Presentation of geomorphology corrected
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This document discusses weathering processes that break down rocks at Earth's surface. It defines weathering and distinguishes it from erosion. The main types of weathering are mechanical, chemical and biological. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks through frost cracking, heat expansion and other physical processes without changing the chemical composition. Chemical weathering alters the minerals through hydrolysis, oxidation and other reactions. Factors like climate, topography and vegetation influence weathering rates and produce landforms over time.
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Presentation of geomorphology corrected
- 1. Presented By: M Sajjad (907) Ph# +923346544625
- 2. ο Introduction ο Definition ο Weathering vs. erosion ο Types of weathering ο Mechanical weathering ο Agents of Mechanical weathering ο Frost Action ο Pressure Release (Exfoliation) ο Insulation ο Some minor Agents of Mechanical weathering ο Chemical weathering ο Main process of Chemical Weathering ο Hydrolysis ο Oxidation ο Carbonation ο Acidic Rain ο Solution ο Biological weathering ο Mechanical weathering vs. chemical weathering ο Factors af fecting weathering ο Significance of weathering
- 3. ο βWeathering is the process of disintegration and decomposition of rocks of the earthβs surfaceβ. ο Weathering Vs. Erosion
- 4. ο Mechanical weathering ο Disintegration by physical agents ο Composition of rock does not change
- 5. ο Frost Action ο Weathering process by ice ο Water increases in volume by about 9% when it freezes ο Produces about 1890 metric tons pressure for every 1 ft2 ο Common in high altitude zones
- 7. ο Pressure Release (Exfoliation) ο Metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks are under pressure ο Upper layer is removed by erosion ο Due to pressure release the cracks are formed
- 9. ο Insolation ο Common in arid and desert regions ο Temperature is high in day time and low in night ο Disintegration due to expansion and contraction ο Block Disintegration ο Granular disintegration
- 11. ο Rainfall ο Gravity ο Salt wedging
- 12. ο Weathering process by chemical agents ο Composition of rocks is changed
- 13. These weathered tombstones are from a burying ground in Boston, Massachusetts. The marker on the left, carved in marble, has been strongly weathered, weakening the lettering. The marker on the right, made of slate, is much more resistant to erosion.
- 14. ο Hydrolysis ο Addition of water ο When minerals are moistened, hydrolysis occurs. H2O + CO2 + CaCO3 --> Ca+2 + 2HCO3- ο water + carbon dioxide + calcite dissolve into calcium ion and bicarbonate ion
- 15. Feldspars to clay + H 2 CO 3 (acid)
- 17. ο Oxidation ο Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in a processes called oxidation ο The product of oxidation is rust
- 18. ο Carbonation ο Mostly in humid areas ο CO2 dissolves in rain water and creates carbonic acid ο Carbonic acid easily weathers limestone and marble CaCo3+H2CO3 Ca2+ + 2HCO3
- 19. ο Acidic Rain ο Compounds from burning coal, oil and gas react chemically with water forming acids. ο Acid rain causes very rapid chemical weathering
- 21. ο Solution ο Rock salt and gypsum may be dissolved by water and then removed in solution
- 23. ο Can be both chemical and mechanical in nature. β’ roots split rocks apart β’ roots produce acids that dissolve rocks.
- 24. β’ Animal And Insects β’ Vegetation β’ Human Activities
- 25. MECHANICAL WEATHERING CHEMICAL WEATHERING ο Rocks are disintegrated by ο Rocks are decomposed by physical force chemical action ο There is no chemical change ο Rocks undergo chemical change ο Prominent in hot and humid ο Prominent in dry and cool areas areas ο Rocks are broken into great ο Only surface rocks are affected depth ο Hard rock like quartz resist ο Hard rocks are weathered too chemical weathering
- 26. ο Nature of rock ο Slope of land ο Joints ο Vegetation cover ο Climate
- 27. ο Landforms ο Formation of sedimentary rocks ο Mass wasting ο Regolith formation
- 30. Niche habitation of native Americans wall of canyon de chelly Arizona
- 31. This granite outcrop in Yosemite National Park, California, displays sheetlike joints, giving a stepped appearance to the mountain slope.
- 36. ο Monolith ο Buttes ο Mesas
- 37. Monoli Mesa th Butte
- 38. ο Bajwa.A.S, βModern Physical Geographyβ publishers emporium Urdu Bazar Lahore ο Strahler.A βPhysical Geographyβ 2nd 2005 ο http://www.soils.wisc.edu/courses/SS325/weathering.htm ο http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10s.html ο http://russiatrek.org/blog/nature/the-weathering-pillars-of-komi-republic- photos/ ο http://www.allrussiantours.com/natural-attractions/pillars-of- weathering.html