These are the organic products of natural or synthetic origin which are basic in
nature & contain one or more than one nitrogen atoms, normally of heterocyclic nature &
possess specific physiological actions on human or animal body, when used in small quantites.
The term is derived from the word ‘alkali-like’ & hence they resemble some of characters
of naturally occuring amines.
The term is derived from the word ‘alkali-like’ & hence they resemble some of
characters of naturally occuring amines.
Chemistry of Natural Products
Alkaloids
• Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of ephedrine, nicotine, atropine, quinine, papaverine and morphine.
• Terpenoids
• Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of citral, α-terpineol, α-pinene, camphor and α-cadinene.
• Steroids
• Introduction; nomenclature and stereochemistry of steroids; structure determination of cholesterol and bile acids; introduction to steroidal hormones with particular reference to adrenal cortical hormones.
These are the organic products of natural or synthetic origin which are basic in
nature & contain one or more than one nitrogen atoms, normally of heterocyclic nature &
possess specific physiological actions on human or animal body, when used in small quantites.
The term is derived from the word ‘alkali-like’ & hence they resemble some of characters
of naturally occuring amines.
The term is derived from the word ‘alkali-like’ & hence they resemble some of
characters of naturally occuring amines.
Chemistry of Natural Products
Alkaloids
• Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of ephedrine, nicotine, atropine, quinine, papaverine and morphine.
• Terpenoids
• Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation; discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of citral, α-terpineol, α-pinene, camphor and α-cadinene.
• Steroids
• Introduction; nomenclature and stereochemistry of steroids; structure determination of cholesterol and bile acids; introduction to steroidal hormones with particular reference to adrenal cortical hormones.
lycosides and glycoside containing drugs.
Biosynthesis of glycosides: The details of the followings:
i) Cyanogenic: Wild Cherry
ii)Isothiocyanate-Mustard (Black mustard and white mustard).
iii) Cardiac: Digitalis, strophanthus, squill.
B.Pharm Syllabus
Northern University Bangladesh
De ve loped b y: Ma hab ur R a hma n She i kh & M ahm ud ur R ahman
Assistant Professors, Department of Pharmacy, Northern University Bangladesh
30
iv) Saponins: Sarsaparilla, glycyrrhiza, dioscorea.
v)
Anthraquinone glycosides: Cascara sagrada, aloe, senna, rhubarb.
vi) Other glycosides and neutral principles: Gentian, quassia, saffron.
Phyto pharmaceutical - TOCOPHEROLS AND TOCOTRIENOLS (Vitamin E )SudhindraKini
Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a naturally occurring antioxidant. Biochemical functions of vitamin E. applications of vitamin E. symptoms of vitamin E deficiency. Global scenario of production and consumption of natural vitamin E and mixed tocopherols
This ppt contains a suitable contents. This notes is effective for B.Pharm & D.Pharm students. In this notes we all the related topic of secondary metabolites. In this notes we all sub topics of secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Taninns, Resins, Flavonoids, etc.
lycosides and glycoside containing drugs.
Biosynthesis of glycosides: The details of the followings:
i) Cyanogenic: Wild Cherry
ii)Isothiocyanate-Mustard (Black mustard and white mustard).
iii) Cardiac: Digitalis, strophanthus, squill.
B.Pharm Syllabus
Northern University Bangladesh
De ve loped b y: Ma hab ur R a hma n She i kh & M ahm ud ur R ahman
Assistant Professors, Department of Pharmacy, Northern University Bangladesh
30
iv) Saponins: Sarsaparilla, glycyrrhiza, dioscorea.
v)
Anthraquinone glycosides: Cascara sagrada, aloe, senna, rhubarb.
vi) Other glycosides and neutral principles: Gentian, quassia, saffron.
Phyto pharmaceutical - TOCOPHEROLS AND TOCOTRIENOLS (Vitamin E )SudhindraKini
Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a naturally occurring antioxidant. Biochemical functions of vitamin E. applications of vitamin E. symptoms of vitamin E deficiency. Global scenario of production and consumption of natural vitamin E and mixed tocopherols
This ppt contains a suitable contents. This notes is effective for B.Pharm & D.Pharm students. In this notes we all the related topic of secondary metabolites. In this notes we all sub topics of secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Taninns, Resins, Flavonoids, etc.
Comparative Phytochemical and Physicochemical Study of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)...BRNSS Publication Hub
Curcuma longa belongs to family and ocimum sanctum belongs to family lamiaceae. The phytochemical and physicochemical analysis was carried out for tulsi and haldi and haldi and a comparative study were done. Determination of total ash, acid insoluble, water soluble ash of tulsi and haldi were carried out by using standard procedure. The phytochemical screening has been done for different extract it revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavanoid, tannin, carbohydrate. Phytochemical and physicochemical parameters of Tulsi and haldi were stablished for their identification. The present study is focused on phytochemical and physicochemical study on haldi and tulsi. The qualitative physicochemical analysis was performed for the detection of secondary metabolites (viz. alkaloid, protein, tannin, saponin etc.).
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of jasm...SriramNagarajan16
Objectives
The aims of this research were to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity
of different extracts of J. sessiliflorum. The different anti-oxidant methods carried out were DPPH
scavenging method, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide scavenging method
Methods
Extracts were prepared by reflux method using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evap orated
using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide
scavenging methods and the correlation of their IC50 values with standards were carried out.
Results
The ethanolic herbs extract of J. sessiliflorum had the lowest IC50 values in all the anti-oxidant methods.
Moreover, the ethanolic extracts showed the presence greatest amount of phytochemical constituents. The
IC50 values were correlated with the IC50 values of standards in all the anti- oxidant activity determination
methods.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that the extracts of J.sessiliflorum exhibited strong antioxidant
activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant.
Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vivo evaluation of antipyretic effe...CrimsonAlternativemedicine
Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vivo evaluation of antipyretic effects of methanolic extract of Argyreia pilosa Wight & Arn. by DSNBK Prasanth in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine
The antipyrexia action of the methanol extract of A. pilosa had been explored utilizing the yeast evoked pyrexia procedure in rabbits. Paracetamol utilized as a positive control as well as negative control group acquired distilled water. Rectal temperatures of all rabbits had been documented instantly prior to the administration of the extract or vehicle or paracetamol as well as again at 30min period for 3h utilizing digital thermometer. The extract had been additionally phytochemically tested with regard to alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and phenols. At 400mg/kg dosage the extract revealed considerable decrease in yeast evoked raised temperature when compared with that of standard drug paracetamol where by the extract dose 200mg/kg had been less effective as compared to higher dose (p<0.05). Phytochemical testing demonstrated the existence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, steroids, acid compounds, glycosides, amino acids, and proteins. This research confirmed that this methanol extract of A. pilosa at a dose of 400mg/kg owns considerable antipyretic outcome against the yeast-induced raised temperature. The antipyretic activity of A. pilosaextract could be due to its secondary metabolites, which probably consist of flavonoids like Rutin and Quercetin; sterols like β-Sitosterol. But, further phytochemical, as well as biological tests, are recommended to determine the other active chemical constituents accountable for the antipyretic activity.
Evaluation of anti epileptic activities of Aegle marmelous (leaves) and antie...kamal969161
Evaluation of antiepileptic activities of Aegle marvelous (leaves) and antiepileptic activities of (bark), analgesic activities (bark and leaves) of Ficus religiosa from Nepal
Study of Hepatoprotective Activity of Saussurea Lappa Root Extractijtsrd
The plant under evaluation was Saussure a lappa, a plant of Asteraceae, one of the best-known species within this genus, was commonly known as costus in English Based on the literature survey, it was reported that various pharmacological activities were reported on Saussure a lappa After authentification, the collected plant root material it was reduced into small pieces The plant material was extracted by using ethanol by the cold maceration method The study concluded that the root extract have potential bioactive substances that may be used to formulate new drugs The Flavo-Glycosides content in Ethonolic extract of Saussure a lappa root extract for Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated The results were compared with the standard using statistical method However further investigation was required for structural elucidation and pharmacological properties Juluri Krishna Dutta Tejaswi | Dr. R. Govinda Rajan | P. Sara "Study of Hepatoprotective Activity of Saussurea Lappa Root Extract" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18390.pdf
Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Stem Bark Extract b...QUESTJOURNAL
Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam. is also known as ‘Miracle tree’ because of its uses of all parts particularly for their great potential in pharmacological, nutritional and water purification aspects. The study has been done for the phytochemical screening and analysis of analgesic potential of Moringa olifiera Lam. methanolic stem bark extract using Acetic acid induced Writhing method. Qualitative chemical analysis was carried out through phytochemical investigation which indicated the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, flavonois, tannins, proteins, alkaloids etc. in the extracts. To study analgesic activity Acetic acid induced Writhing test was used, where Methanolic stem bark extract was introduced intraperitonially at doses of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg to Swiss-albino mice. The dose of 300 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of Writhing response created by acetic acid in a dose dependent manner when compared to the standard control drug Diclofenac Sodium. Those two different doses exhibited 5% and 80% inhibition in writhing response respectively while the Diclofenac Na inhibited about 46.25% of writhing response at a dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight. The results of this study support the potential pain management therapy using this crude extract.
Preliminary Studies on Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities...IJARIIT
Pharmaceutical industries are still in the hunt of effective scavengers for free radicals from the unexplored
medicinal plants. About 80,000 species of plants are utilized for treating various diseases in different systems of Indian
medicine. Many pharmaceutical companies giving importance in plant-derived drugs mainly due to the current widespread
belief that 'Green Medicine' is safe and more dependable than the costly synthetic drugs, which have adverse side effects.
The objective of the study is isolation of Phytochemical active constituents, Antidiabetic, antimicrobial and
antioxidant activities of the rare Antidiabetic medicinal plant Epaltes divaricata (Linn.) since the selected plant has varied
medicinal properties used in Ayurveda. This valuable plant is used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to alleviate jaundice,
diabetes mellitus, urethral discharges and acute dyspepsia. It is also regarded as a diaphoretic, diuretic and a stimulating
expectorant.
The methanol extract of Epaltes divaricata L. showed excellent antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
Phytochemical analysis was carried out for the same extract by two different standard methods and which confirmed the
presence of steroids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds. Decreasing of postprandial hyperglycemia is a therapeutic
approach for treating diabetes mellitus. This can be achieved in current trends through the inhibition of carbohydrate
hydrolyzing enzymes such as alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase. Agents with α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory
activity are very useful as oral anti hypoglycemic agents for the control of hyperglycemia in patients who have diabetes
mellitus. In this study the methanol extract exhibited above 50% of inhibition in all standard concentration.
In Ayurveda, the leaf juice of Adhatoda vasica, a shrub native to Asia is incorporated in
many traditional herbal formulations. However, suitable solvent and a suitable extraction
method for phytochemical profiling are not well established, and there is no published mass
spectra structural interpretation of the identified compounds. This has caused a few
problems in herbal formulation research due to the bias derived from different extraction
methods. Therefore, this study used polar and non polar extraction for phytochemical
analysis on Adhatoda vasica, aiming to assess the potential impact of different solvents. This
study included extractive value, total phenol and alkaloid content of the leaves in different
preparations. Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to
study the phytochemical profile of different solvents. Significant differences were observed in
all the parameters such as extract yield, total phenol, total alkaloid and phytochemical
composition. The ethanol extract stood out most for effective extraction of phytochemicals,
especially for the alkaloids. The results highlight the necessity for comparative analyses of
chemical composition in different solvent extractions and careful choice and validation of
analytical methodology in herbal formulation research.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Preliminary phytochemical studies and evaluation of Antipyretic property of t...researchplantsciences
Purpose-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was claimed to have anti pyretic, analgesic and antimicrobial properties. The people of Idemili area in Anambra State of Nigeria use the decoction of it to treat wounds, running stomach, aches and pains as well as fever. It is to this backdrop that this investigation was carried out to ascertain the veracity of the claim.
Methodology-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was collected and dried at ambient temperature. It was pulverized into powder. 500 gm of the powdered drug was placed into a two litre beaker containing one litre of methanol. It was allowed to stand with occasional shaking for 48 h. The content was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator. The extract contains the following secondary metabolites-alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides. The antipyretic activity was investigated using brewer’s yeast to induce pyrexia.
Result -The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata exhibited significant (p<0.05) antipyretic effect at 600 mg/kg from 1 h to 4 h and at 3 h to 4 h at 300 mg/kg compared with the control.
Conclusion-The claim of Idemili people of Anambra State Nigeria on the use of Ritchiea longipedicellata appears to be obvious in line with the results of the investigation.
Article Citation:
Chinedu Fred Anowi, Ezugwu CO, Ilodigwe EE, Ajaghaku DL.
Preliminary Phytochemical Studies and Evaluation of Antipyretic Property of the Methanol Extract of the Rootbark of Ritchiea longipedicellata Gilg (capparidaceae)
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 192-195.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0048.pdf
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Preliminary phytochemical and diuretic potential of methanolic extract of azima tetra cahntha lam leaf
1. 275
Original Article PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND DIURETIC POTENTIAL OF
METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZIMA TETRA CAHNTHA LAM, LEAF
*1Kumarasamyraja D, 2Shankar M, 2Gowrishankar N L
*1Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidhambaram, Tamil nadu – 608 001, India.
2Swami Vivekanandha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vangapally (V),
Nalgonda (district), Andhra pradesh - 508286, India.
Print 2231 – 3648
ISSN
Online 2231 – 3656
Abstract
Azima tetracantha.L belongs to Salvadoraceae and known as Kundali in Ayurvedic medicine. It was
traditionally used for its diuretic property. Various analytical parameters such as ash value, water soluble ash,
and sulphated ash done for this study. Ethyl alcoholic extract of Azima tetracantha Lam leaf were investigated
diuretic activity. Its root, root bark, and leaves are administered with food as a remedy for rheumatism,
stimulant, expectorant, antispasmodic and analgesic effects. Phytochemical studies reveal the presence of
carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpens are also reported to be present in this plant. The
diuretic activity of the extract was determined by Taylor and Topless. In this method 500mg/kg extract does
not match with effect produced by the standard. But 750mg/kg body weight of the extract is almost equal to
effect produced by the standard drug hydrochlorothiazide so the Azima tetracantha.L leaf extract posses the
diuretic activity.
Key words: Hydrochlorothiazide, Antispasmodic, Azima tetracantha.
Introduction
Plant medicine is commonly used in the traditional There are many pharmacologically active crude drug
treatment of some renal diseases, and many plants are and chemical agents isolated from plant sources. Now
reported to possess significant diuretic activity. The a day’s physicians have turned their attention to
diuretic activity of a number of plants used in ethno ayurvedic, siddha and unani system of treatment in
medicine as diuretic agents has been confirmed in western countries to avoid problematical effect of
experimental animals. Medicinal plants can be synthetic drugs, though they are much more potent
important source of unknown chemical substance with these implies that natural plants have comparitive
potential therapeutic effects. Besides the world health therapeutic value with fewer side effects. Nearly one
organization has estimated that over 75% of the world tenth of the people in the world are suffering from
population still relies on plant derived medicine1. oedema due to sodium and water retention, anti
diuretics as a result of therapeutic in complaines. It is
The utilization of plants for medicinal purpose in India necessary to reach for new drugs from natural sources
has been documented long a back in ancient literature against these ailments.
become they are essential to human survival2.
In common a diuretic is any substance which increases
Author for Correspondence: urine and solute production. But to be therapeutically
Kumarasamyraja D, diuretics should increase the output of sodium, chloride
Annamalai University, as well as water .most diuretics share the same
Annamalai Nagar, Chidhambaram, mechanical action, blockade sodium and chloride
Tamil nadu – 608 001, India. reabsorption, hydrochlorothiazide promotes urine
Email: ksrajapharma83@gmail.com production by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and
chloride early segment of distal convoluted tubule3.
Int. J. Pharm & Ind. Res Vol - 01 Issue - 04 Oct – Dec 2011
2. 276
Ethyl Alcoholic extract of azima tetra cantha leaf were experiment .the animal were kept in clean and dry
investigated diuretic activity. It is a unique folk plastic cages, at 26 ± 2°c and relative humidity 45-
medicinal that belongs to the family Salvadoraceae .its 55% light and dark cycle of 12 and 12 h respectively
root, root bark and leaves are administrated with food for 1 week. Animals were fasted and deprived of
as a remedy for rheumatism4. Azima tetracantha water for 18 hrs.
leaves possesses stimulant, expectorant , antispasmodic
and analgesic effects preliminary phytochemical Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis
screening of the extracts showed the presence of Phytochemical tests were carried out to find out the
Alkaloids ,Flavonoids Ttriterpens, Carbohydrates and presence of phyto constituents viz, alkaloids, steroids,
Glycosides. The present study was to evaluate the carbohydrates, fixed oils, fats, tannins, phenolic
diuretic activity of the extracts of azima tetracantha compounds, amino acids etc, and the results shown in
using Wister albino rates.5, 6 Table 02.
Diuretic Activity
Materials and Methods
The method of Taylor and Topless (1962) were
Plant Material employed for assessment of diuretics activity on four
About 2kg of the leaves was collected from Viragalur male albino rates in each groups. Weighing 180-
village of Trichy Dist, Tamilnadu, India. 230gm were to be selected. These were fasted and
deprived of water for 18 hours. Prior to the
Determination of Ash Value experiment on the day of the experiment all the
Ash values are helpful in determining the quality and animal were given normal saline 25ml/kg/body
purity of the crude drugs in powder form procedure weight.9
given in Ayurvedic pharmacopeia7. Procedure was Animal were grouped into 4, each have four rates.
adopted to determine the different ash values such as Group I was taken as control which was given normal
total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, saline 25ml/kg.
sulphated ash and result shown in table 01. Group II was administered hydrochlorthiazide 1mg/kg
and normal saline (25ml/kg) and kept as standard.
Group III was administered azima tetracantha.L extract
Preparation Extracts 500mg and saline 25ml/kg.
The leaves of Azima tetracantha lam were dried under Group IV was administered azima tetracantha.L extract
shade; dried leaves were powdered to get a course 750mg and normal saline 25ml/kg.
powdered. About 100gm of powdered leaves was Immediately after administration of the drug the
evenly packed in a soxhelet apparatus and extracted animal were placed in metabolic cage specially
with ethanol by continuous hot percolation method. It designed to separate urine and feces and kept at
was carried out for 72 hours. The ethanolic extract was room temperature at 25 ± 0.5°c, and the result shown
concentrated to dry mass. After complete dryness the in Table 03, 04, 05 & 06.
extracted materials was weighed and the extractive
value was calculated with reference to the air dried Result and Discussion
powdered drug.8 This dissertation submitted comprises of the study of
pharmacognostical, preliminary phytochemical and
Drug Used diuretic studies.
Hydrochlorothiazide was used as reference standard
for the study of diuretic activity. Pharmacognostical Studies
The dried coarsely powdered leaves were subjected to
Experimental Animals hot continuous extraction with ethanol. The ethanol
Wister albino rates (male) obtained from Swamy extract was subjected to qualitative chemical analysis
Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, to detect the constituents, which shows the presence of
T.code, namakkal. 889/AE/05/CPCSEA-(Dt) 29th April carbohydrates, glycosides, phyto sterols, alkaloids &
2011.weighing 180-230gm were used for the saponins.
Int. J. Pharm & Ind. Res Vol - 01 Issue - 04 Oct – Dec 2011
3. 277
Table 01: Data Showing the Different Ash Value of Table 05: Diuretic Activity of Extract Treated in
Leaves of Azima tetracantha Lam. Animal 500mg/kg.
S.No Type of ash Ash value in % w/w Urine
Mean ±
S. No Treatment Dose volume
1. Total ash 7.32 SD
(ml)
2. Acid insoluble ash 1.02 Normal saline 25ml/kg
1. 2.7
+ Extract +500mg/kg
3. Water soluble ash 6.98
Normal saline 25ml/kg
4. Sulphated ash 14.40 2. 2.8 2.7 ±
+ Extract +500mg/kg
0.04082
Normal saline 25ml/kg
3. 2.6
+ Extract +500mg/kg
Table 02: Qualitative Chemical Tests for Normal saline 25ml/kg
4. 2.7
+ Extract +500mg/kg
Phytoconstituents in Azima tetracantha Lam.
p>0.05 when compare with control (significant)
S.No Test Ethyl alcoholic extract
1. Alkaloids +
Table 06: Diuretic Activity of Extract Treated in
2. Carbohydrates +
Animal 750mg/kg.
3. Triterpenoids + Urine
Mean ±
4. Flavonoids + S. No Treatment Dose volume
SD
(ml)
5. Proteins - Normal saline 25ml/kg
1 3.2
6. Resins - + Extract +750mg/kg
Normal saline 25ml/kg 3.3 ±
7. Tannins + 2. 3.4
+ Extract +750mg/kg 0.04082
8. Gums &mucilage - Normal saline 25ml/kg
3. 3.3
+ Extract +750mg/kg
9. Volatile oils - Normal saline 25ml/kg
4. 3.3
+ Extract +750mg/kg
P<0.001 when compare with control (significant),
Table 03: Diuretic Activity of Controlled Group. p>0.05 when compare with control (non-significant).
Urine
S.No Treatment Dose Mean ± SD
volume (ml)
1.
Normal
25ml/kg 2.2
Pharmacological Studies
saline The diuretic activity of the extract was determined by
Normal 2.475 ±
2. 25ml/kg 2.5 Taylor and Topless. In this method the 500mg/kg
saline 0.1031
Normal extracted dose not match with effect produced by the
3. 25ml/kg 2.7
saline standard10. But 750mg/kg body weight of the extract
Normal is almost equal to effect produced by the standard
4. 25ml/kg 2.5
saline
drug hydrochlorthiazide so the azima tetracantha
extract posses the diuretic effect shown in Table 03,
04, 05 & 06.
Table 04: Diuretic Activity of Hydrocholor thiazide
Treated Animal 1mg/kg. Conclusion
Urine
Mean ± The plant Azima tetracantha.L belongs to the
S. No Treatment Dose volume
SD salvadoraceae family was taken up for present study.
(ml)
1.
Normal saline + 25ml/kg
3.8
The macroscopical character, ash value was
Hydrochlor thiazide +1mg/kg determined for the leaf powder of azima tetracantha.L.
Normal saline + 25ml/kg 3.6 ±
2. 3.5 The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the leaf
Hydrochlor thiazide +1mg/kg 0.09129
Normal saline + 25ml/kg extract shows the presence of carbohydrates,
3. 3.4
Hydrochlor thiazide +1mg/kg glycosides, alkaloids, saponins. The pharmacological
Normal saline + 25ml/kg screening of ethanolic extract of azima tetracantha.L.
4. 3.7
Hydrochlor thiazide +1mg/kg Leaf shows the significant diuretic activity.
P<0.001 when compare with control (significant)
Int. J. Pharm & Ind. Res Vol - 01 Issue - 04 Oct – Dec 2011
4. 278
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