http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/28b6bd62-5433-4fad-b5a1-8ac61eb671b1/ FAO Second International Technical Seminar/Workshop on Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) There is a way forward! FAO Technical Cooperation Programme: TCP/INT/3501 and TCP/INT/3502.

1. Dealing with EMS/AHPND:
Thailand update from 2015
Putth Songsangjinda
putthsj@yahoo.com

2. Pictures of shrimp mortality
During the period of
EMS/AHPND Outbreak
in 2012-2014
Chan-
thaburi
Easthen
part of
Thailand

3. Understanding the root cause of EMS/AHPND
2012 : The outbreak begun with not enough scientific information
Sanitary actions was taking place in broodstock facilities and hatchery
2013: The causative agent of EMS/AHPND was reported to be Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Late 2013: DOF Thailand and other institutes started to used PCR to detect the pathogen
- present The program to screen out pathogen from the production has been carried out.
Farm practices, renovations and guidelines have been developed.

4. 0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
AnnualProduction(ton)
Year
White Shrimp Back Tiger shrimp
Thailand annual shrimp production 1981-2014
EMS/AHPND
WSSV outbreak
MSGS outbreak
YHV
outbreak

5. Year
Production (ton/yr) % production
change YoYP. monodon L. vannamei Total
2011 1,469 500,719 502,188 -
2012 15,219 458,012 473,231 -5.8
2013 12,124 274,755 286,879 -39.4
2014 13,053 204,385 217,438 -24.2
2015* 7,828 222,510 230,338 5.9
2016* 3,543 80,844 84,387 9.3
Annual production of farmed shrimp in Thailand
indicating a sharply drop in 2011- 2014

6. Government actions respond to EMS/AHPND

7. Types of sample
AHPND
Plasmids
AHPND
Toxin gene
WSSV
Total
sample
%
positive
Total
sample
%
positive
Total
sample
%
positive
Broodstock 73 0 73 0 112 0
Broodstock feces 27 19 27 0 ND ND
Nauplii 53 0 53 2 ND ND
Post larvae 2174 11 1363 5 1779 5
Juvenile 1490 28 1261 18 1246 4
Farm water 3116 29 2166 22 22 5
Hatchery water 542 19 23 0 0 0
Farm sediment 1614 36 1054 17 172 19
Others 33 21 15 0 4 25
Laboratory analysis of samples collected in 2014
ND= not detect.

8. Good culture
environment
Pathogenic
reduction
Healthy
shrimp
Farm water
and sediment
Hatchery
water and
equipments
Pathogen free in broodstock
and larvae
Increase genetic
biodiversity
of broodstock
Promote used
of healthy PL
Increase quantity
of healthy
Broodstock and PL
Hatchery sanitation
for healthy PLGood broodstock
culture system
Area based approaches
Guideline for efficiency production
Good pond preparation
Promote use of
probiotics
Bio-security guideline
Feed Application
to maximize
feeding efficiency
and lowering FCR
Dealing with EMS/AHPND

9. Dealing with EMS/AHPND by
Department of Fisheries, Thailand
1) Introduction of new broodstock for improve
genetic diversity, solving an inbreeding problem
and of whiteleg shrimp used in Thailand.
2) Screening disease from shrimp broodstock,
postlarvae, soil and water samples collected from
farm and hatchery EMS/AHPND strain and 5
viral diseases including WSSV, IMNV, YHV,
IHHNV, and TSV
3) Guideline and laboratory service for
improvement of farm management

10. Pathogen
• Promote sanitation and bio-security measures in broodstock facility and
hatchery
• Contamination of AHPND strain Vibrio parahaemolyticus
• Poor sanitation of the nursing and grow-out pond
• Healthy broodstock, PL and healthy pond condition
• Avoid disperse of pathogenic agent through the PL transportation (PL,
water, sediment) vehicle disinfection
• Co-infection of virus could increase shrimp stress and virulence
EMS/AHPND
• Special environmental for control Vibrio parahaemolyticus (dislike
environment)
• low salinity < 5 ppt.
• Sterile equipments, pond, life feed and shrimp with fresh
water
Guidelines to deal with EMS/AHPND

11. Environment
• Pond environment deterioration: Organic matters accumulation in
water column and pond sediment/sludge
• Related with farm management
• Ecosystem imbalance (phytoplankton /bacteria)
• Fluctuate water qualities
• Deterioration of source water (organic matters and nutrients
contamination in high concentrations)
• Balancing phytoplankton /bacteria through the management of
organic matters and nutrients in pond water sediment and feed
remaining
• Low organic matter, nitrogenous compounds and high oxygen
condition in water and sediment surface
• Feeding should be managed efficiently (genetics, environment)
Guidelines to deal with EMS/AHPND

12. 12
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Shrimpproductivity
(ton/MillionPL)
AHPNDPrevalent(%)
Month Year
AHPND Prevalent Shrimp productivity
AHPND prevalent and shrimp production in Thailand from Oct 20013- April 2016

13. Year
Production (ton/yr) % production
change YoYP. monodon L. vannamei Total
2011 1,469 500,719 502,188 -
2012 15,219 458,012 473,231 -5.8
2013 12,124 274,755 286,879 -39.4
2014 13,053 204,385 217,438 -24.2
2015* 7,828 222,510 230,338 5.9
2016* 3,543 80,844 84,387 9.3
Annual production of farmed shrimp in Thailand
indicating a gradual recovery in 2015- early of 2016

14. 0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
AnnualProduction(ton)
Year
White Shrimp
Back Tiger shrimp
2016
Projection to be
Nearly
300,000
ton
Recovery of Thailand annual shrimp production
2015-2016
EMS/AHPND

15. 15
Mandatory standard for disease free white shrimp hatchery
Good aquaculture practices for hatchery of disease free
of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (TAS 7432-2015)
• Mandatory standard start from the end of 2016
• Prevent disease transmission of target diseases from broodstock to the
nauplii.
• The target diseases are
• White spot syndrome virus (WSSV),
• Yellow head virus (YHV),
• Taura syndrome virus (TSV),
• Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV),
• Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) and
• Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)

16. 16
Mandatory standard for disease free white shrimp hatchery
Good aquaculture practices for hatchery of disease free
of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (TAS 7432-2015)
Requirement:
1. Availability and implementing of Standard Operating Procedures of
hatchery to control target diseases.
2. Participation in the targeted surveillance program of the Department of
Fishery
3. Availability of surveillance report for a free of the target diseases for at
least six consecutive months,
4. The operators in nauplii hatchery shall obtain knowledge, training
and/or experience in Pacific white shrimp hatchery operations.
5. Bio-security measures for control personnel and visitors that may be the
carrier of target diseases into the hatchery shall be in place.

17. 17
Mandatory standard for disease free white shrimp hatchery
Good aquaculture practices for hatchery of disease free
of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (TAS 7432-2015)
Requirement:
6. Selection of target disease free Pacific white shrimp broodstock and
their source shall be traceable.
7. Availability of effective quarantine system for Pacific white shrimp
broodstock, bio-security operating manual for broodstock, nauplius
production, feed and feeding, water, tools, equipment, hatching
system, vehicle disinfection.
8. Pest and pet control within the production areas of the hatchery.
9. Inspection report and record indicating the absence of the target
diseases, and for traceability purpose.

18. Thank you
for your attention