With the deadline for the MDG targets set to expire in 2015, the United Nations and its Member States have embarked on a process to define a future development agenda. UN Secretary General has called for inclusive broad-based consultations within member states on the priorities for the post-2015 development agenda.
To discuss further on how the Corporates could play a proactive role on MDG framework and post 2015 Development agenda Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in association with UNDP, organizing a half a day workshop on Millennium Development Goals at 0930 hrs on 02 February 2013 in Hyderabad.
2013
An overview of the current process and its implications for UNESCO. Slides from one of the presentations at the General Conference this year during the first two weeks of November when over 190 countries send their delegates to address the business of UNESCO – educational, scientific and cultural.
Millennium Development Goal progress report 2014, The
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were a pledge
to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality and
equity, and free the world from extreme poverty. The
MDGs, with eight goals and a set of measurable timebound
targets, established a blueprint for tackling the
most pressing development challenges of our time. This report examines the latest progress towards
achieving the MDGs. It reaffirms that the MDGs
have made a profound difference in people’s lives.
Global poverty has been halved five years ahead of
the 2015 timeframe. Ninety per cent of children in
developing regions now enjoy primary education, and
disparities between boys and girls in enrolment have
narrowed. Remarkable gains have also been made in
the fight against malaria and tuberculosis, along with
improvements in all health indicators. The likelihood of
a child dying before age five has been nearly cut in half
over the last two decades. That means that about 17,000
children are saved every day. We also met the target
of halving the proportion of people who lack access to
improved sources of water.
Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development Summit; 19-21 August 2014; African ...Nixon Ganduri
Overally, 70% of the South African poor live in Rural Areas (Government of South Africa 2000); where the most primary school completion is on average more than 20% lower, nearly twice as many children suffer from malnutrition, and maternal mortality rates are twice as high when compared with other countries. Some 5% of rural households report no cash income whatsoever. Despite being rural dwellers, more than one million African households have no access to demarcated arable land. While up to 12 % in South Africa depend on state pensions as their only source of cash income. As much as 26% of rural households entirely depend on remittances from urban centers for their cash income. Severe job losses in several industries are likely to have worsened the situation of late. Superimposed on this is the growing impact of HIV/AIDS on rural livelihoods. It is I guess an unfortunate reality that in a country like South Africa in which 20% of the population is HIV positive, 25.6% are unemployed, the sustainability of rural livelihoods is still not considered a priority issue as is meant to be by some stakeholders.
With the deadline for the MDG targets set to expire in 2015, the United Nations and its Member States have embarked on a process to define a future development agenda. UN Secretary General has called for inclusive broad-based consultations within member states on the priorities for the post-2015 development agenda.
To discuss further on how the Corporates could play a proactive role on MDG framework and post 2015 Development agenda Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in association with UNDP, organizing a half a day workshop on Millennium Development Goals at 0930 hrs on 02 February 2013 in Hyderabad.
2013
An overview of the current process and its implications for UNESCO. Slides from one of the presentations at the General Conference this year during the first two weeks of November when over 190 countries send their delegates to address the business of UNESCO – educational, scientific and cultural.
Millennium Development Goal progress report 2014, The
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were a pledge
to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality and
equity, and free the world from extreme poverty. The
MDGs, with eight goals and a set of measurable timebound
targets, established a blueprint for tackling the
most pressing development challenges of our time. This report examines the latest progress towards
achieving the MDGs. It reaffirms that the MDGs
have made a profound difference in people’s lives.
Global poverty has been halved five years ahead of
the 2015 timeframe. Ninety per cent of children in
developing regions now enjoy primary education, and
disparities between boys and girls in enrolment have
narrowed. Remarkable gains have also been made in
the fight against malaria and tuberculosis, along with
improvements in all health indicators. The likelihood of
a child dying before age five has been nearly cut in half
over the last two decades. That means that about 17,000
children are saved every day. We also met the target
of halving the proportion of people who lack access to
improved sources of water.
Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development Summit; 19-21 August 2014; African ...Nixon Ganduri
Overally, 70% of the South African poor live in Rural Areas (Government of South Africa 2000); where the most primary school completion is on average more than 20% lower, nearly twice as many children suffer from malnutrition, and maternal mortality rates are twice as high when compared with other countries. Some 5% of rural households report no cash income whatsoever. Despite being rural dwellers, more than one million African households have no access to demarcated arable land. While up to 12 % in South Africa depend on state pensions as their only source of cash income. As much as 26% of rural households entirely depend on remittances from urban centers for their cash income. Severe job losses in several industries are likely to have worsened the situation of late. Superimposed on this is the growing impact of HIV/AIDS on rural livelihoods. It is I guess an unfortunate reality that in a country like South Africa in which 20% of the population is HIV positive, 25.6% are unemployed, the sustainability of rural livelihoods is still not considered a priority issue as is meant to be by some stakeholders.
The folk and the formula wider annual_lecture_2012_wedsUNU-WIDER
The 2012 WIDER Annual Lecture was given by Professor Lant Pritchett. He discussed the importance of building state capability in developing countries for tackling long-term development challenges.
Environmental change and economic development in africaUNU-WIDER
With CoP21 fast approaching, and given the fact that developing countries are likely to play a greater role than they did six years ago at CoP15, this was a timely and important topic. Using research from our Growth and Poverty Project to lay out the economic progress Africa has made over the last twenty years, my contribution to the forum served to provide a background against which the other discussions could take place.
Finn Tarp's presentation at 'Building synergy and coherence in the implement...UNU-WIDER
Finn Tarp's presentation at 'Building synergy and coherence in the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action in the context of the 2030 Development Agenda'
WIDER Annual Lecture 20 – Martin RavallionUNU-WIDER
Martin Ravallion’s WIDER Annual Lecture focused on the economic and political issues surrounding the use of direct interventions, such as cash transfers and in kind contributions, against poverty. He highlighted two key lessons that are important for policymakers to keep in mind when designing interventions. First, there is too much focus on how policies are targeted, and not enough attention on how effectively policies promote and protect. Second, policymakers should consider how to improve the protection-promotion tradeoff, and look for ways to design policies that allow markets to work better from the perspective of poor people.
Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM) and UNU-WIDER co-organized a seminar to present and discuss the findings of the 2015 Small and Medium Enterprises Survey.
Presentation by: Kasper Brandt, John Rand, Smriti
Sharma, Finn Tarp, and Neda Trifkovic
SDG Workshops of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for Team Building, Leadership Training and Management for All Employees and Company Owners exclusively design for all 17 SDG Advocates by Ambassador Zara Jane Juan, the TV Host, Journalist, Book Author and Public Speaker of Peace Innovation fCAT as immediate SDG Actions of Corporate and Individual Advocates to achieve the 17 goals from now until 2030. To reserve a workshop date, please call her WhatsApp 0945.753.7525 or email: sdgsactions@gmail.com <> wellnesspilipinasinternational@gmail.com and have a 30minute meeting with the author and speaker via zoom to discuss your SDG actions and match the corresponding team building workshop and leadership training or management seminars for your company and organizations
The Millennium Development Goals set out a mutual commitment between developed and developing countries to make sustained progress towards achieving this vision.
Specifically, the Millennium Development Goals aim to reduce poverty, fight disease and hunger, get girls in school and give more people access to safe water. African countries need to make the most progress if they are to meet these Goals.
Finn Tarp - Development aid and economic policy: getting the analytics and gu...UNU-WIDER
Presenting at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs event, Development aid and economic policy - Getting the analytics and guiding principles right, UNU-WIDER Director Finn Tarp delivers his farewell speech on 17 December 2018.
After almost ten years as Director, Finn Tarp will step down from his role at the end of 2019. Under his directorship UNU-WIDER has conducted policy relevant-research on a range of issues at the centre of the UN sustainable development agenda, including finance, food and climate change, and transformation, inclusion and sustainability.
In his farewell lecture Finn Tarp reflects on the work of the ReCom project, discussing how five generations of aid research have finally converged towards a meaningful consensus to the question of whether development aid works, and provides a broad set of principles for future development policy.
Immigration and the Labor Market Outcomes of Natives in Developing Countries:...UNU-WIDER
The presentation discusses the effects that immigration has had on labour market outcomes of native-born black South Africans using South African census data from 2001, 2007, and 2011.
Aid and Growth in Perspective - Lecture by Finn TarpUNU-WIDER
A lecture by Professor Finn Tarp, UNU-WIDER Director, on 5 April 2018 at the Paris Sorbonne Sustainable Development Seminar on the topic ’Aid and Growth in Perspective’.
Development and Poverty in the Sub-Saharan and Northern AfricaUNU-WIDER
Through outlining historical and macro-economic background in African development and looking at structural transformation that has taken place on the continent, implications for policymaking and implementation are offered.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Presentation at University of Luxemburg ‘October Days for Sustainable Development’
1. Research forum on what type of
indicators are most suitable for
policy analysis?
Finn Tarp
2. Background
• The MDGs were established in 2000 following adoption of the United Nations
Millennium Declaration. All 189 countries at the time (today there are 193 countries)
committed to achieve eight goals and 21 targets by 2015
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
• Important progress has been made since 2000
3. Significant poverty reduction
0 20 40 60
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America and the Caribbean
Southern Asia
South-Eastern Asia
Western Asia
Oceania
Caucasus and Central Asia
1990
2008
% of people living on less than $1.25 USD (2005 PPP)
• % of people living on less than
$1.25 a day was halved between
1990 and 2015
• China alone was able to lift 630
million people out of poverty in 25
years
• The proportion of undernourished
people has decreased from 23% in
the 1990s to 15% in 2010
4. Falling under-five mortality rates
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1990 2010
Deaths of children age <5 per 1,000 live births
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Asia
South-Eastern Asia
LAC
5. Significant increase in primary school
enrolments (%)
Region 1990 2010
Boys Girls Boys Girls
Developing world 84 75 91 89
Sub-Saharan Africa 57 50 78 74
Latin America 88 84 96 95
Southern Asia 83 66 94 91
Western Asia 87 79 94 89
6. However, the development job is far from done
• Poverty stubbornly persist
– Still more than 1 billion people live in extreme poverty
– Numbers of people going hungry remain disturbingly high — one in eight worldwide
and one in six children under five is underweight
• Not only access, but access to good quality social services remain a challenge
– Functionally illiterate and innumerate children completing primary education
7. On 25 September 2015, all 193 countries adopted a new ambitious global development agenda,
“Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. It includes 17 goals and 169
targets (and about 304 proposed indicators for monitoring progress)
From MDGs to SDGs
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and
promote sustainable agriculture
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong
learning opportunities for all
13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and
marine resources for sustainable development
6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and
sanitation for all
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and
halt biodiversity loss
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy
for all
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable
development, provide access to justice for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full
and productive employment and decent work for all
17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global
partnership for sustainable development
9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable
industrialization and foster innovation
8. Background
• There are some complex challenges ahead, in particular related to the following:
– How well the selected indicators measure progress on the goals and targets
– What data sources can be used, and how reliable they are
– How to disaggregate the indicators by relevant groups or dimensions
• Let me focus on Goal 1: “End Poverty in all its forms everywhere”, to discuss these
issues in more detail
9. Goal 1: End poverty in all
its forms everywhere
10. Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Targets by 2030
1.1 Eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than
$1.25 a day
1.2 Reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its
dimensions according to national definitions
1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and
achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
1.4 Ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic
resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property,
inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance
1.5 Build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and
vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and
disasters
1a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced
development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in
particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its
dimensions
1b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and
gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions
11. Target 1.1 Eradicate extreme poverty
• Proposed indicator
– Proportion of population below $1.25 (PPP) per day disaggregated by sex and age group
• Issues and challenges
– World Bank poverty line susceptive to changes in PPP factors (PL now set at $1.90 a day)
– Poverty line too low for middle income and high income countries
– Nationally representative household survey data are still limited, irregular and of poor quality in many
developing countries
– A well-coordinated data revolution is needed to improve data collection efforts and harmonize the
content, periodicity and units of measurement of surveys and censuses across countries
– Shall we focus on poverty headcounts or the poverty gap?
12. Target 1.2 Reduce by half poverty in all its
dimensions according to national definitions
• Proposed indicator
– Proportion of population living below national poverty line, disaggregated by sex
and age group
• Issues and challenges
– Relevant for domestic objectives, but inadequate for global or regional monitoring
– Should countries adopt absolute or relative poverty lines?
– Should countries adopt consumption-based poverty lines or multidimensional
approaches?
13. Target 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social
protection systems for all, and achieve substantial
coverage of the poor and vulnerable
• Proposed indicator
– Percentage of population covered by social protection systems, including: a) old age pensions; b)
child support; c) unemployment support; d) disabilities pensions; e) women receiving maternity
benefits at childbirth; f) occupational injury; g) poor and vulnerable people receiving benefits
• Issues and challenges
– Unclear what ‘substantial coverage’ mean: 50%, 70%, 90%?
– Should the targeted population be defined in terms of categories or by poverty focus?
– Unfair target for most LIC countries, as it would be hard for them to adopt social protection systems
– A transfer package of a basic pension + a child focused transfer + unemployment insurance) would
cost for LICs 3-6% of GDP and absorb between 18-40% of government revenues
14. Programme Country Beneficiaries
(in millions)
Income Group
Old Age Pension South Africa 10 Upper middle income
Child Support Grant South Africa 9.5 Upper middle income
Productive Safety Net Program Ethiopia 8.2 Low income
Expanded Public Works Programme:
Phase 2
South Africa 5 Upper middle income
Improving Livelihood Through Public
Works Programme
Malawi 2.7 Low income
Disability grant South Africa 1.5 Upper middle income
Protracted Relief Programme Zimbabwe 1.5 Low income
Food Subsidy Programme Mozambique 0.7 Low income
Old Age Grant Namibia 0.65 Upper middle income
Old Age Pension Botswana 0.60 Upper middle income
Sub-total 40.3
Other 32 pilots 3
TOTAL sub-Saharan Africa 43
Largest transfers programs in SSA are in MICs
Source: Barrientos and Niño-Zarazúa (2011)
15. Target 1.4 Ensure that all people have equal rights to economic resources,
access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of
property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and
financial services, including microfinance
• Proposed indicators
– Proportion of the population living in households with access to basic services
– Share of women among agricultural land owners by age and location (Urban/Rural)
• Issues and challenges
– What does ‘basic services’ actually mean?
– The target covers issues of different nature, so more indicators may be needed to cover all its dimensions,
however, because of its diversity, it is unclear how the overall target could be measured
– Lessons from MDGs indicate that it is not only access, but the quality of basic services that matters
– Diversity in legal property laws on natural resources across countries (and even states, provinces) would make
difficult to harmonize indicators of ownership. Here the issue is not ownership but the way revenues from such
resources are distributed.
16. Target 1.5 Build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations
and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events
and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters
• Proposed indicator
– Number of deaths, missing people, injured, relocated or evacuated due to disasters per 100,000
people
• Issues and challenges
– What does ‘disasters’ actually mean in this context? Is it from natural disasters, conflict and war,
crime, economic crises?
– Indicator focuses on ex-post events but does not build on data on ex-ante measures such as
exposure and resilience to risks
– It would require building and strengthening the capacity of governments to collect administrative data
and set measures of accessibility, transparency and independence.
17. Target 1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of
sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to
provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in
particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies
to end poverty in all its dimensions
• Proposed indicator
– Share of total overall government spending (incl. subnational) on programs directed to bottom 40% of population
of country
• Issues and challenges
– Intricate to identify programs directed to the bottom 40%. For example, spending on education and health care are
not targeted at the poor per se, although they are critical for development (and absorb a large share of
government expenditure)
– The relative nature of this indicator means that its effectiveness will depend on the shape of the income
distribution. An absolute indicator could complement the information on this target
– The proposed indicator does not capture any effort or capacity to collect revenues by sources
– Data on government expenditure disaggregated by levels of government remains very limited, particularly in LICs
18. Target 1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and
international levels, based on pro-poor and gender sensitive development
strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions.
• Proposed indicator
– Number of national action plans related to multi-lateral environmental agreements that support
accelerated investment in actions that eradicate poverty and sustainably use natural resources
• Issues and challenges
– Number of action plans per se does not translate into policy reforms (developing countries have
plenty of well written plans with no actual reforms)
– The proposed indicator does not capture any progress on pro-poor or gender sensitive policies
19. Concluding remarks
• Besides the work ahead on the goals and targets, a data revolution is needed to
– Improve the local capacity to collect HH survey data (only 60 countries collect nationally
representative HH survey data on a regular basis)
– Coordinate and harmonise the content, periodicity and units of measurement of survey and
census data
• Autonomy of National Statistical Offices would be desirable to ensure quality and
reliability of data
• Funding to build administrative, tax registry and government expenditure data
collection capacity is needed to formulate policies and monitor goals and targets
(Only about 0.13% of foreign aid goes to National Statistical Offices)
20. Concluding remarks
• International household survey initiatives (e.g. LSMS, DHS,
MICS) have contributed greatly to knowledge generation, but
more work is needed to improve efforts towards data
harmonization with national NSOs (panel dimension)
• Technological innovations and methods can reduce the costs
of data collection efforts but they are still large
• Can these resources be mobilised?
For the first time since 1990, people living on less than $1.25 has fallen in every region, including sub-Saharan Africa:
From 47% (or 2billion people) in 1990 to 24% (1.4billion people) in 2008
Estimates predict that that the target of cutting extreme poverty by half will be achieved by 2015
The under-five mortality rate in developing countries has fallen from 97 to 80 per 1000 live births between 1990 and 2010 – from 12m to 7.6m
Sub-Saharan Africa—the region with the highest level of under-five mortality—has doubled the rate of child mortality reduction
Significant progress towards universal primary education
School enrolment in primary and secondary education increased in sub-Saharan Africa, from 54% in 1990 to 76% in 2010, despite rapid population growth
Girls have greatly benefited: the gender gap in school enrolment has come down significantly
Note: To point out that due to time limitations the presentation will focus on Goal 1 (End poverty in all its forms everywhere), which also intersects with many other goals
Note: The list of proposals contains suggestions for global indicators based on inputs from international agencies. It also presents the assessment made by countries of the indicators that were suggested in February 2015 on the basis of three criteria (feasibility, suitability and relevance). They provide a starting point for the deliberations of the Inter-agency and Expert Group on SDGs to identify the most appropriate indicators under the goals and targets, taking into account the relevant criteria for the selection of indicators, as well as the need for the coherent and comprehensive measurement of all goals and targets and the need to limit the number of global indicators.
In 2010, 414 million people were living in extreme poverty across sub-Saharan Africa. According to the World Bank, those living on $1.25-a-day accounted for 48.5 percent of the population in that region in 2010. Approximately one in three people living in sub-Saharan Africa are undernourished.
Less than 10% of the sub-Saharan African population in poverty is covered by social assistance