To know about Disaster Scenario, National action plan on disaster management in Nepal, Organizational Structure for Disaster Management, Major Challenges, Measures to Solve the Problems.
Presentation on Disaster Management process in Nepal
1. Presentation on Disaster
Management process in Nepal.
Presented by
Md. Ariful Hasan
ESRM 11th Batch
Mawlana Bhashani Science & Technology University
2. Study Outline
• Brief description of Nepal.
• Disaster Scenario
• National action plan on disaster management in
Nepal
• Organizational Structure for Disaster
Management
• Major Challenges
• Measures to Solve the Problems
3. Welcome to Nepal
• Democratic Republic of Nepal
• It is a landlocked sovereign country located in
South Asia. It has an area of 147,181 square
kilometres and a population of approximately 2.7
crores (27 million).
• It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the
north by the People’s Republic of China, and to the
south, east, and west by the Republic of India.
• Kathmandu is the capital of the country and the
most populous city of the country.
4. Disaster Scenario
Landslide:
Landslide is one of the very
common natural hazards in the hilly
region of Nepal.
causes
• steep slopes, fragile geology,
high intensity of rainfall,
deforestation, unplanned human
settlements
5. flood, and debris flow:
causes
• More than 6000 rivers and streams in Nepal.
• Most of them flow from the north towards the
south, generally with high velocity due to high
river gradient.
• Most of the big rivers are snow fed that are
covered by perpetual snow.
• As the topography of the country is steep, rugged
and high-angle slope with complex geology, very
high intensity of rainfall during the monsoon
season
Disaster Scenario (con..)
6. Fire
Fire disaster occurs mainly in the dry season between April to June.
During this season the temperature in the Tarai region rises above
35° Celsius and it rains seldom. Fire disaster takes place mostly in
the rural areas of the Tarai and the middle Hill region of Nepal. As
90.8 percent of the total population live in the rural areas in a very
poor housing condition fire hazards are common.
Avalanche
Avalanches are a rapid movement of snow and debris flowing down
through the slope or flanks of mountains. It can be triggered by
natural factors like slopes, thickness of snow or human activity.
They have the capacity to carry massive masses of snow and debris.
Disaster Scenario (con..)
7. Earthquake
Nepal is most susceptible to earthquakes as a consequence of the
collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurassian Plate.
Disaster Scenario (con..)
8. Drought
Drought is the frequently happening hazard in Nepal.
This is mainly caused by uneven and irregular low
monsoon rainfall. Some parts of Terai, mid-land and
Trans-Himalayan belts of Nepal are prone to drought.
Windstorm, Thunderbolt and Hailstorm
Windstorm occur mainly during the dry season between
March to May. Thunderbolt occurs during the monsoon
and hailstorm takes place during the beginning and end of
the monsoon. Hailstorm causes heavy losses of agricultural
crops though human life loss is seldom.
Disaster Scenario (con..)
9. National action plan on disaster management in Nepal
Consists of four main plans on:
(a)disaster preparedness , (b)disaster response (c)disaster reconstruction and
rehabilitation action (d)disaster mitigation.
Disaster preparedness
Actions:
• Adopt national policy and planning for making institutional arrangement, poverty
and legal framework.
• Assessment of geological, hydrological and meteorological hazard and
environmental studies.
• strengthening fire fighting capabilities in fire prone areas.
• Build awareness raising, training, rehearsal, simulation activities.
• establishment of disaster management information system and stock piling of
emergency supply materials
10. Disaster response
• Evacuation, search and rescue.
• Communication and transportation
• Temporary settlement
• Health, Nutrition and sanitation
Disaster reconstruction
and rehabilitation action
This action plan calls for the
developments of standard damage
assessment for all type of natural
disaster with for mitigation of
permanent damage
11. disaster
mitigation.
• Risk assessment for development
planning
• Policies on role of NGOs, local
community.
• Incorporation of disaster reduction
in development planning
• Establishment of documentation
center for reduction activities
12. Organizational Structure
for Disaster Management
disaster operations in
Nepal fall under the
Natural Calamity Relief
Act of 1982. The Relief
Act also established the
the Central Natural
Disaster Relief
Committee (CNDRC).
13. Functions and Duties of the Central Natural Disaster Relief
Committee
• To formulate the national policy regarding the relief work
including the rehabilitation of the victims of natural disaster
• To keep the money, food stuff, clothes, medicines,
construction materials and other goods received within the
Kingdom of Nepal
• to send such goods as required for relief work in disaster area
• To form groups and send them to disaster area to assist in
natural disaster relief work,
• To give direction to the district committee and Local Committee on
the matters relating to relief work,
• To submit progress report of work
14. Functions and Duties of the Regional Natural Disaster Relief
Committee
• To give necessary suggestions to the Central Natural
Disaster Relief Committee regarding the formulation of
regional level policy on natural disaster relief work
• To coordinate or cause to be coordinated between
District Committees regarding natural disaster relief work
• To provide information to the Central Committee about
natural disaster relief work from time to time
• To work in accordance with the directives of the Central
Committee.
15. Functions and Duties of the District Natural Disaster
Relief Committee
• To coordinate or cause to be coordinated between Local
Committees regarding natural disaster relief work,
• To formulate district level plans on natural disaster relief work and
submit such plans to the Regional Committee,
• To monitor the natural disaster relief work being conducted by the
Local Committees and to support the on going work,
• To provide information to the Regional Committee about natural
disaster relief work from time to time,
• To work in accordance with the directives of the Central and
Regional Committees.
16. Functions and Duties of the Local Natural Disaster Relief
Committee
• To prepare detailed description of the loss caused by natural disaster and to submit to the
District Committee
• To organize volunteer's teams according to need and conduct or cause to be conducted the
relief work,
• To make necessary arrangements to take the injured in the natural disaster to the nearest
hospitals and health posts as soon as possible,
• To make arrangements for the evacuation of the victims of Natural Disaster to a safe place,
• To systematically distribute the cash and kind received in assistance from District Committee
and local resources to the families of the victims of natural disaster,
• To conduct an awareness program as a precaution for the prevention and control of the
possible events of the natural disaster,
• To hand over the goods and cash balance and the accounts thereof to the District Committee
upon completion of natural disaster relief work.
17.
18. Major Challenges
• Gap in coordination within the stakeholders
• Gap in clear communication and information
dissemination (e.g. confusion in one door system,
data management)
• Transfer of key government staff during
emergency
• Lack of proper preparedness for emergency
response
19. • Lack of trained resource person to conduct Initial
Rapid Assessment -IRA/Multi Cluster Initial Rapid
Assessment-MIRA/Cluster Specific Detailed
Assessment-CSDAand analysis software
• Lack of trained human resource in humanitarian
response
• Access to market and functionality
• Increase of price of relief materials.
Major Challenges (con..)
20. Measures to Solve the Problems
• public awareness
• increasing the literacy rate
• also necessary to train people
• improve road infrastructure, transportation and
communication facilities
• establish mutual understanding and frequent
dialogue between the focal persons.
• Establish Laws and policies.
Nepal is located in the central of the Himalaya range, Nepal is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world due to its rugged and fragile geophysical structure, very high peaks, high angle of slopes, complex geology, variable climatic conditions, active tectonic processes, unplanned settlement, increasing population, weak economic condition and low literacy rate. Earthquakes, landslides, floods, fire, thunderbolts are the major causes of disaster events that caused major damaged in the past, weakening the fragile ecosystem of the country.
Both natural and human factors such as
major active faults in east-west alignment
The lack of irrigation facilities further exacerbates the effect of drought causing enormous loss of crops production leading to the shortage and insecurity food.
Windstorm and thunderbolt causes the loss of human life as well as physical property.
disaster operations in Nepal fall under the Natural Calamity Relief Act of 1982. The Relief Act also established the the Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee (CNDRC). The CNDRC is responsible for preparing national compliance on preparedness, response and recovery, and ensuring their implementation stockpiling relief and rescue materials; collecting and disseminating relief materials and funds during emergency operations; and, providing direction to the district and local committees
