- UNU-WIDER's research focuses on transformation, inclusion, and sustainability in developing countries, especially regarding Africa's growth and poverty reduction, gender equity, and aid effectiveness.
- Research projects include studies of growth and poverty in Africa, industrial development in Africa and Asia, state capability and structural transformation, and measuring poverty.
- Analysis of growth and poverty trends in 16 African countries found relatively rapid growth and poverty reduction in some, growth with limited reduction in others, and stagnation in others. However, structural transformation remains slow and employment and agriculture lag.
Development and Poverty in the Sub-Saharan and Northern AfricaUNU-WIDER
Through outlining historical and macro-economic background in African development and looking at structural transformation that has taken place on the continent, implications for policymaking and implementation are offered.
Launch of Growth and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa BookUNU-WIDER
On 22 April 2016 UNU-WIDER visits the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency to launch the new open access book Growth and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. Resulting from UNU-WIDER’s project on ’Reconciling Africa’s growth, poverty and inequality trends: growth and poverty’— the book provides a comprehensive re-examination of Africa’s growth, poverty and inequality trends. While the economic growth renaissance in sub-Saharan Africa is widely recognized, much less is known about progress in living conditions. This book comprehensively evaluates trends in living conditions in 16 major sub-Saharan African countries, corresponding to nearly 75% of the total population.
Development and Poverty in the Sub-Saharan and Northern AfricaUNU-WIDER
Through outlining historical and macro-economic background in African development and looking at structural transformation that has taken place on the continent, implications for policymaking and implementation are offered.
Launch of Growth and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa BookUNU-WIDER
On 22 April 2016 UNU-WIDER visits the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency to launch the new open access book Growth and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. Resulting from UNU-WIDER’s project on ’Reconciling Africa’s growth, poverty and inequality trends: growth and poverty’— the book provides a comprehensive re-examination of Africa’s growth, poverty and inequality trends. While the economic growth renaissance in sub-Saharan Africa is widely recognized, much less is known about progress in living conditions. This book comprehensively evaluates trends in living conditions in 16 major sub-Saharan African countries, corresponding to nearly 75% of the total population.
Finn Tarp: A High Five to the AfDB: WIDER commentsUNU-WIDER
Finn Tarp's comments at the seminar discussion 'Unlocking Africa's development potential - how to translate economic growth into development goals’ in Helsinki on 9 June 2016.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 48 on “Strengthening rural livelihoods in the face of rapid urbanisation in Africa” took place on 20th March 2017 from 14:00 to 18:00, at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C). This Briefing was co-organised by CTA, BMZ/GIZ, the ACP Secretariat, European Commission (DG DEVCO) and Concord
Environmental change and economic development in africaUNU-WIDER
With CoP21 fast approaching, and given the fact that developing countries are likely to play a greater role than they did six years ago at CoP15, this was a timely and important topic. Using research from our Growth and Poverty Project to lay out the economic progress Africa has made over the last twenty years, my contribution to the forum served to provide a background against which the other discussions could take place.
Climate resilience and job prospects for young people in agricultureIFPRI-PIM
Climate change matters for all people. Does it matter particularly for young people? If so, where and how?
PIM Webinar, February 7, 2019.
Presenters: Karen Brooks, Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University and Keith Wiebe, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI.
For more information, slides, and podcast visit http://bit.ly/CRJYwebr
How the world views migration - by IOM Global Migration Data Analysis CentreICMPD
"How the World Views Migration" is also about the potential role of diasporas in shaping public opinion on migration. There is a strong influence of public opinion on migration policymaking. Public attitudes towards migration affect migrants (in origin/destination countries) - Migration management includes managing perceptions of migration.
Even It Up - Time to End Extreme Inequality: Comments by Dean JolliffeWB_Research
Comments prepared for launch event of “Even it Up: Time to End Extreme Poverty”
IMF, October 31, 2014.
The views represented in these comments are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank.
The use of opinion polls data in the Arab Human Development Report 2016Economic Research Forum
Jad Chaaban- American University of Beirut
ERF Training Workshop on Opinion Poll Data Analysis Using Multilevel Models
Beirut, Lebanon August 22-23, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
Current state of migration in the Mediterranean - Nov 2016 by OECDICMPD
The OECD presents seven migration challenges and opportunities:
1. Continuing emigration from MENA to OECD countries
2. Existence of large diasporas in the OECD
3. Return migration to MENA countries
4. International students
5. Remittances
6. Transit migration in MENA countries
7. Emerging permanent immigration to MENA countries
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM) and UNU-WIDER co-organized a seminar to present and discuss the findings of the 2015 Small and Medium Enterprises Survey.
Presentation by: Kasper Brandt, John Rand, Smriti
Sharma, Finn Tarp, and Neda Trifkovic
Finn Tarp: A High Five to the AfDB: WIDER commentsUNU-WIDER
Finn Tarp's comments at the seminar discussion 'Unlocking Africa's development potential - how to translate economic growth into development goals’ in Helsinki on 9 June 2016.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 48 on “Strengthening rural livelihoods in the face of rapid urbanisation in Africa” took place on 20th March 2017 from 14:00 to 18:00, at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C). This Briefing was co-organised by CTA, BMZ/GIZ, the ACP Secretariat, European Commission (DG DEVCO) and Concord
Environmental change and economic development in africaUNU-WIDER
With CoP21 fast approaching, and given the fact that developing countries are likely to play a greater role than they did six years ago at CoP15, this was a timely and important topic. Using research from our Growth and Poverty Project to lay out the economic progress Africa has made over the last twenty years, my contribution to the forum served to provide a background against which the other discussions could take place.
Climate resilience and job prospects for young people in agricultureIFPRI-PIM
Climate change matters for all people. Does it matter particularly for young people? If so, where and how?
PIM Webinar, February 7, 2019.
Presenters: Karen Brooks, Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University and Keith Wiebe, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI.
For more information, slides, and podcast visit http://bit.ly/CRJYwebr
How the world views migration - by IOM Global Migration Data Analysis CentreICMPD
"How the World Views Migration" is also about the potential role of diasporas in shaping public opinion on migration. There is a strong influence of public opinion on migration policymaking. Public attitudes towards migration affect migrants (in origin/destination countries) - Migration management includes managing perceptions of migration.
Even It Up - Time to End Extreme Inequality: Comments by Dean JolliffeWB_Research
Comments prepared for launch event of “Even it Up: Time to End Extreme Poverty”
IMF, October 31, 2014.
The views represented in these comments are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank.
The use of opinion polls data in the Arab Human Development Report 2016Economic Research Forum
Jad Chaaban- American University of Beirut
ERF Training Workshop on Opinion Poll Data Analysis Using Multilevel Models
Beirut, Lebanon August 22-23, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
Current state of migration in the Mediterranean - Nov 2016 by OECDICMPD
The OECD presents seven migration challenges and opportunities:
1. Continuing emigration from MENA to OECD countries
2. Existence of large diasporas in the OECD
3. Return migration to MENA countries
4. International students
5. Remittances
6. Transit migration in MENA countries
7. Emerging permanent immigration to MENA countries
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM) and UNU-WIDER co-organized a seminar to present and discuss the findings of the 2015 Small and Medium Enterprises Survey.
Presentation by: Kasper Brandt, John Rand, Smriti
Sharma, Finn Tarp, and Neda Trifkovic
Keynote: Growth, Structural Transformation and DevelopmentUNU-WIDER
Keynote at The Third Voice of Social Sciences Conference (VSS) on Industrialization and Social Transformation University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 24-25 November 2016
Finn Tarp's presentation at 'Building synergy and coherence in the implement...UNU-WIDER
Finn Tarp's presentation at 'Building synergy and coherence in the implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action in the context of the 2030 Development Agenda'
The African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) in collaboration with the African Development Bank (AfDB) will host the nineteenth Senior Policy Seminar (SPS XIX) on March 13 – 14, 2017 in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.
Report Presentation
Sheryl Hendriks, Professor of Food Security, Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria
No case study: Whither the coal face for viability of Southern African media?Jude Mathurine
The general economic challenges for media viability in Southern African Development Community. Based on a presentation submitted at the 2018 World Media Economics and Management Conference, Cape Town.
The developmental state the nature of statal policy and institutional refor...Costy Costantinos
How can a developmental state emerge?
What are its characteristics and functions?
Is the model recommended for all African countries?
Did the concept evolve into solid development theory so far?
Who determines public interests? How are they articulated and aggregated?
How do we ensure it can effectively guide economic transformation and development?
How can we ensure that it is accountable and that it acts in the interest of its citizens?
Yaw Adu-Gyamfi-how Africa fared with the MDGs- should Africa bother with the ...Yaw Adu-Gyamfi
Globally, there have been a reduction in poverty levels and diseases with the adoption and implementation on the global millennium development goals from year 2000 to 2015. In September 2015, the world gathered to adopt yet another set of goals, this time 17 sustainable development goals with 169 indicators for the next 15 years. The presentation delivered at IMANI Ghana organized Students and Young Professionals African Liberty Academy-SYPALA at the University of Ghana businesses school, tried to answer the question of "how Africa fared with the MDGs and whether Africa should bother with the new SDGs.
Research presentation: ReCom – what works in Foreign AidUNU-WIDER
The Director of UNU-WIDER, Finn Tarp and Rachel Gisselquist, Research Fellow at UNU-WIDER, gave a presentation 'ReCom – what works in Foreign Aid' at The Finnish Foreign Ministry’s Planning Day of the Ministry’s Advisory Unit.
Body Code Animation Visualizing the Code of LifeBya.docxjasoninnes20
Body Code Animation:
Visualizing the Code of Life
By
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The Millennium Development Goals Report
2015
UNITED NATIONS
Cover Inside
This report is based on a master set of data that has been compiled by the Inter-Agency and Expert
Group on MDG Indicators led by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United nations
Secretariat, in response to the wishes of the General Assembly for periodic assessment of progress
towards the MDGs. The Group comprises representatives of the international organizations whose
activities include the preparation of one or more of the series of statistical indicators that were identified as
appropriate for monitoring progress towards the MDGs, as reflected in the list below. A number of national
statisticians and outside expert advisers also contributed.
ECOnOMIC AnD SOCIAL COMMISSIOn FOR ASIA AnD THE PACIFIC
ECOnOMIC AnD SOCIAL COMMISSIOn FOR WESTERn ASIA
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR AFRICA
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR EUROPE
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR LATIn AMERICA AnD THE CARIBBEAn
FOOD AnD AGRICULTURE ORGAnIZATIOn OF THE UnITED nATIOnS
InTERnATIOnAL LABOUR ORGAnIZATIOn
InTERnATIOnAL MOnETARY FUnD
InTERnATIOnAL TELECOMMUnICATIOn UnIOn
InTERnATIOnAL TRADE CEnTRE
InTER-PARLIAMEnTARY UnIOn
JOInT UnITED nATIOnS PROGRAMME On HIV/AIDS
ORGAnISATIOn FOR ECOnOMIC CO-OPERATIOn AnD DEVELOPMEnT
SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUnITY
THE WORLD BAnK
UnITED nATIOnS CHILDREn’S FUnD
UnITED nATIOnS COnFEREnCE On TRADE AnD DEVELOPMEnT
UnITED nATIOnS DEVELOPMEnT PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS EDUCATIOnAL, SCIEnTIFIC AnD CULTURAL ORGAnIZATIOn
UnITED nATIOnS EnTITY FOR GEnDER EQUALITY AnD THE EMPOWERMEnT OF WOMEn - Un WOMEn
UnITED nATIOnS EnVIROnMEnT PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS FRAMEWORK COnVEnTIOn On CLIMATE CHAnGE
UnITED nATIOnS HIGH COMMISSIOnER FOR REFUGEES
UnITED nATIOnS HUMAn SETTLEMEnTS PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS InDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMEnT ORGAnIZATIOn
UnITED nATIOnS POPULATIOn FUnD
WORLD HEALTH ORGAnIZATIOn
WORLD TRADE ORGAnIZATIOn
The Millennium Development Goals Report
2015
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United nations
new York, 2015
Foreword | 3
Foreword
The global mobilization behind the Millennium
Development Goals has produced the most successful
anti-poverty movement in history. The landmark
commitment entered into by world leaders in the year
2000—to “spare no effort to free our fellow men,
women and children from the abject and dehumanizing
conditions of extreme poverty”—was translated into
an inspiring framework of eight goals and, then, into
wide-ranging practical steps that have enabled people
across the world to improve their lives and their future
prospects. The MDGs helped to lift more than one billion
people out of extreme poverty, to make inroads against
hunger, to enable more girls to attend school than ever
before and to protect our planet. They generated new
and innovative partnerships, galvanized public opinion
and showed the immense value of setting ambitious ...
Finn Tarp - Development aid and economic policy: getting the analytics and gu...UNU-WIDER
Presenting at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs event, Development aid and economic policy - Getting the analytics and guiding principles right, UNU-WIDER Director Finn Tarp delivers his farewell speech on 17 December 2018.
After almost ten years as Director, Finn Tarp will step down from his role at the end of 2019. Under his directorship UNU-WIDER has conducted policy relevant-research on a range of issues at the centre of the UN sustainable development agenda, including finance, food and climate change, and transformation, inclusion and sustainability.
In his farewell lecture Finn Tarp reflects on the work of the ReCom project, discussing how five generations of aid research have finally converged towards a meaningful consensus to the question of whether development aid works, and provides a broad set of principles for future development policy.
Immigration and the Labor Market Outcomes of Natives in Developing Countries:...UNU-WIDER
The presentation discusses the effects that immigration has had on labour market outcomes of native-born black South Africans using South African census data from 2001, 2007, and 2011.
Aid and Growth in Perspective - Lecture by Finn TarpUNU-WIDER
A lecture by Professor Finn Tarp, UNU-WIDER Director, on 5 April 2018 at the Paris Sorbonne Sustainable Development Seminar on the topic ’Aid and Growth in Perspective’.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
1. Growth and Poverty in Africa
Presentation at REPOA 21st Annual Conference
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 6-7 April 2016
By Finn Tarp
2. UNU-WIDER’s 2014-18 Research Programme
• 3 Challenges
– Transformation
– Inclusion
– Sustainability
• 3 Concerns
– Africa’s inclusive growth
– Gender equity
– Aid effectiveness
• 3 Audiences
– Decision-makers in developing countries
– International agencies, both bilateral and multilateral
– Global research community
3. WIDER Supported Research Volumes
• Growth and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Oxford University Press, edited by Channing Arndt, Andy McKay and Finn Tarp
• Made in Africa: The Brookings Press, by Carol Newman, John Page, John Rand, Abebe Shimeles, Måns Söderbom, and Finn Tarp
• Manufacturing Transformation: Comparative Studies of Industrial Development in Africa and Emerging Asia: Oxford University Press, edited by
Carol Newman, John Page, John Rand, Abebe Shimeles, Måns Söderbom, and Finn Tarp
Forthcoming in 2016:
• Beating the Odds: Jumpstarting and Sustaining Inclusive Structural Transformation: Princeton University Press, by Celestin Monga and Justin Lin
(see also Justin Lin’s WIDER Annual Lecture)
• Measuring Poverty and Wellbeing in Developing Countries: Oxford University Press, edited by Channing Arndt and Finn Tarp
• The Practice of Industrial Policy: Oxford University Press, edited by John Page and Finn Tarp
• Africa’s Lions: The Brookings Press, edited by Haroon Bhorat and Finn Tarp
• Growth, Structural Transformation and Rural Change in Vietnam: A Rising Dragon on the Move: Oxford University Press, edited by Finn Tarp
• Building State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action: by Matt Andrews, Lant Pritchett, and Michael Woolcock, Oxford University Press (see also
Pritchett’s WIDER Annual Lecture)
• A LOT MORE: see https://www.wider.unu.edu/publications and https://www.wider.unu.edu/ including UNU-WIDER-REPOA collaboration,
a series of special issues of journals and stand alone articles
4. Africa
• The Economist (11 May 2000): Hopeless Africa
• The Independent (15 July 2009): Africa – the lost
continent
• The Economist (3 December 2011): The hopeful
continent – Africa rising
• A recent Afrobarometer survey suggests that ‘despite
high reported growth rates, lived poverty at the
grassroots remains little changed’ (Dulani et al. 2013);
and others even question the growth revival referring to
poor data
5. WIDER’s Growth and Poverty Project (GAPP)
• GAPP implemented 16 carefully designed country case studies among the 24
most populous countries in Africa [covering almost 75% of the population of the
region and 9 of the top 10 countries]
– Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania,
Zambia, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Madagascar, South Africa, DRC
– Conducted by analysts with expert knowledge of the context and strengths and weaknesses
of the available data
• Focus on monetary and non-monetary indicators of well-being
• Key message: There is a lot to celebrate in African development – yet key
challenges remain
– By 2013 GDP/capita was only 7.7% higher than in 1974
– So two cheers, but not three
6. • Measuring Poverty and
Wellbeing in
Developing Countries
• Oxford University Press
• Edited by Channing
Arndt and Finn Tarp
7. Learning to Compete (L2C)
• A four year WIDER, Brookings and AfDB research programme, which offers a
comprehensive, comparative, cross-country analysis of Africa’s industrialization
experience
– Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Tunesia, Cambodia,
Vietnam
– By teams of national and international researchers
• Focus: Why is there so little industry in Africa; does it matter; and what can be done
about it?
• Key message: changes in the global economy offer a window of opportunity – but
business as usual is not enough; only with a more strategic approach to industrial
development and a strong commitment of the region’s political leadership can Africa
industrialize.
8. Ending Up Where it Started
Africa has deindustrialized since the 1980s
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
PercentofGDP
9. • The practice of
industrial policy (OUP)
• Case studies of
government-business
relationships
• Edited by John Page and
Finn Tarp
10. • Special Issue of Journal of
African Economies
• Learning from exporting
• Edited by Måns Söderbom
11. L2C Conference – Industrial development and policy in Africa
www1.wider.unu.edu/L2Cconf
14. Summing-Up
• Progress in SSA has been markedly better than most expected 15 or 20 years ago
• Relative to previous periods, macroeconomic management has improved
significantly; a new generation of policy makers and business leaders have entered
the scene; and important gains have been registered in four key areas:
– Overall political stability (more democratic and accountable governments)
– Rates of economic growth
– A large array of non-monetary poverty indicators; and
– Monetary poverty as measured by household consumption
• Commodity prices played a role; yet there is a lot more going on: durable factors of
physical, human and institutional accumulation are at play
15. Summing-Up on Growth and Poverty Reduction for 16
Countries: Four Categories
• Relatively rapid economic growth and corresponding poverty reduction:
Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Rwanda, and Uganda
• Relatively rapid economic growth and limited poverty reduction:
Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zambia
• Uninspiring or negative economic growth with corresponding stagnation
or increasing poverty: Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Madagascar, and
South Africa
• Low-information countries: DRC
16. Outstanding Challenges and a Thorny Dilemma
• Structural transformation slow
• Jobs and employment creation lagging
• Agriculture and industrialization constrained
• A long walk to prosperity: recall T x G = 69
• Demographic projections (2015-2050): from 7.3 to 9.7 billion, and
Africa’s population is set to double to 2.5 billion [bigger than both China
and India and Nigeria > US]
• In other words: a lot more policy action and finance in Africa is needed
17. UN High-Level Panel Report on the Post-2015
Development Agenda
• Calls for:
• “..A quantum leap forward in economic opportunities
and a profound economic transformation to end
extreme poverty and improve livelihoods…”
• How can aid help?
• Aid to social sectors builds human capital BUT being
educated & healthy is not enough
18. What will happen to aid allocation post-2015?
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Social Sectors
Economic Infrastructure
Production Sectors
Environment, Gender,
Rural-Urban Development
19. 2030 SDG Agenda
• Aid helps economic growth (overall). BUT:
• To achieve the HLP ‘quantum leap’ it must support:
• Structural transformation – industrial policy & don’t just focus on SMEs
• Creation of ‘good jobs’ – donors pay too little attention to employment – fragmented
livelihood projects
• State capability and legitimacy – support domestic capability and legitimacy to deliver like a
state, not just look like a state
• Gender equity at scale – rhetoric, but too-small-scale
• Infrastructure – use aid to leverage private capital (e.g. AfDB Africa50 fund). Recall Climate
change challenge
• Aid to agriculture – slumped & still too low (esp. crop research). IFAD & AfDB ‘going to scale’
20. Need: Research not Rhetoric
• Ask an engineer: do bridges work?
• Bridges work - when well-designed & built
• Ask a development expert: does aid work?
• Aid can work – when well-designed & implemented
• Instead of rhetoric – nothing works in development, nor in aid, & we
can never know what works & why (= “all bridges fail, & will continue to
fail”)…
• … find out: what works? What could work? What is scalable? What is
transferrable?
23. Key Messages
• No simple mapping between poor countries and poor people. Both
development economists and development practitioners need to unbundle
poverty on a country-by-country basis, looking for its deeper causes and
policy solutions
• Finding ways to accelerate structural change in poor economies can have a
high payoff in terms of employment growth and poverty reduction
• Investments in infrastructure and enhancement of firm capabilities are likely
to be crucial in creating more ‘ good ’ jobs
• Agriculture remains a focus for the livelihoods of the poor – and needs more
donor ambition, scale, and less project fragmentation
Donor efforts in the social sectors have been highly successful – especially in the areas of health and education.
However, for the movement of labour from the agricultural sector to the non-farm economy donors need to be more closely involved in the agricultural and industrial policies.
Measured as % of total aid flows, social sectors have increased from just above 5% of total aid flows in the late 1960s, to around 40% in 2011.
In real terms, aid to social sectors has increased from an average of about 2 billion USD in the 1960s to about 50 billion in the 2000s (in 2011 it reached 64 billion USD)
What does explain that trend?
First, a shift in donor priorities, moving from a strong focus on building infrastructure in the 1970s and 1980s (physical capital) towards investing in human capital (education, health and water and sanitation). This has been explained by a better understanding of the role human capital in the process of social and economic development