This document provides information about gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. It defines gerunds as verb forms ending in "-ing" that are used in progressive tenses. Infinitives are the base form of verbs preceded by "to", like "to speak". The document lists rules for forming regular gerunds and presents examples of gerund and infinitive usage. It also provides exercises for learners to practice identifying gerunds and infinitives in sentences.
REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA
MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA EDUCACION UNIVERSITARIA
INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITECNICO SANTIAGO MARIÑO - EXTENSION VALENCIA
ASIGNATURA: INGLES II
CLASE 47
ESTUDIANTE: Wilfredo nadales 29946762
REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA
MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA EDUCACION UNIVERSITARIA
INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITECNICO SANTIAGO MARIÑO - EXTENSION VALENCIA
ASIGNATURA: INGLES II
CLASE 47
ESTUDIANTE: Wilfredo nadales 29946762
This article covers English Past Tense, including tips and tricks on how to memorize past tense verbs and phrases, and how to best progress as an English student.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Gerunds and infinitives Diego Rodríguez
1. REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA
MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA
EDUCACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA,
CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA
INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITÉCNICO
“SANTIAGO MARIÑO”
EXTENSIÓN PORLAMAR
Gerunds and infinitives
Porlamar, 09 de diciembre del
2021
Diego Rodríguez
C.I: 29789485
Ing. Eléctrica
Porlamar, 09 de diciembre del 2021
2. WHAT IS A GERUND?
Gerunds in English are verb forms used with progressive tenses. They always end in
–ing.
In Spanish, the verb form ending in –ndo is known as the gerund. It is used in
progressive compound tenses such as: I am swimming. The English equivalent of this
grammatical form is the present participle.
All progressive tenses use a conjugated form of the verb to be and a present
participle. The regular gerunds, or regular present
participles, are formed as follows:
Basic form + ing
For example: Eat + ing = Eating
See + ing = Seeing
Play + ing = Playing
Sleep+ ing = sleeping
Watch + ing =
watching
3. Features
The gerund belongs to non-finite verbs
(unconjugated)
They Gerunds are verb forms that end in ‘ing’
Gerunds can be the subject of the sentence: “Flying
is lovely”.
Gerunds can be the object of the sentence: “She
likes eating chocolate.”
Gerunds can be the object of a preposition: “After
jogging she relaxes”.
It has no irregularities, which makes it the only rule
in English that has no exceptions
•
•
•
•
•
•
4. Gramatical rules
If the basic form of a single syllable verb ends in the combination of a
single vowel followed by a consonant, double the final consonant before adding –ing to the
base form.
For example: run : running
sit : sitting
jog : jogging
1
2
Si la forma básica de un verbo termina en ic, añádele la letra k antes de añadir –ing a la forma
base.
For example: picnic : picnicking
panic : panicking
traffic : trafficking
3
If the basic form of a verb ends in one more consonant “e”, remove the e before adding –ing
to the base form.
For example: dance : dancing
make : making
take : taking
5. Gramatical rules
If the basic form of a verb ends in ie, change the ie to y before adding –ing to the base form.
For example: die : dying
lie : lying
tie : tying
4
5 If the basic form of a verb ends in l, double the l before adding –ing to the base form.
For example: travel : travelling
cancel : cancelling
(This rule does not apply in the United States, but in the United Kingdom. In the US the
present participle of travel is traveling and the present participle of cancel is canceling)
6. Examples
I am playing tennis
Yesterday we were talking about having children.
We enjoy walking every afternoon
Would you mind helping me with the bags?
I don’t miss having to drive to work every morning.
Come hiking with us next Saturday.
She hates going to the dentist.
She is not eating hamburgers
Are you playing guitar?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
7. exercises
Send + ing = ____________ Sit + ing = _________
Play + ing = ___________ Go + ing = _________
Run + ing = ____________ Lear + ing = ________
Close + ing = ___________ Drink + ing = ________
See + ing = ___________ Walk + ing = ________
Show + ing = ___________ Clean + ing = _______
He is (read)________ a book by oscar wilde
We are (sing)_________ a song in the bar
They are (buy)_________ italian food
Are you (write)_________ the statistics report?
8. exercises
answers
Send + ing = Sending Sit + ing = Sitting
Play + ing = Playing Go + ing = Going
Run + ing = Running Learn + ing = Learning
Close + ing = Closing Drink + ing = Drinking
See + ing = Seeing Walk + ing = Walking
Show + ing = Showing Clean + ing = Cleaning
He is reading a book by oscar wilde
We are singing a song in the bar
They are buying italian food
Are you writing the statistics report?
9. WHAT IS An infinitive?
The infinitive is a form of the verb that hasn’t had any endings added to it and
doesn’t relate to any particular tense. It can also be defined as the infinitive as
the base form of a verb. In English, the infinitive is usually shown with to, as in
to speak, to eat, to live.
In English, the infinitive is usually thought of as being made up of two words,
for example, to speak. Also, in English, when we talk about the infinitive, we
usually refer to the present infinitive, which is the most common. However,
there are four other forms of the infinitive: the perfect infinitive, the continuous
perfect infinitive, the continuous infinitive, and the passive infinitive.
10. Features
The infinitive is the basic form of verbs in English.
It is generally structured as follows: to + (verb stem),
for example, to talk
It can have different functions within a sentence,
including expressing opinions or purposes
Can be used as a subject, after the verb and after an
adjective
There are 5 types: present infinitive, negative infinitive,
progressive infinitive, perfect infinitive and passive
infinitive
•
•
•
•
•
11. Gramatical rules
In general, the infinitive is used after adjectives.
For example: I’m excited to go surfing each morning.
We use the infinitive after direct and indirect complements that refer to people.
For example: I warned Bree to avoid the jellyfish in the water.
4
1
2
3
Some verbs in English such as ‘hope’, ‘learn’ and ‘want’ are always followed by an infinitive.
For example: I want to learn to speak English this new year
We use the infinitive without the ‘to’ after many modal verbs like may, might, should
and could.
For example: You should visit your parents this Christmas
12. Examples
I love to swim at nigh
She doesn’t want to see you
again!
It’s beginning to snow
Have you got the key to open
this door?
They don’t want me to go
You asked him to pay the ticket
How should I tellhim?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
13. exercises
They enjoy ____ (work) together.
Working To work
Do you want ____ (study) with me
tonight?
Studying To study
David quit ____ (smoke) a year ago.
Smoking To smoke
I have no experience in ____ (work) with
children.
Working To work
4
3
1
2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
14. exercises
answers
Right
Incorrect
•
•
They enjoy ____ (work) together.
Working To work
Do you want ____ (study) with me
tonight?
Studying To study
David quit ____ (smoke) a year ago.
Smoking To smoke
I have no experience in ____ (work) with
children.
Working To work
1
2
3
4
•
•
•
•
•
•
• •