Presentation 11: Managing intensive systems and water quality in AHPND environment (Mr Scott Horton, Mexico)

FAO TCP/INT/3502 “Reducing and managing the risk of
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) of Cultured Shrimp”
Managing Intensive Systems
and Water Quality in
EMS/AHPND Environments
Scott Edward Horton
scott.horton@gbpo.com.mx
guategringo@gmail.com
6/24/2015
International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses”
22-24 June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City 1

6/24/2015
International Technical Seminar/Workshop “EMS/AHPND:
Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses”
2
“Man seems to insist on ignoring the lessons available from history.” – Norman Borlaug
First the basics:
We sell shrimp!
To sell shrimp, you need:
Size, Quantity,
Date
No excuses

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We need:
CONTROL

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The introduction of AHPNS to the Americas has once again
emphasized the vulnerability of traditional culture systems
and the need for a new production model for the 21st century.
NO CONTROL
No surprise

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Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Aceptance/Hope-Rebirth
Acceptance of EMS =
5 steps of mourning (Dra. E. Kubler-Ross)

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5 PANDEMICS IN 23 YEARS
Minor Diseases
Microsporidians
Gregarinas
Streptococcus
Vibriosis
Rickettsia
1990 – IHHNV : Impact, Minimum
1995 – TSV : Impact, Important
1997 – NHP : Impact, Important
2001 – WSSV : Impact, Major
2013 – AHPNS : Impact, Catastrophic
20?? - Enterocytozoon hepatopenae (EHP)
Covert Mortality Noda Virus (CMNV)
Something New

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Why are we in this situation?
México failed to avoid the introduction.
Not given the importance – Nobody imagined
the socio-economic impact.
OBSOLETE CULTURE METHODS
Design, Management, Genetics

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So, we know:
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio has world-wide distribution in tropical and sub-tropical
waters.
Vibrio is not new, disease problema for 30 years in farms and
hatcheries.

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“The solution is operational, get to work” – A. Debeausset

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Complicated Problem/Learn-Understand

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Dont wait for a magic bullet
Practical Solutions
There is no cure or treatment
The solution will evolve with time
What to do?
What works?

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Quarantine
Examples: Tamaulipas, Belize
Biosecurity
EMS is bacteria, not virus
Raw shrimp
Raw shrimp feeds
Live probiotics
Postlarva Certification
Honesty
Colaboración

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First Clue:
Intensive Nursery Systems

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Visionaries in Mexico:
11 Diciembre Llaos
Gran Kino Rio Azul
Bocamar Chanilama
Genitech
Grupo Palma NASE
Selecta Samalayuca
Grupo Soles San Fabian

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“Yes” – Donald Lightner (answer when asked if there is EMS/AHPND in Mexico)
What do they have in common?
1) Biosecurity
2) Monitor for Vibrio
Water, animals, pl
Culture or PCR with AP3, AP4

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3) Excellent Management Practices
4) Trained, Motivated Staff

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5) Focus on wáter quality
Probiotics
Bacterial diversity
Treated or well wáter
Beneficial algae, no blue-greens

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6) Focus on clean bottom

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6) Nutrition
a) High quality feeds: Formulation,
Ingredients, Manufacture
b) Correct size particle
c) Correct quantities
d) Frequency of application

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Successful Systems in Use:
Many paths to biological success
Exchange/No Exchange
Recirculation/No recirculation
Biofloc/Mixed
Raceway/Circular/Square
Suspension/Elimination

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Why do they work to supress EMS?:
Control
Small Tanks; < 5000 m3
Treated or well water
Constant Conditions
High oxigen levels
Artificial Feed
Directed Feeding
Clean Bottoms
Biosecurity

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Examples of Success
Aeration Central Bacterial
System
Biomass (kg/m3)
No. Type m3 hp/10000 m3 Type Exchange Drain Stock Parcial Final Sur. FCR
1 square 1200 75 Blower, PW Limited yes Mixed Dir 0.9 2.6 72% 1.3
2 rec. 1000 140 Blower, PW No no Probiotic Juv 0 5.6 75% 1.7
3 rec. 3000 66 Blower Limited no Probiotic Juv 0 6.1 75% 1.5
4 rec. 2000 36 PW 15% daily yes Probiotic Juv 0 1.5 70% 1.4

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“Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.” – Albert
Einstein
Example 1
Sonora
Square, 800 m2, 1200 m3
Lined
Central Drain
Covered

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Einstein
Example 1
4-2hp Paddlewheel
5 hp blower
Reduced Exchange, filtered water

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Einstein
Example 1
400/m2, Direct stock, 8 mg
82 days, 1.3-1.6 g/week; Harvest 10,13, 15 gramos, 3.5 kg/m3, 2.6 kg/m3 final
Survival: 72%, FCR: 1.3

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Einstein
Example 2
Sonora
Phase 1, 100 m3
Circular
Phase 2, 1000 m3
Raceway
Suspensión
0 exchange
10 hp blower, 4 hp paddlewheel
Filtered, treated water
Phase 3, 2000 m3, open lined ponds, center drain, 10 hp, paddlewheels

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Einstein
Example 2
Phase 1
8 mg a 100 mg, 25/litro, 2.5 kg/m3
90 % sobrevivencia
Phase 2
500/ m3
105 days, 1.5 g/week
Harvest :15 g, 5.6 kg/m3
Phase 3
120/m3
70 days, 1.5 g/week
Harvest: 30 g, 3.6 kg/m3

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Einstein
Example 3
Sinaloa
2000 m2, 3000 m3
20 hp blower
Limited Exchange,
Inclined with sump
Well water

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Einstein
Example 3
Direct stock: 600/m3, 8 mg
82 days, 1.3-1.6 g/week
Harvest 13.5 g, 6.1 kg/m3,

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“Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop
questioning.” – Albert Einstein
Example 4
Sonora
Square
Lined and unlined
Center drain
Well wáter, 4 ppt
Limited Exchange
Open
36 hp/ ha
Paddlewheel

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Example 4
2 phase
110/m3 direct, 100 mg
85 days, 1.6 g7week
19 g
70 % Surv.
FCR: 1.4
1.5 kg/m3

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New Projects
Sinaloa

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New Projects
Colima

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New Projects
Juarez,
Chihuahua

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Always Successful?
No
How
to
Improve?

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“The AHPND bacteria changes the rules of the game and will force us to go to closed,
biosecure systems” – Tim Flegel
Outside Examples of Success

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Dac Loc
Vietnam

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New Intensive Sector - Guatemala
52 groups, , >100 ha
2000 -3000 m3, square or rectangular,
lined ponds, well water
Production: 1.5 – 2.5 kg/m3, 15-30 g
Survival: > 70%

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Pond Depth: Think in m3, not m2
Automatic Feeders; Combined with increased depth.

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Quality of Postlarvae
Not just stress tests
Size/Days
Genetic Line with proven production
Bacteriologícal Analysis
Coefficient of Inbreeding

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Carrying Capacity
Can? - Should?
Will it make to the
destination?
If so, how many times?

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Magic Number: 3.5 – 4.5 kg/m3
Sustainable, Reliable
Lower Cost/kg

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Nutrition/Feeding Methods
Additives:
• Orgánic Acids
• Essencial Oils
• Probiótics
Feeding Trays

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"Crisis is a blessing. From crisis progress, invention and discoveries are born. The real crisis is
the crisis of incompetence, the laziness of not wanting to find solutions.”- Albert Einstein
Water Quality
Filtration
Wells
Cianophytes (enteritis)
Carriers
Stability
Tilapia

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Confront Problems
Source: Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific. Urgent
Appeal to Control Spread of the Shrimp Microsporidian Parasite
Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei (EHP). Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
(Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI
Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand), Piyachat Sanguanrut, Paul Vinu
Salachan, Siripong Thitamadee and Timothy W.
Flegel. November 24, 2014.
Samples processed by ITSON for EHP : 0

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“When there are too many deer in the forest or too many cats in the barn, nature restores the
balance by the introduction of a communicable disease or virus.” - Rusty James
Biosecurity
Design/Operation
Success
Genetics
Success
Biosecurity
+ Genetics
Sustainable
Success

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GENETICS
INTRODUCTION OF ECUADOREAN LINE
--2013 TRIALS
--2014 COMMERCIAL USE

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0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Closed Resistant No Resistant
Comparative Survivals
Closed - Resistant - Non resistant Lines
No. of weeks
Survival

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“Disease is the retribution of an outraged nature.” – Hosea Ballou
GENETICS
Develope New Lines
Develope Specific Lines
Be realistic about imports
Professional Programs
Challenge Tests
Inbreeding

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“When there are too many deer in the forest or too many cats in the barn, nature restores the
balance by the introduction of a communicable disease or virus.” - Rusty James
Why does this work?
Challenge for the scientific community
Resistence: Animal reduce bacteria?
Tolerance: Reduction in effect of toxin?
Physical: Barrier to introduction?

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Road to Success?

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Biológical Success
=
Economic Success
/

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““It does not matter how secure or well-ordered civilized life may become, pathogens always
are in the shadows ready to pounce.”– Hans Zinsser
To significantly increse shrimp culture production –
in a sustainable manner - requires:
Control
Change
INNOVATION
TECNOLOGY
…APPLIED IN EVERY COMPONENT
OF THE PRODUCTIVE CHAIN!

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“Your genome knows much more about your medical history than you do.” – W. Daniel Hillis
TO MOVE AHEAD WE NEED
RESEARCH
HONESTY
INFORMATION: ANALYSIS OF CASES OF SUCCESS AND FAILURE
FINANCING
COLABORATION: ACADEMIC, FINANCE, GOVERNMENT,
PRODUCTION
THINK
REQUESTION
EVERYTHING

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“Your genome knows much more about your medical history than you do.” – W. Daniel Hillis
The Mexican shrimp industry in 5 years will be very different
from today. The solution to the actual crisis, and those that
are to come, is in the implementation of new culture
technolgies. The solution is in the hands of the visionaries of
today.
THANK YOU
GRACIAS
Scott Horton

Presentation 11: Managing intensive systems and water quality in AHPND environment (Mr Scott Horton, Mexico)

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