The document outlines essential communication and presentation skills, emphasizing the importance of effective verbal and non-verbal communication in various contexts. Key topics include the communication cycle, types of communication, barriers to effective communication, key skills like listening and feedback, and tips for creating engaging presentations. Practical advice is provided on structuring presentations, utilizing visual aids, and improving delivery for maximum audience engagement.

1. Presentation Skills
By : Gihan Aboueleish

2. Gihan aboueleish

3. Learning Objectives
What is Communication ?
The Communication Cycle
Impact of a message
Styles of Communication
What is a skill?
Designing Effective PowerPoint Presentation.
Types of Instructional Tools.
Some Final Words
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4. Why Communication ..?
 Communication
 Miss-communication
 Communication Skills.
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5. What is Communication?
The dictionary defines communication as
a process by which information is exchanged
between individuals through a common
system of symbols, signs or behaviors.
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6. Functions of Communication
 Control
 Motivation
 Emotional Expression
 Information

7. Process of Communication
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8. Communication Cycle
Message
Various
Sender Channel Receiver
Feedback
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9. Cultural Difference “video”

10. Types of Communication
Types
Verbal Non - Verbal
Postures & Facial
Words Voice
movements expressions
Modulation
Diction
Gestures
Clear Linguistics
Tone
Volume
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11. Barriers to Effective Communication
 Filtering
 Selective Perception
 Emotions
 Language

12. Cultural Misunderstanding “Video”

13. Key Communication Skills
 Listening Skills
 Feedback Skills
 Presentation skills

14. Verbal Communication
 Words
 UseSimple Language (avoid jargon)
 Grammatically correct
 Avoid slang
 Be precise (avoid redundancy)
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15. Don’t Do
I can’t do this… I’ll check it for you…
I can’t help you…
I don’t know…
You don’t understand… Let me explain…
You are wrong…
I think… I suggest…
Please listen to me.. I recommend…
You will have to… In order to complete the process we will need to…
Just a second… May I place you on hold…
Hold on…
“No” in the beginning of the sentence I am afraid...
I would love to do it however…
What? What did u say? Pardon Me…
Could you please repeat…
But However
We can’t do… What we can do is…
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16. Non – Verbal Communication
 Facial Expressions
 Eye Communication
 90% of our personal communication calls for
involvement.
 Look at people for 5 to 10 seconds before looking
away, it shows involvement.
 Smile
 It improves your face value !!
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17. Non – Verbal Communication
 Gestures
 Are you aware how you look to others?
 Find out your habits
 Find your nervous gestures
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18. Non – Verbal Communication
 Posture And Movement
 Stand Tall.
 The difference between towering and cowering is totally a
matter of inner posture.
 It’s got nothing to do with height, it costs nothing and its
more fun.
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19. Impact of a Message
FACE TO FACE
Body Tone of
Language Voice
55% 38%
Words
7%
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20. Impact of a Message
-
VOICE CONVERSATION
Words
14%
Tone of
Voice
86%
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21. Cultural Shock “Video”

24. Feedback Skills
 Positive vs. Negative Feedback
 Positive feedback is more readily and accurately
perceived than negative feedback.
 Positive feedback fits what most people wish to
hear and already believe about themselves.
 Negative feedback is most likely to be accepted
when it comes from a credible source if it is
objective in form.
 Subjective impressions carry weight only when
they come from a person with high status and

25. Developing Effective Feedback Skills
 Focus on specific behaviors.
 Keep feedback impersonal
 Keep feedback goal oriented
 Make feedback well timed
 Ensure understanding
 Direct feedback toward behavior that is
controllable by the recipient

26. Group Think
 Phenomena in which the norm for consensus
overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative
course of action

27. Styles Of Communication
 Aggressive communication
 Submissive communication
 Assertive communication
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28. Aggressive communication
 Those who communicate in an aggressive manner are
generally perceived as selfish and unwilling to
compromise. This style is usually linked to a desire to hurt
others or exact revenge, or may reflect poor emotional
development.
 It usually attacks the other person instead of expressing a
need:
 Ex; "You never spend any time with me“
versus
"I need to spend more time with you".
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29. Passive Communication
 Passive communication is based on compliance and
hopes to avoid confrontation at all costs. In this
mode we don't talk much, question even less, and
actually do very little. We just don't want to rock
the boat. Passives have learned that it is safer not
to react and better to disappear than to stand up
and be noticed.
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30. Assertive communication
 The most effective and healthiest form of
communication. It's how we naturally express
ourselves when our self-esteem is intact, giving us
the confidence to communicate without games and
manipulation.
 When we are being assertive, we work hard to
create mutually satisfying solutions. We
communicate our needs clearly. We care about the
relationship and insist for a win/win situation. We
know our limits and refuse to be pushed beyond
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them just because someone else wants or needs

31. Situations
 Have a look at these situations and decide how...
...an aggressive person would react
 Situation # 01.
 Situation # 02.
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32. Situations
 You are trying to concentrate on some important work.
However, a few of your co-workers are laughing and
horsing around. What do you do?
 You are the head of your department. A young lady who
works for you has started coming to work late everyday
and is extremely moody. What do you do?
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33. What is a Skill?
 Skill is defined as a learned
power of doing something
competently.
 It is a developed aptitude
or ability.
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34. Listening Skills
An open ear is the only believable sign
of an open heart.
David Augsburger
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35. Types of Listening
 Listening are of 3 types:
 Hearing
 Passive listening
 Active listening
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36. Barriers to Active Listening
* Environmental barriers
* Physiological barriers
* Psychological barriers
* Selective Listening
* Negative Listening Attitudes
* Personal Reactions
* Poor Motivation

37. How to Be an Effective Listener
 What You Think about Listening ?
* Understand the complexities of listening
* Prepare to listen
* Adjust to the situation
* Focus on ideas or key points
* Capitalize on the speed differential
* Organize material for learning

38. How to Be an Effective Listener (cont.)
* What You Feel about Listening ?
* Want to listen
* Delay judgment
* Admit your biases
* Don’t tune out “dry” subjects
* Accept responsibility for understanding
* Encourage others to talk

39. How to Be an Effective Listener (cont.)
* What You Do about Listening ?
* Establish eye contact with the speaker
* Take notes effectively
* Be a physically involved listener
* Avoid negative mannerisms
* Exercise your listening muscles
* Follow the Golden Rule

40. Important Details
 Be calm and collected at all times
 Be loud enough to be easily heard
 Use words with accurate diction & correct pronunciation
 Speak slowly and make use of pauses to stress important
ideas.
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41. Important Details
 Use a confident tone and a level clear vocabulary.
 Be vibrant and enthusiastic – avoid a dull, monotonous
tone.
 Know what you are talking about and accept the limitations
of your knowledge.
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42. Finally, remember that
interpersonal communication is a
multitude of skills. Also remember
that skills can be learned and
practiced. It is our hope that you
are on your way to mastering the
ART OF COMMUNICATION.
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43. Assignment
 Create a presentation about ;
 Motivating people in boring jobs
 Advertising may influence the consumer behavior.
 Ethics in science …is a barrier or helper ?
 Movies and their impact on mindsets
 Current lifestyle evil.
 HSCB think global & act local.
Your presentation should not exceed 15 Min with Maximum
20 slides.
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44. DESIGNING EFFECTIVE
“POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS”
By : Gihan aboueleish

45. Presentation Skills
Ideas, concepts or issues talked about or
spoken to a group or audience
Public speaking is one of the most feared
things
“I could make such a fool of myself”
Skills required to give a good presentation can
be developed “ Preparation is the Key”

46. Presentation Skills
* Preparation/ Planning is the first step on the ladder to
success
* Aspects in the development of a good presentation
* Self Centered (Self)
* Audience Centered (Audience)
* Subject Centered (Material)
* “I want (who) to (what) (where, when and how) because
(why)”

47. Presentation Skills
 Helpers
What do you want to present (content)?
Why do you want to present (purpose)?
Where will you be presenting (place)?
How do you want to present (words to be used or not,
slides to be used)
Who is your audience?

48. Presentation Skills
* Preparation: Audience Analysis
* What is the audience interested in
* What does the audience want
* What does the audience already know and needs to
know
* What are their needs, expectations from this
presentation
* How will the audience benefit from this presentation

49. Presentation Skills
 Structuring the presentation
Opening/Beginning
Middle section
Closing/End
5 min. , Questions

50. Presentation Skills
* The Beginning
- Should be carefully designed.
* Get attention
- shock, humor, question, story, facts &figures
* Motivate audience to listen
- listen to their needs

51. Presentation Skills
* Preparation – Structure
* Sequence should be logical & understandable
* Summaries- Recaps
* Value of visual aids-flip charts, handouts etc.

52. Presentation Skills
* Prepare Closing
* Last 2 to 2.5 minutes are as critical as the first
five minutes for a successful presentation
* Summarize- highlight important points
* Suggest action- what to do and when, where and
how to do it

53. Presentation Skills
* Effective Delivery
* Be active - move
* Be purposeful - controlled gestures
* Variations – vocal (pitch, volume, rate)
* Be natural
* Be direct – don’t just talk in front of the
audience talk to them

54. Presentation Skills
Handling Questions
 Do not get confused
 You are not supposed to know everything
 Anticipate and keep answers ready
 Sometime questions themselves give you a lead
to highlight your point of view

55. Presentation Skills
 Visual Aids
 While using an over head projector face the
audience while talking
 Point with a pen
 Appropriate lighting
 Watch the colors
 Ensure clear visibility
 06 lines, 07 words per line

56. Presentation Skills
So to conclude :
Always prepare
Control your fear
Interact with your audience

57. Tips for public presentation “Video”

58. Designing Effective PowerPoint
Presentation
Big Progressive
Consistent Simple
Clear Summary
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59. MAKE IT BIG
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60. Make it Big (Text)
 This is Arial 12
 This is Arial 18
 This is Arial 24
 This is Arial 32
 This is Arial 36
 This is Arial 44
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61. Make it Big (Text)
 This is Arial 12
 This is Arial 18
Too Small
 This is Arial 24
 This is Arial 32
 This is Arial 36
 This is Arial 44
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62. Make It Big (How to Estimate)
Look at it from 2 metres away 
2m
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63. KEEP IT SIMPLE
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64. Keep It Simple (Text)
 Too many colours
 Too Many Fonts and Styles
 The 6 x 7 rule
 No more than 6 lines per slide
 No more than 7 words per line
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65. Keep It Simple (Text)
Instructional Technology:
A complex integrated process involving people,
procedures, ideas, devices, and organization, for
analyzing problems and devising, implementing,
evaluating, and managing solutions to those
problems in situations in which learning is
Too detailed !
purposive and controlled
(HMRS 5th ed.)
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66. Keep It Simple (Text)
Instructional Technology:
A process involving people, procedures & tools
for solutions
to problems in learning
(HMRS 5th ed.) Much Simpler
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67. Falling Leaves Observed
Delhi Mumbai Goa
January 11,532,234 14,123,654 3,034,564
February 1,078,456 12,345,567 16,128,234
March 17,234,778 6,567,123 16,034,786
April 16,098,897 10,870,954 7,940,096
May 8,036,897 10,345,394 14,856,456
June
July
Too detailed !
16,184,345 678,095
8,890,345 15,347,934
4,123,656
18,885,786
August 8,674,234 18,107,110 17,230,095
September 4,032,045 18,923,239 9,950,498
October 2,608,096 9,945,890 5,596,096
November 5,864,034 478,023 6,678,125
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December 12,234,123 9,532,111 3,045,654

68. Falling Leaves in Millions
In 106 Delhi Mumbai Goa
January 11 14 3
February 1 12 16
March 17 6 16
April 16 10 7
May
June Much Simpler
8
16
10
0
14
4
July 8 15 18
August 8 18 17
September 4 18 9
October 2 9 5
November 5 0 6
December 12 9 3
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69. Falling Leaves
50
Goa
45
Mumbai
40
Delhi
35
30
25 Too detailed !
20
15
10
5
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0
January February March April May June July August September October November December

70. Falling Leaves
50
Goa
Mumbai
Delhi
40
30
Much Simpler
20
10
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0
January March May July September November

71. Keep It Simple (Picture)
 Art work may distract your audience
Artistry does not substitute for content
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72. Keep It Simple (Sound)
 Sound effects may distract too
Use sound only when necessary
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73. Keep It Simple (Transition)
 This transition is annoying, not enhancing
"Appear" and "Disappear" are better

74. Keep It Simple (Animation)
2m
Simple & to the point
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75. MAKE IT CLEAR
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76. Make It Clear (Capitalisation)
 ALL CAPITAL LETTERS ARE DIFFICULT TO READ
 Upper and lower case letters are easier
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77. Make It Clear (Fonts)
Z Times/Arial Z Serif
clear busy
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78. Make It Clear (Fonts)
 Serif or Script fonts are difficult to read on screen
 Arial or Times fonts are clearer
 Italics are difficult to read on screen
 Normal or bold fonts are clearer
 Underlines may signify hyperlinks
 Instead, use colours to emphasise
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79. Make It Clear (Numbers)
Use numbers for lists with sequence
For example:
How to put an elephant into a fridge?
1. Open the door of the fridge
2. Put the elephant in
3. Close the door
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80. Make It Clear (Numbers)
How to put a giraffe into a fridge?
1. Open the door of the fridge
2. Take out the elephant
3. Put the giraffe in
4. Close the door
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81. Make It Clear (Bullets)
Use bullets to show a list without
 Priority
 Sequence
 Hierarchy, …..
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82. Make It Clear (Colours)
 Use contrasting colours
 Light on dark vs dark on light
 Use complementary colours
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83. Make It Clear (Contrast)
 Use contrasting colours
 Light on dark vs dark on light
 Use complementary colours
high contrast
low contrast
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84. Make It Clear (Contrast)
 Use contrasting colours
 Light on dark vs dark on light
 Use complementary colours
This is light on dark
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85. Make It Clear (Contrast)
 Use contrasting colours
 Light on dark vs dark on light
 Use complementary colours
This is dark on light
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86. Make It Clear (Complement)
 Use contrasting colours
Light on dark vs dark on light
Use complementary colours
These colours do not complement
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87. Make It Clear (Complement)
 Use contrasting colours
Light on dark vs dark on light
Use complementary colours
These colours complement
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88. Make It Clear (Size)
 Size implies importance
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89. Make It Clear (Size)
 Size implies importance
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90. Make It Clear (Focal Points)
 Focal points direct attention
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91. Make It Clear (Focal Points)
 Focal points direct attention
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92. BE PROGRESSIVE
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93. Types of Instructional Tools
Discovery
Learning
Individual Social
Constructive Constructive
Tools Tools
Too many in one go!
Mode of Instruction
Guided
Inquiry Informational Tools
Individual Social
Instructive Communicative
Tools Tools
Direct
Instruction
Individual Pair Group
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94. Types of Instructional Tools
Discovery
Learning
Individual Social
Constructive Constructive
Tools Tools
Mode of Instruction
Guided
Informational Tools
Progressive &
Inquiry
Individual Social
thus focused
Instructive
Tools
Communicative
Tools
Direct
Instruction
Individual Pair Group
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95. Understanding Technology
Mouse I/O Error
Main Storage CPU
Function key Too many & not User interface
Software focused Debugger
Floppy disk Backup system

96. Understanding Technology
Mouse I/O Error
Main Storage CPU
Function key Progressive & User interface
Software thus focused Debugger
Floppy disk Backup system

97. BE CONSISTENT
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98. Be Consistent
 Differences draw attention
 Differences may imply importance
 Use surprises to attract not distract
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99. Be Consistent
Differences draw attention
 Differences may imply importance
 Use surprises to attract not distract
This tick draws attention
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100. Be Consistent
Differences draw attention
 Differences may imply importance
o Use surprises to attract not distract
These differences distract!
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101. Be Consistent
 Differences draw attention
• Differences may imply importance
 Use surprises to attract not distract
This implies importance
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102. Be Consistent
 Differences draw attention
• Differences may imply importance
 Use surprises to attract not distract
Confusing differences!
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103. Be Consistent
 Differences draw attention
 Differences may imply importance
 Use surprises to attract not distract
This surprise attracts
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104. Be Consistent
 Differences draw attention
 Differences may imply importance
 Use surprises to attract not distract
These distract!
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105. In Summary
 Big
 Simple
 Clear
 Progressive
 Consistent
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106. When Creating
 Text to support the communication
 Pictures to simplify complex concepts
 Animations for complex relationships
 Visuals to support, not to distract
 Sounds only when absolutely necessary
 Think about the people in the back of the room
when creating slides
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107. When Presenting
 Speak loudly and clearly with fluctuation
 Direct your words to all aspects of the room
 Maintain eye contact with your audience
 Ask questions of your audience
 (if applicable)
 Don’t read the slides word-for-word, use them
for reference
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108. Closing Remarks
 Practice your presentation before a neutral audience
 Ask for feedback
 Be particular about the time allotted for presentation
 Leave time for questions
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109. Discussing the assigned presentations & finalize
the course.

110. THANK YOU !