This document provides information about three international organizations: NATO, NAM, and SAARC. It describes NATO as a military alliance founded in 1949 by Western countries to counter the Soviet Union. NAM is described as a movement of non-aligned developing states founded in 1961 and led by Nehru, Nasser, Nkrumah, and Tito to remain neutral in the Cold War. SAARC is presented as a regional cooperation organization founded in 1985 to increase economic development and regional integration in South Asia.
African union transition and its ability to respond to conflicts in africaSARON MESSEMBE OBIA
From the Organization of African Unity (OAU) to African Union (AU) The African Union initiated by Pan Africanists to improve the lives of Africans through sustainable development and to resolve conflicts in the continent. But the competence of the African Union has been put to question. The inability of the AU to resolve the conflict in central African Republic, the continuous terrorist attacks in Nigeria by Boko-Haram, in Kenya and Somalia by Al-Shabba, has led the international community to focus on insecurity in the African continent. Though this change from OAU to AU the AU still faces some challenges. Nonetheless it has registered some success.
presentation on organisation of Islamic conference of how it was build why it was build and all times and places where the meetings where held and members states
Problems of UN Funding & Legal Issues Concerning PeacekeepingNilendra Kumar
Above two issues have been highlighted in this presentation made at the 11th Winter Course on International Law organized by Indian Society of International Law during Jan 2022.
African union transition and its ability to respond to conflicts in africaSARON MESSEMBE OBIA
From the Organization of African Unity (OAU) to African Union (AU) The African Union initiated by Pan Africanists to improve the lives of Africans through sustainable development and to resolve conflicts in the continent. But the competence of the African Union has been put to question. The inability of the AU to resolve the conflict in central African Republic, the continuous terrorist attacks in Nigeria by Boko-Haram, in Kenya and Somalia by Al-Shabba, has led the international community to focus on insecurity in the African continent. Though this change from OAU to AU the AU still faces some challenges. Nonetheless it has registered some success.
presentation on organisation of Islamic conference of how it was build why it was build and all times and places where the meetings where held and members states
Problems of UN Funding & Legal Issues Concerning PeacekeepingNilendra Kumar
Above two issues have been highlighted in this presentation made at the 11th Winter Course on International Law organized by Indian Society of International Law during Jan 2022.
NATO was established after World War II as part of the United Nations. Its primary purpose was to defend member nations against the large number of troops in pro-communist countries. The U.S. also wanted to maintain a presence in Europe, to prevent a resurgence of military nationalism and foster political union.
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was created and founded during the collapse of the colonial system and the independence struggles of the peoples of Africa, Asia, Latin America and other regions of the world and at the height of the Cold War.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
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Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
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A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organizationuptheratios
Up the Ratios is a non-profit organization dedicated to bridging the gap in STEM education for underprivileged students by providing free, high-quality learning opportunities in robotics and other STEM fields. Our mission is to empower the next generation of innovators, thinkers, and problem-solvers by offering a range of educational programs that foster curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking.
At Up the Ratios, we believe that every student, regardless of their socio-economic background, should have access to the tools and knowledge needed to succeed in today's technology-driven world. To achieve this, we host a variety of free classes, workshops, summer camps, and live lectures tailored to students from underserved communities. Our programs are designed to be engaging and hands-on, allowing students to explore the exciting world of robotics and STEM through practical, real-world applications.
Our free classes cover fundamental concepts in robotics, coding, and engineering, providing students with a strong foundation in these critical areas. Through our interactive workshops, students can dive deeper into specific topics, working on projects that challenge them to apply what they've learned and think creatively. Our summer camps offer an immersive experience where students can collaborate on larger projects, develop their teamwork skills, and gain confidence in their abilities.
In addition to our local programs, Up the Ratios is committed to making a global impact. We take donations of new and gently used robotics parts, which we then distribute to students and educational institutions in other countries. These donations help ensure that young learners worldwide have the resources they need to explore and excel in STEM fields. By supporting education in this way, we aim to nurture a global community of future leaders and innovators.
Our live lectures feature guest speakers from various STEM disciplines, including engineers, scientists, and industry professionals who share their knowledge and experiences with our students. These lectures provide valuable insights into potential career paths and inspire students to pursue their passions in STEM.
Up the Ratios relies on the generosity of donors and volunteers to continue our work. Contributions of time, expertise, and financial support are crucial to sustaining our programs and expanding our reach. Whether you're an individual passionate about education, a professional in the STEM field, or a company looking to give back to the community, there are many ways to get involved and make a difference.
We are proud of the positive impact we've had on the lives of countless students, many of whom have gone on to pursue higher education and careers in STEM. By providing these young minds with the tools and opportunities they need to succeed, we are not only changing their futures but also contributing to the advancement of technology and innovation on a broader scale.
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
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What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
Canadian Immigration Tracker March 2024 - Key SlidesAndrew Griffith
Highlights
Permanent Residents decrease along with percentage of TR2PR decline to 52 percent of all Permanent Residents.
March asylum claim data not issued as of May 27 (unusually late). Irregular arrivals remain very small.
Study permit applications experiencing sharp decrease as a result of announced caps over 50 percent compared to February.
Citizenship numbers remain stable.
Slide 3 has the overall numbers and change.
2. NATO
> The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
> Founded: April 4, 1949, Washington, D.C., United States
> Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium
>Founders: 28 States
It is an organization which is working for peace and to tackle communism.
Article five- If any non-member country attacks any member country then those (NATO
members) will stand together and help the organization and its member states. NATO, it was
created in 1949 by the several western and European nations like United States, Canada to
stand together against the Soviet Union (USSR). It was the first peacetime military alliance the
US entered into outside of the Western Hemisphere. At the time of destruction of the Second
World War after the War the nations of Europe struggled to reconstruct their economies and
ensure their security.
Goals and Roles of NATO
(a) The NATO was meant to create fear psychosis for Soviet Russia.
(b) It warned Russia that if it attacks on any country of Europe or America, then the USA would help that
affected country.
(c) This organization also tried to unite all the countries of Europe and America under one umbrella. It
also aimed at economic stability of these countries and advancement in military front.
(d) This organization also mentally stabilized the European nations.
(e) The real objective of NATO was to save the country of Europe and America which was to be attacked
by Russia.
The goal of NATO is to make peace in whole world. Alongside they want to solve all the problems of
whole world.
1- They want to fight v/s terrorism- There main goal is to fight against terrorism at any cost that is
why they are united as an united forces [e.g.] In middle east they are fighting v/s ISIS and also in
every where they are providing help to all state .
2- They want to stop Russia and their hidden objective to fight against their army and all
geopolitical issues.
3. 3- They want to play a key role for development of their member countries.
4- They want to work welfare of all around the world.
4. Belgium, Netherland etc. participated in it. In 1952, Greece and Turkey joined NATO. In 1955 West
Germany became its member. NATO was really meant to check the Russian influence over the European
Countries.
Principles of the NATO:
This treaty includes one Preamble including 14 articles.
The principles of the NATO were:
1. The members of NATO will solve themselves the disputes which arise among them.
2. They will make their relations strong through friendly co-operation.
3. They will help each other for individual as well as Common Security.
4. As far as the Sovereignty was concerned, they will help each other.
5. Any attack on a country of Europe or North America will be treated as attack a whole of Europe and
North America.
Objectives:
The objectives of NATO were:
(a) The NATO was meant to create fear psychosis for Soviet Russia.
(b) It warned Russia that if it attacks on any country of Europe or America, then the USA would help that
affected country.
(c) This organization also tried to unite all the countries of Europe and America under one umbrella. It
also aimed at economic stability of these countries and advancement in military front.
(d) This organization also mentally stabilized the European nations.
5. (e) The real objective of NATO was to save the country of Europe and America which was to be attacked
by Russia.
Analysis of NATO:
NATO was internationally criticized. Various historians opine that NATO had encouraged the Cold War.
Secondly, as it did not obey the principles of the UNO, others pointed out fingers at it. Russia said that
NATO was established only to terrorize Russia.
Thirdly, NATO was a barrier for world peace. It inspired the countries to bring progress in armaments.
(However, the formation of NATO inspired the countries for a race in armament.
Really, NATO was a part of the Cold War. It not only accelerated the Cold War but also encouraged the
enmity between America and Russia.)
6. NAM
∑ Non-Aligned Movement
∑ Membership 120 members, 17 observers
∑ Establishment 1961 in Belgrade as the Conference of Heads of State or Government of
Non-Aligned Countries.
∑ This organization founded in 1961 at Belgrade and created by the Indian first P.M Pundit
Jawaharlal Nehru. Indonesia's first president, Sukarno; Egypt's second president, Gamal
Abdel Nasser; Ghana's first president kwame Nkrumah; and Yugoslavia's president, Josip
Broz Tito. All five leaders were prominent advocates of a middle course for states in
the Developing World between the westeran and Eastern Blocs in the cold war. Mutual
respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty
∑ Mutual non-aggression
∑ Mutual non-interference in domestic affairs
∑ Equality and mutual benefit
∑ Peaceful co-existence
Goals and Role of Nam-
The main goal of NAM is to provide the peace in whole world. And to
make the development of their economy.
Objective of NAM- One of the factors of founding the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was the
holding of Asian-African Conference in Indonesian city of Bandung in 1955. The conference was
a prelude to the formation of NAM in which 29 countries representing a population of over 1.150
billion people took part. The confab was chaired by the then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal
Nehru.
Unlike the eastern and western blocs what brings these countries close to each other is neither
military unity nor political and economic solidarity but resistance against the influence of big
powers which threaten their political independence and also efforts for removing political and
economic colonialism and support for liberation-seeking and anti-colonialist movements.
The geo political relevance in current situation
The current situation of NAM in geo political is that they want to make peace in whole world and
their main Moto is that they want fight v/s terrorism. In some NAM members there are many
issues like civil war. This is affecting NAM so much also they are now growing day by day more
and more.
7. SAARC
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
Establishment- 1985
membership- 8 members
SAARC is an economy and geo political group which is working on to make the members of SAARC and
their welfare. The country which is presenting this organization is India , Pakistan , Nepal , Bangladesh ,
Sri Lanka , Magnolia and later join by the Afghanistan .
Goals and role of SAARC –
Their goal is increase their GDP and economy to make their country stronger
which will make the South Asia stronger. They want to fight v/s all things which are affecting their work.
Geo-politics – The main concern for them in India Pakistan bad relation. Also the Chain eye is to become
the member of this organization. Also to create this organization is the masterstroke of U.S.A to stop
chain with the help of India. Also indo Pakistan bad relation are affecting this thing to make the
organization run.
Objectives of SAARC:
The objectives of SAARC, as defined in its charter, are as follows:
i. Promote the welfare of the peoples of South Asia and improve their quality of life;
ii. Accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region by providing all
individuals the opportunity to live in dignity and realise their full potential;
iii. Promote and strengthen collective self-reliance among the countries of South Asia;
iv. Contribute to mutual trust, understanding and appreciation of one another’s problems;
v. Promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural, technical and
scientific fields;
8. vi. Strengthen co-operation with other developing countries;
vii. Strengthen co-operation among themselves in international forms on matters of common interest;
and
viii. Cooperate with international and regional organisation with similar aims and purposes.
SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangements (SAFTA):
SAPTA which came into operations in’1995 heralds a new chapter of economic co-operation among the
SAARC countries. IT concretises the first step towards creation of a trade bloc in the South Asian Region.
Under the SAPTA mechanism, the SAARC countries, to begin with, have identified 226 items for
exchange on tariff concessions ranging from 10 per cent to 100 per cent.
India has agreed to extend tariff concessions on 106 items, while Bangladesh has agreed to offer tariff
concessions on 12 items, Maldives on 17, Nepal 14, Pakistan 35, Sri Lanka 31 and Bhutan 11. Out of 106
items offered by India for tariff concessions, 62 items would be for the least developed countries in the
SAARC.
SAPTA to SAFTA:
The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) agreement came into force from July 1, 2006. With this, the
earlier SAPTA established in 1995 had paved the way to SAFTA. The South Asian developed countries are
well endowed with labour and natural resources.
Further, with growing openness among themselves, higher production and expansion of labour,
intensive exports, increased employment, increased wages and thereby helping in reducing poverty, the
region is poised to play an important role in the growing international trade relations.