The study aims to identify ergonomic risk factors that may cause hazards or injuries among cleaning workers at a hospital. It focuses on tasks like wiping tables, refilling dispensers, collecting trash, and cleaning floors and toilets. Workers were surveyed about discomfort in body parts and the frequency and severity of issues. Results showed the highest risks were from awkward shoulder postures and lower back bending. Recommendations include conducting advanced ergonomic assessments, providing adjustable tools and breaks, training on proper postures, and regular health monitoring to control risks.

1. Objectives
• The study aims to:
• Determine Ergonomic Risk Factors (ERFs) that may cause hazard or
injuries among the cleaning workers.
• Determine the probability of harm as a result of an ergonomic risk
factor exposure among cleaning workers at Hospital
• Recommend appropriate control measures towards risk among
cleaning workers at Hospital Lahad Datu.

2. Job Scope
• Cleaning service
• Targeted workstation – Specialist Clinics Department
• Targeted work activities:-
• Wipe tables and lockers
• Check and refill dispensers and tissue towels
• Collect all dustbin
• Sweeping and mopping floors
• Cleaning the toilet

3. Materials
• Assessment Form & Questionnaire
• Additional Information Form (Sociodemographic)
• Cornell Musculoskeletal Questionnaire
• Initial Ergonomic Risk Assessment
• Smartphone
• Stationeries

4. Methodology
Identify the
ergonomic risk
factors
Determine the
worker in high risk
Evaluate the risk
➢ Walkthrough the workstation
and interview.
➢ Visually access the types of
movement and posture.
➢ Access following the Initial
Ergonomic Risk Assessment
Checklist.
➢ Interview the worker based
on questionnaire.
➢ Additional Information Form
& Cornell Musculoskeletal
Questionnaire.
➢ To identify discomfort area of
their body.
➢ Score outcome will be
calculated – severity
➢ Discomfort score multiple by
the frequency score and
interference score.
➢ Select 3 cleaning workers as a respondent for a survey.

5. Results and Discussion 1/3
Respondents Body Parts Frequency (a) Discomfort (b) Interference (c) Severity (a) x (b) x (c)
1st Shoulder (Right) 1.5 1 1 1.5
Shoulder (Left) 1.5 1 1 1.5
2nd Shoulder (Right) 3.5 2 2 14
3rd Lower back 1.5 2 2 6
➢Always reach a high place that need to be cleaned.
➢Frequently bend forward. – wipe and mop.

6. Results and Discussion 2/3
• Focuses on 5 risk factor but only 2 risk factor that present.
• Awkward Posture
• Working with hand above the head OR the elbow above the shoulder.
• Working with head bent forward more than 30 degrees OR bent
sideways and with body twisted.
• Work in a squat position.
• Repetitive Motion
• Work involving repetitive sequence of movement more than twice per
minute
• Work involving repetitive shoulder/arm movement with some pauses OR
continuous shoulder/arm movement.

7. Results and Discussion 3/3

8. Recommendation 1/2
• Carry out an Advanced Ergonomic Risk Assessment (ERA).
• Posture assessment – (RULA) Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
• Repetitive assessment – (ART) Assessment of Repetitive Tasks

9. Recommendation 2/2
Hierarchy of Control Recommendation
Elimination None
Substitution None
Isolation None
Engineering Control 1. Provide adjustable tool (dustmop handle & mop handle)
Administrative Control 1. Give frequent breaks but in a short periods.
2. Provide a training (Posture when perform a work)
3. Conduct a regular health monitoring.
Personal Protective
Equipment
None

10. Conclusion
• Musculoskeletal discomfort is the most significant
health problem among cleaning workers.
• In level medium risk be exposed to awkward postures
and repetitive motion.
• The employer needs to perform the recommendation
for further action to reduce ergonomic risk

11. Thank You