This document discusses the skills needed in 21st century societies and how arts education can contribute to developing these skills. It finds that non-routine cognitive skills like creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration are increasingly important. While arts education is associated with innovation skills, more research is still needed to understand the precise causal relationships. It also emphasizes that high-quality teaching is essential for skills development in arts education. In conclusion, arts education can help develop 21st century skills like creativity and innovation, but more assessment is needed to fully understand its impacts.