INSTITUE OF MANAGMENT SCIENCES HAYATABAD PESHAWAR>>>>

1. (1) SHEHYAR KHAN AFRIDI
(2) UMAR MUKHATAR
(3) UMAR FAROOQ

2. HISTORY OF COMPUTER

3. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
 In information society the
focus of commerce is on
the generation and
distribution of
information. Computer is
changing the ways we
communicate, do business
and learn about the
different branches of
Education.

4. WHAT IS COMPUTER?
 The “Computer” is derived from the word “Compute", which
means to calculate. so Computer is normally considered to be
a calculating device.
OR
INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

5. USES OF COMPUTER
 We can store data in a computer and retrieve stored data
when we needed.
 We can send message to our friends, relative and family
anywhere in the world by connecting computer with
internet.
 Medical sciences and Biotechnology are using computer
to diagnoses the diseases of patient in hospital.
 For Entertainment purposes.

6. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
ABACUS: PICTURE
 The earliest device that
qualifies as a computer is the
abacus. The abacus was
invented 5,000 years ago in
Asia Minor and still in use
today .This device is allows
users to calculate ,by sliding
beads arranged a work.

7. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
JOHN NAIPER(1550-1617) PICTURE
 John Napier was a Scottish
mathematician .He made the
first manual calculating device
after Abacus .It was called John
Napier bones or cardboard
multiplication calculator. In
addition to multiplication this
machine was also used to
calculate square roots and
cube roots.

8. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
BLAISE PASCAL(1623-1162) PICTURE
 In 1942 Blaise Pascal, The 18
year old son of French tax
collector, invented a numerical
wheel calculator to help his
father in calculation. This
device was known as
“PASCALINE” and was only able
to Add two numbers.

9. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
BARRON GOTTFRIED(1646-
1716) PICTURE
 In 1694,a German philosopher
and mathematician Barron
gottfried wilhelm von jeibniz
made some improvement in
Pascal machine. He added
features of multiplication and
division. The machine was able
to perform these operation by
using repeated addition and
subtraction.

10. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
CHARLES XAVIER (1785-1870) PICTURE
 Charles Xavier Thomas De
Colmar, a Frenchman, invented
a machine in 1820 that could
perform the four basic
Arithmetic function. This
machine was Arithmometer.

11. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
CHARLES BABBAGE(1791-1871) PICTURE
 An English mathematician
,Professor Charles Babbage made
a “Difference Engine” in
1833,which was powered by
steam to solve mathematical
equations. After ten years, in 1842
he made a general purpose
computer named “Analytical
Engine". this Engine could
Add,subtracted,multiply and
divide in automatic sequence at a
rate of 60 addition per second.

12. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
GEORGE BOOLE(1815-1864) PICTURE
 George Boole clarified the
binary system of Algebra, that
any mathematical equation
could be stated either true of
false.

13. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
HERMAN HOLLERITH(1862-
1929) PICTURE
 In 1890, an American inventor
Herman Hollerith applied the
idea of punch boards in the
form of for input and output.
He a punched card tabulating
machine.

14. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

15. GENERATION OF COMPUTER
 The steps of technological differences are called
generations.
 In 1941 German engineers had developed a computer
named Z3 to design airplanes and missiles.
 In 1943the British made a computer named Colossus to
break secret codes during World War 2.

16. FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTER
 First Generation of Computer were characterized by the
fact that operating instructions were made-to-order for
the specific task for which the computer was to be used.
 Each computer had a different binary coded program
called machine language that told it how to operate.

17. THE DISTINCT FEATURES OF 1st G
 VACUUM TUBES: Vacuum tubes were the fragile glass
devices that can control and amplify electronic signal.
 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS: Operating instruction were
used to operate computer for specific tasks.
 MACHINE LANGUAGE: Different Binary coded program for
different comp

18. FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTER
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Vacuum tubes were the only  First generation computer
electronic component available were too large in size.
during those days.  Air Conditioning required.
 Vacuum tubes technology  Non-portable
made possible the advent of  Produce large amount of heat
that time. They could perform and burn out frequently.
computation in millisecond.

19. SECOND GENERATION OF
COMPUTER
 In 1948 with the invention of transistor, vacuum tubes
replaced with transistors.
 As a result, the size of electronic machinery has been
shrunk.
 2nd generation computer replaced machine language to
assembly language allowing abbreviated programming
code to replace long difficult binary code

20. 2nd GENERATION OF COMPUTER
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Smaller in size as compared to  Air conditioning required.
1st Generation computer.  Frequently maintenance
 Less heat generated. required.
 Better portability.  Commercial production was
difficult and costly.

21. THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTER
 The invention of the silicon IC(Integrated circuit) by
Robert Noyce in 1958 allowed dozens of transistor to be
put on a single chip. This packaging made it possible to
build computer that were smaller,faster,and cheaper
than their transistorized predecessors.
 Another third generation development included the use
of an operating system that allowed machines to run
many different program at once with a central program
that monitored and coordinated the computer memory.

22. 3rd GENERATION OF COMPUTER
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Smaller in size as compared to  Air conditioning required in
previous generation many cases.
computers.  Highly difficult technology
 Working speed of these required for the manufacture
computer is faster as compared of IC chips.
to previous computers.
 Easily movable.