SPI is a serial bus standard established by Motorola and supported in silicon products from various manufacturers.
It is a synchronous serial data link that operates in full duplex (signals carrying data go in both directions simultaneously).
Devices communicate using a master/slave relationship, in which the master initiates the data frame. When the master generates a clock and selects a slave device, data may be transferred in either or both directions simultaneously.
This presentation discusses the Serial Communication features in 8051, the support for UART. It also discusses serial vs parallel communication, simplex, duplex and full-duplex modes, MAX232, RS232 standards
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
SPI is a serial bus standard established by Motorola and supported in silicon products from various manufacturers.
It is a synchronous serial data link that operates in full duplex (signals carrying data go in both directions simultaneously).
Devices communicate using a master/slave relationship, in which the master initiates the data frame. When the master generates a clock and selects a slave device, data may be transferred in either or both directions simultaneously.
This presentation discusses the Serial Communication features in 8051, the support for UART. It also discusses serial vs parallel communication, simplex, duplex and full-duplex modes, MAX232, RS232 standards
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. • Serial communication system:-
• Serial communication in 8051 microcontroller will allow the
controller to send and receive data’s just by using two pins.
• The 8051 have on-chip UART.
• The 8051 has a duplex port that can transmit and receive data
simultaneously.
• VARIOUS MODES OF SERIAL PORTS
3. SBUF REGISTER:-
• The serial data is transmitted by writing to the SBUF register while data is
received by reading the same register
• Internal RAM address of SBUF regards in 8051 is 99H
6. • SM0 and SM1: But selects mode
• SM2: Bit is used when multi-microcontrollers share the same interface
• REN: Bit enables data receiving via serial communication and must be
set during data reception.
• TB8: This bit is used in mode 2 and 3 to send as a 9th bit with 8 bit serial
data
• RB8: This bit is used in mode 2 and 3 to receive 9th bit with 8 bit serial
data
• T1: Bit is automatically set when an entire byte has been transmitted
• R1: Bit is automatically set when an entire byte has been received
7. PCON REGISTER:-
• The SFR PCON register is an 8 bit register
• The D7 bit of PCON register is used in serial communication
• Hence using D7 bit we can double the baud rate of the serial communication
8. MODE 0 OF UART:-
• In mode 0, serial data are transmitted and received through the RXD pin, while the TXD pin
output clocks. The baud rate is fixed at 1/12 the oscillator frequency. On transmit, the least
significant bit (LSB bit) is sent/received first.
• When the data has been written to the SBUF register the data transmission automatically
starts on the pin RXD after any instruction being performed on this register.
• When all 8 bits have been sent, the bit T1 in SCON register is automatically set.
• At receiver side receiver starts data receiving through the pin RXD when two necessary
conditions are met i.e. bit REN=1 and R1=0 of the SCON register.
• After 8 bits have been received, the bit T1 of register SCON is automatically set, which
indicates byte is received.
• The SBUF register contain only 8 bit data except START and STOP bits or any other bit.
9.
10. MODE 1 OF UART:-
• In mode 1, 10 bits are transmitted through the TXD pin or received through the RXD
pin in the following manner: a START bit (always 0), 8 data bits (LSB first) and a STOP bit
(always 1). The START bit is only used to initiate data receive, while the STOP bit is
automatically written to the RB8 bit of the SCON register.
• When the data is written to the SBUF register the data transmission automatically starts
on the pin RXD after any instruction being performed on this register
• When all 8 bits have been sent, the bit T1 in the SCON register is automatically set
• Receiver starts data receiving when START bit appears on RXD pin when two necessary
conditions are met i.e. bit REN =1 and R1=0 of the SCON register
• The R1 bit is automatically set after receiving of byte is completed
11.
12. MODE 2 OF UART :-
• Mode 2. In mode 2, 11 bits are transmitted through the TXD pin or received through
the RXD pin: a START bit (always 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit
and a STOP bit (always 1). On transmit, the 9th data bit is actually the TB8 bit of the
SCON register.
• Upon transmission, the 9th data bit is copied to the RB8 bit in the same register
(SCON). The baud rate is either 1/32 or 1/64 of the quartz oscillator frequency.
• When the data has been written to the SBUF register the data transmission
automatically starts on the pin RXD after any instruction being performed on the
register.
• When all 8 bits have been sent, the bit T1 in the SCON register is automatically set
13. • Receiver starts data receiving when START bit appears on RXD pin when two
necessary conditions are met i.e. bit REN=1 and R1=0 of the SCON register.
• The R1 bit is automatically set after receiving of byte is completed.
14.
15. MODE 3 OF UART:-
• In Mode 3, 11 bits are sent through TXD or received through RXD: a start bit, 8
data bits, additional 9th data bit and a STOP bit last
• On transmit: the 9th data bit is actually the TB8 bit from the SCON register
• Upon transmission, the 9th data bit is copied to the RB8 bit in the same register.
The baud rate is variable and can be selected using timer 1
• When the data has been written to the SBUF register the data transmission
automatically starts on the pin RXD after any instruction being performed on the
register.
16. • When all 8 bits have been sent, the bit T1 in the SCON register is automatically
set
• Receiver starts data receiving when START bit appears on RXD pin when two
necessary conditions are met i.e. bit REN=1 and R1=0 of the SCON register.
• The R1 bit is automatically set after receiving of byte is completed.
17.
18. APPLICATION
• Console i/o. …
• Data communications. …
• External device communication. …
• Peripheral communication bridge. …
• Firmware download. …
• Debugging interface. …
• Using the Modem status lines as GPIO
19. ADVANTAGES:
• It uses less number of conducting wires,
• reduces cost of the interface.
• It supports long distance data communication
20. DISADVANTAGES
• It uses less number of lines for transmission between devices.
• it supports slower speed of transmission
21. CONCLUSION:
• A serial port connection can be used for inter-processor communication within a
system or for communication with different parts of a system. The serial port
provides the physical connection between the equipment but a communication
protocol has to used to ensure a reliable, error-free data path
