Presentation on computer history & generation

2. Presented By
Name:- MUHAMMAD SHOAIB MANZOOR
Subject:- COMPUTER APPLICATION
Semester:- 1st
Faculty:- YOUSUF QASIM

3. COMPUTERS
HISTORY

4. WHAT IS COMPUTER?
Computer is an advanced electronic device
that takes raw data as an input from the user
and processes it under the control of a set of
instructions (called program), produces a
result (output), and saves it for future use.
This tutorial explains the foundational
concepts of computer hardware, software,
operating systems, peripherals, etc. along with
how to get the most value and impact from
computer technology.

5. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
The History of Computer development is
often referred to in reference to the different
generations of computing devices. Each
generation of computer is characterized by a
major technological development that
fundamentally changed the way computers
operate, resulting in increasingly smaller,
cheaper, more powerful and more efficient
and reliable devices.

6. EARLIEST COMPUTER
 The abacus was invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
 It used to perform basic arithmetic operations.
 This device allows users to make computations using a
system of sliding beads arranged on a rack.
 Considered the first computer
ABACUS
4th Century B.C.
 Originally calculations were computed by
humans, whose job title was computers.
 These human computers were typically
engaged in the calculation of a mathematical
expression.
 The calculations of this period were specialized
and expensive, requiring years of training in
mathematics.
ABACUS

7. ABACUS
Earliest Computer

8. Napier’s Bones
(John Napier)
 Invented by John Napier in 1614.
 Napier's bones is a manually-operated
calculating device
 Allowed the operator to multiply,
divide and calculate square and cube
roots by moving the rods around and
placing them in specially constructed
boards.
Napier’s Bones

9. NAPIER’S BONES

10. PASCALINE
(Blaise Pascal)
 Pascaline Calculator Invented by
Blaise Pascal in 1642.
 It was its limitation to addition and
subtraction.
 Pascaline is too expensive.
 It is the first and earliest mechanical
devices used for calculating was the
Pascaline.
Pascal’s
calculator
Pascal’s
Inventions

11. PASCALINE
(Blaise Pascal)

12. STEPPED RECKONER
(Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz)
 Stepped Reckoner Invented by
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in
1673.
 The stepped reckoner was a
digital mechanical calculator
 The machine that can add,
subtract, multiply and divide
automatically.
Stepped Reckoner

13. Jacquard Loom
(Joseph-Marie Jacquard)
 The Jacquard loom is a mechanical
loom,
 The Jacquard system was developed
by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881.
 It is an automatic loom controlled
by punched cards.
 This system improved on the
punched-card technology
Jacquard Loom

14. Analytical Engine
(1791 - 1871)
 It an automatic, mechanical calculator
designed to tabulate polynomial
functions.
 Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and
1834.
 It is the first mechanical computer.
 With Charles Babbage's creation of the
"Analytical Engine", (1833) computers
took the form of a general purpose
machine.
Analytical Engine
(Charles Babbage)

15. Augusta Ada Byron
(1815 - 1852)
 Ada Lovelace has been called the world's
first computer programmer.
 In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron suggests to
Babbage that he use the binary system.
 She writes programs for the Analytical
Engine.
 The computer that she designed the
programs for wasn’t ever manufactured.
FIRST COMPUTER PROGRAMMER

16. OSBORNE
 Osborne 1 is the first commercially
successful portable computer.
 It weighs 24.5 lb. (11.1 kg).
 Cost US$1,795
 Runs the CP/M 2.2 operating system.
 Released in 1981 by the Osborne
Computer Corporation.
OSBORNE -I

17. COMPUTER
GENERATIONS

18. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
 FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
 SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS
 THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS
 FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
 FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

19. FIRST GENERATION
Vacuum Tubes
 The first computers used vacuum tubes(a sealed
glass tube containing a near-vacuum which
allows the free passage of electric current.) for
circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
 First generation computers relied on machine
language.
 They were often enormous and taking up entire
room.
COMPUTER (1945 – 1956)

20. FIRST GENERATION
MAIN FEATURES OF FIRST
GENERATION
 Vacuum Tube Technology
 Unreliable
 Very Costly
 Generate Lot of Heat
 Slow Input/Output Devices
 Huge Size
 Need Air Condition Room
 Non-Portable
COMPUTER (1945 – 1956)
First
Generation
Computers
ENIAC
EDVAC
IBM
UNIVAC

21. SECOND GENERATION
TRANSISTORS
 The Scientists at Bell Laboratories developed
Transistors in 1947.
 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered
in the second generation of computers.
 These were also the first computers that stored
their instructions in their memory.
 High-level programming languages were also
being developed at this time, such as early
versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.
COMPUTER (1959 – 1965)

22. MAIN FEATURES OF SECOND
GENERATION
 Smaller Size
 Still very Costly
 Use of Transistors
 Consumed less Electricity
 Faster then First Generation
 Generate Less amount of Heat
 Reliable in Comparison to first Generation
Second
Generation
Computers
IBM
1620
IBM
1401
CDC
3600
SECOND GENERATION
COMPUTER (1959 – 1965)

23. THIRD GENERATION
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
 Jack Kilby developed the concept of integrated
circuit in 1958. It was an imported invention in
the Computer field.
 The development of the integrated circuit was
the hallmark of the third generation of
computers.
 Transistors were miniaturized and placed
on silicon chips, called semiconductors.
 Allowed the device to run many
different applications at one time.
COMPUTER(1965 – 1971)

24. THIRD GENERATION
MAIN FEATURES OF THIRD
GENERATION
 IC Used
 Smaller Size
 Less Maintenance
 Consumed less Electricity
 Need Air Condition Room
 Supported High-Level Language
 Faster then Previous Two Generations
 Reliable in Comparison to Previous Generation
COMPUTER (1965 – 1971)
Third
Generation
Computers
IBM 360
Series
TDC-316
& IBM
370
PDP &
Honeywell
6000
Series

25. FOURTH GENERATION
MICROPROCESSOR
 The fourth generation of computers Started with
the invention of Microprocessor.
 The Microprocessor contains thousands of ICs.
 Ted Hoff produced the first microprocessor in
1998 for Intel.
 From the central processing unit and memory to
input/output controls—on a single chip.
 Fourth generation computers also saw the
development of GUIs, the mouse and
handheld devices.
COMPUTER(1998 Present)

26. FOURTH GENERATION
MAIN FEATURES OF FOURTH
GENERATION
 Very cheap
 Very Small Size
 VLSI Technology Used
 Portable and Reliable
 Not Need of Air Condition Room
 Concept of Internet was Introduced
 Computers became easily Available
 Great developments in the field of networks
COMPUTER (1998 Present)
Fourth
Generation
Computers
Apple
Macintosh
& IBM 360
TDC-316
& IBM
370/168
PDP &
Honeywell
6000
Series

27. FIFTH GENERATION
Artificial intelligence
 They will have Artificial Intelligence.
 They will be able to recognize image and graph.
 They will be able to use more than one CPU for
faster processing speed.
 The fifth generation of computers will use Super
large scale integrated Chips.
 The goal of fifth-generation computing is to
develop devices that respond to natural
language input and are capable of learning and self-
organization.
COMPUTER(1998 to Present)

28. MAIN FEATURES OF FIFTH
GENERATION
 USLI Technology
 Advancement in parallel processing
 Development of true artificial intelligence
 Development of Natural Language processing
 Advancement in Super-Conductor technology
 More User Friendly interfaces with
multimedia features.
 Availability of very powerful & Compact
Computers at cheap rates.
Fifth
Generation
Computers
Desktop
Laptop
Chrome
Book
Note book
Ultra book
FIFTH GENERATION
COMPUTER(1998 to Present)

29. THANKS 