This document discusses different methods for presenting data graphically. It begins by listing the objectives of the lesson and identifying textual, tabular, and graphical methods. Examples of various graphs like bar charts, histograms, frequency polygons, pie charts, and ogives are then shown and explained using sample data on examination scores. The document concludes by assigning activities for students to practice constructing these different graphs from sample data sets.

1. Presentation of Data
(Graphical Method)
Module 6b
Basic Statistics
SRSTHS
Ms. Pegollo

2. Presentation of Data
Objectives: At the end of the
lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Identify specific data appropriate to
use for graphs
2. Create graphs
3. Read and interpret graphs
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

3. Presentation of Data
Textual Tabular Graphical
Method Method Method
• Rearrangem • Frequency • Bar Chart
ent from distribution • Histogram
lowest to table (FDT) • Frequency
highest • Relative Polygon
• Stem-and- FDT • Pie Chart
leaf plot • Cumulative • Less
FDT than, greater
• Contingency than Ogive
Table
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

4. Graphical Method
Graphs add beauty and color to
one’s presentation, moreover, it helps
facilitate comparison and interpretation
without going through the numerical
data.
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

5. In the succeeding graphs, we shall be
using the data in the following table
Table 6.1
Grouped Frequency Distribution for the Entrance Examination of 60 Students
Greater
Less than
Class Class Class Relative than
Frequency Cumulative
Interval Mark Boundary Frequency Cumulative
(f) Frequency
(C I) (x) (cb) (rf) Frequency
(< cf)
(> cf)
18 - 23 20.5 18 - 24 6 10.00 6 60
24 - 29 26.5 24 - 30 11 18.33 17 54
30 - 35 32.5 30 - 36 17 28.33 34 43
36 - 41 38.5 36 - 42 14 23.33 48 26
42 - 47 44.5 42 - 48 8 13.33 56 12
48 - 53 50.5 48 - 54 3 5.00 59 4
54 - 59 56.5 54 - 60 1 1.67 60 1
N= 60 100.00
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

6. Bar Chart
Figure 1 The Bar Chart of the Grouped Frequency Distribution for the
Entrance Examination Scores of 60 Students
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
18-23 24-29 30-35 36-41 42-47 48-53 54-59
A bar chart is a graph presented by either vertical or
horizontal rectangles whose bases represent the class intervals
and whose heights represent the frequencies
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

7. Bar Chart
The Bar Chart of the Grouped Frequency Distribution for the Entrance
Examination Scores of 60 Students
54-59 1
48-53 3
42-47 8
36-41 14
30-35 17
24-29 11
18-23 6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

8. Histogram
18
16
14
12
Frequency
10
8
6
4
2
0
20.5 26.5 32.5 38.5 44.5 50.5 56.5
Class Mark
Figure 2 The Histogram of the Grouped Frequency Distribution for the
Entrance Examination Scores of 60 Students
A histogram is a graph represented by vertical and horizontal rectangles
whose bases are the class marks and whose heights are the frequencies.
Note: There are no gaps between bars.
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

9. Frequency Polygon
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
14.5 20.5 26.5 32.5 38.5 44.5 50.5 56.5 62.5
Figure 4 The Frequency Polygon of the Grouped Frequency
Distribution for the Examination Scores of 60 Students
A frequency polygon is a line graph whose bases
are the class marks and whose heights are the
frequencies
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

10. Pie Chart 54-59
2%
48-53 18-23
5% 10%
42-47
14%
24-29
18%
36-41
23%
30-35
28%
Figure 5 The Pie Chart of the Grouped Frequency Distribution
for the Entrance Examination Scores of 60 students
A pie chart is a circle graph showing the proportion
of each class through either the relative or
percentage frequency
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

11. Ogive
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
17.5 23.5 29.5 35.5 41.5 47.5 53.5
Figure 6 The Less than and Greater than ogives for the Entrance
Examination Scores of 60 students
An ogive is a line graph where the bases are the
class boundaries and the heights are the <cf for the
less than ogive and >cf for the greater than ogive.
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

12. Quiz
Which parts of the FDT are used in
constructing the following:
1. Bar Chart
2. Histogram
3. Frequency Polygon
4. Pie Chart
5. Ogive
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

13. Activity 1 (Think-Pair-Share )
Insurance companies conduct
continuous research on ages at death
and causes of death. The following
table shows the ages at death and the
corresponding frequencies. Construct
the following graphs: Age at Freq.
Death
1. Bar chart
16 - 25 22
2. Histogram 26 - 35 10
36 – 6
3. Frequency Polygon 45
4. Pie Chart 46 – 2
55
5. Ogives 56 – 4
65
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS

14. Due on Feb. 3
Activity 2 (Pair Project) Use short bond papers
Mention sampling technique
and data gathering method
used.
Gather data(interval or ratio level only)
from 50 members in your batch. Using
Microsoft Excel, construct a/an
1. Complete FDT
2. Bar chart
3. Histogram
4. Frequency Polygon
5. Pie Chart
6. Ogive
MCPegollo/Basic Statistics/SRSTHS