This document discusses key concepts for working with maps, including scales, parallels, meridians, and coordinates. It defines what scales represent in terms of centimeters on a map representing kilometers in real life. Parallels and meridians are defined as well as how they relate to latitude and longitude. Coordinates are described as combining latitude and longitude to identify locations. Exercises are provided to practice these map reading skills.

1. WORKING WITH MAPS
Geography topic 9

3. SCALES
Here, 1 cm on the map
represents 7,000 actual cm.
This means: 1 cm on the
map equals 70 meters in the
real life
Here, 1 cm on the map
represents 500,000 actual cm.
This means: 1 cm on the map
equals 5000 meters in the real
life. THIS MEANS: 5 km.

4. PARALLELS
EQUATOR: THE
PRINCIPAL
PARALLEL.
PARALLELS ARE
NUMBERED FROM
THE EQUATOR TO
THE POLES IN
DEGREES 0º TO 90º
NORTH or SOUTH.

5. PARALLELS
PARALLELS measure
LATITUDE
LATITUDE: is the
distance between any
point on the Earth to
the equator. We talk
about northern or
southern
hemisphere.

6. MERIDIANS
MERIDIANS:
Imaginary lines that
go from pole to pole.
(like an orange).
GREENWICH
meridian ins the
principal meridian so
we call it PRIME
MERIDIAN.

7. MERIDIANS
MERIDIANS: are
numbered in degrees
from 0 to 180º EAST
or WEST.
Meridians measure
LONGITUDE which is
the distance between
any point on the Earth
and the Greenwich
meridian.We talk
about eastern or
western hemisphere

8. CO-ORDINATES
WHEN WE PUT THE LATITUDE AND
LONGITUDE OF A PLACE TOGETHER
WE HAVE THE CO-ORDINATES OF
THE LOCATION.

9. WEBSITES
!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushuaia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Puntos_extremos_del_mundo

10. EXERCISES

11. 1. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of representing the
Earth using a globe and on a world map.
2. Calculate how many actual km equal 1 cm in the following
scales. What type of scale are they?
1: 200,000
1: 50,000
1: 1,000,000

12. GRAPHICAL SCALES
3.You are going to see three slides with three different maps.
Write down the similarities and differences you can observe.
4. When it comes to use a graphical scale, in case you want to
represent something with greater detail, would you:(explain your
answer)
a. choose a map in which 1 centimeter in the map represents 1 km in the
real life.(1 actual km)
b. choose a map in which 1 centimeter in the map represents 100 actual km.

16. WHAT CONTINENT DO THESE COUNTRIES
BELONG TO?
RUSSIA
JAPAN
INDIA
AUSTRALIA
EGYPT
BRAZIL
URUGUAY
NEW ZEALAND
BOLIVIA
MEXICO