* 104

11. EFFECT ON SOIL PROPERTIES
• 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
 Regular addition maintains tilth, fertility &productivity of agricultural soils.
 Maintains aggregate stability.
 Favorable effects on fundamental soil properties such as texture, structure,
water holding capacity infiltration etc.,
 When added to field it increased the cane yield , improved the juice quality &
enhanced ammonifying power of soils.
• 2. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
 Applied to alkaline soils(pH – 8.5) to reduce the pH as pressmud is acidic in
nature.
 It is likely to improve the micronutrient distribution and enhance beneficial
microbial activities within the soil system.
 SOM encourages granulation, increases CEC & adsorbing power of soils uo to
90%with producing cations such as Ca, Mg & K.

12. PRESSMUD AS CARBON SEQUESTER:
• 3.BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES:
It enhances building up of soil carbon and nitrogen content in soil.
 Increased bacterial , fungal & actinomycetes population in soil & enhances their
activity of decomposition.
 Important agent that affects C , N , P & S CYCLES & other nutrients in terrestrial
ecosystem.
After application of pressmud agricultural practices can help to increase the
rate of soil carbon sequestration is 89.41%in soil carbon levels.
 Application of pressmud as an organic manure shows 150% increase in
organic carbon after 1st application , as level of initial organic carbon in soil is
very low , i.e., 0.66% & it has more potential to store more carbon.

14. • REFERENCES:
• Use of pressmud compost for improving crop productivity & soil
health-International journal of chemical sciences
• Internet sources