Pharmaceutical industries are still in the hunt of effective scavengers for free radicals from the unexplored
medicinal plants. About 80,000 species of plants are utilized for treating various diseases in different systems of Indian
medicine. Many pharmaceutical companies giving importance in plant-derived drugs mainly due to the current widespread
belief that 'Green Medicine' is safe and more dependable than the costly synthetic drugs, which have adverse side effects.
The objective of the study is isolation of Phytochemical active constituents, Antidiabetic, antimicrobial and
antioxidant activities of the rare Antidiabetic medicinal plant Epaltes divaricata (Linn.) since the selected plant has varied
medicinal properties used in Ayurveda. This valuable plant is used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to alleviate jaundice,
diabetes mellitus, urethral discharges and acute dyspepsia. It is also regarded as a diaphoretic, diuretic and a stimulating
expectorant.
The methanol extract of Epaltes divaricata L. showed excellent antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
Phytochemical analysis was carried out for the same extract by two different standard methods and which confirmed the
presence of steroids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds. Decreasing of postprandial hyperglycemia is a therapeutic
approach for treating diabetes mellitus. This can be achieved in current trends through the inhibition of carbohydrate
hydrolyzing enzymes such as alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase. Agents with α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory
activity are very useful as oral anti hypoglycemic agents for the control of hyperglycemia in patients who have diabetes
mellitus. In this study the methanol extract exhibited above 50% of inhibition in all standard concentration.
Preliminary phytochemical studies and evaluation of Antipyretic property of t...researchplantsciences
Purpose-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was claimed to have anti pyretic, analgesic and antimicrobial properties. The people of Idemili area in Anambra State of Nigeria use the decoction of it to treat wounds, running stomach, aches and pains as well as fever. It is to this backdrop that this investigation was carried out to ascertain the veracity of the claim.
Methodology-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was collected and dried at ambient temperature. It was pulverized into powder. 500 gm of the powdered drug was placed into a two litre beaker containing one litre of methanol. It was allowed to stand with occasional shaking for 48 h. The content was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator. The extract contains the following secondary metabolites-alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides. The antipyretic activity was investigated using brewer’s yeast to induce pyrexia.
Result -The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata exhibited significant (p<0.05) antipyretic effect at 600 mg/kg from 1 h to 4 h and at 3 h to 4 h at 300 mg/kg compared with the control.
Conclusion-The claim of Idemili people of Anambra State Nigeria on the use of Ritchiea longipedicellata appears to be obvious in line with the results of the investigation.
Article Citation:
Chinedu Fred Anowi, Ezugwu CO, Ilodigwe EE, Ajaghaku DL.
Preliminary Phytochemical Studies and Evaluation of Antipyretic Property of the Methanol Extract of the Rootbark of Ritchiea longipedicellata Gilg (capparidaceae)
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 192-195.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0048.pdf
Estimation of Bioactive Compound of Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract by Phyto...ijtsrd
Plant derived compounds have played a vital role in the development of several chemotherapeutic agents. Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant of the apocynaceae family. The leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus have many biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetes. The present study was aimed to carry out the phytochemical analysis and the GC-MS analyses of Cathranthus roseus leaf extract ensure biological activity in the presence bioactive compounds. The leaves designated to the presence of secondary metabolites (proteins, steroids, tannins,glycosides, reducing sugar, carbohydrates,saponins, sterols, terpenoids, acidic compounds, cardiac glycosides, phenols, alkaloids,flavonoids). In the GC-MS analysis the Cathranthus roseus extract result shows the presence of bioactive compounds which revealed a broad spectrum of many medicinal property and antioxidant activity were identified. This study is helped to identify bioactive compound formula and structure which can be used as pharmaceutical industries for drug discovery. S. Nathiya | N. Shaishta Jabeen | L. Jagapriya | B. Senthilkumar | K. Devi"Estimation of Bioactive Compound of Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract by Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5926.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/5926/estimation-of-bioactive-compound-of-catharanthus-roseus-leaf-extract-by-phytochemical-screening-and-gc-ms-analysis/s-nathiya
Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vivo evaluation of antipyretic effe...CrimsonAlternativemedicine
Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vivo evaluation of antipyretic effects of methanolic extract of Argyreia pilosa Wight & Arn. by DSNBK Prasanth in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine
The antipyrexia action of the methanol extract of A. pilosa had been explored utilizing the yeast evoked pyrexia procedure in rabbits. Paracetamol utilized as a positive control as well as negative control group acquired distilled water. Rectal temperatures of all rabbits had been documented instantly prior to the administration of the extract or vehicle or paracetamol as well as again at 30min period for 3h utilizing digital thermometer. The extract had been additionally phytochemically tested with regard to alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and phenols. At 400mg/kg dosage the extract revealed considerable decrease in yeast evoked raised temperature when compared with that of standard drug paracetamol where by the extract dose 200mg/kg had been less effective as compared to higher dose (p<0.05). Phytochemical testing demonstrated the existence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, steroids, acid compounds, glycosides, amino acids, and proteins. This research confirmed that this methanol extract of A. pilosa at a dose of 400mg/kg owns considerable antipyretic outcome against the yeast-induced raised temperature. The antipyretic activity of A. pilosaextract could be due to its secondary metabolites, which probably consist of flavonoids like Rutin and Quercetin; sterols like β-Sitosterol. But, further phytochemical, as well as biological tests, are recommended to determine the other active chemical constituents accountable for the antipyretic activity.
Tagetes Erecta Linn (Sunflower) Concise ReviewTECHNOXMART
A Fully Approved Concise Review Of Tagetes Erecta Linn Also Called Sunflower. This Review Is Done After Practicing & All Information Is 100% Genuine Of My Best Knowledge & Is In Fully Systematic Way.
This present survey was carried out to examine the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Pulicaria crispa (Forssk). The plant is an annual herb or a perennial, producing yellow flowers. The plant materials were collected from Khartoum state –western Omdurman area – Sudan. Four solvent (ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and water) were used in the extraction. The secondary metabolize compounds were investigated. The antibacterial activity of extracts were evaluated against four standard bacteria (Gram positive; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and (Gram negative; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The results provided that, P. crispa is contain very high amount of alkaloids; phenyl and flavonoids in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts and high amount in methanol extracts and moderate amount in water extract) ; low amount of amino acid in all extracts, high amount of protein in ethanol and low in all extracts, moderate amount of carbohydrate and Saponins in all extracts, high amount of tannins, sterol in ethanol and methanol and low amount in water and ethyl acetate extract. The result of antibacterial tests indicated that the methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extract were recorded high activity (21,20,19,18) against all bacteria at concentration (100), and low activity against all bacteria in water extract and most extracts showed same degree of antibacterial activity.
Preliminary phytochemical studies and evaluation of Antipyretic property of t...researchplantsciences
Purpose-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was claimed to have anti pyretic, analgesic and antimicrobial properties. The people of Idemili area in Anambra State of Nigeria use the decoction of it to treat wounds, running stomach, aches and pains as well as fever. It is to this backdrop that this investigation was carried out to ascertain the veracity of the claim.
Methodology-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was collected and dried at ambient temperature. It was pulverized into powder. 500 gm of the powdered drug was placed into a two litre beaker containing one litre of methanol. It was allowed to stand with occasional shaking for 48 h. The content was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator. The extract contains the following secondary metabolites-alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides. The antipyretic activity was investigated using brewer’s yeast to induce pyrexia.
Result -The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata exhibited significant (p<0.05) antipyretic effect at 600 mg/kg from 1 h to 4 h and at 3 h to 4 h at 300 mg/kg compared with the control.
Conclusion-The claim of Idemili people of Anambra State Nigeria on the use of Ritchiea longipedicellata appears to be obvious in line with the results of the investigation.
Article Citation:
Chinedu Fred Anowi, Ezugwu CO, Ilodigwe EE, Ajaghaku DL.
Preliminary Phytochemical Studies and Evaluation of Antipyretic Property of the Methanol Extract of the Rootbark of Ritchiea longipedicellata Gilg (capparidaceae)
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 192-195.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0048.pdf
Estimation of Bioactive Compound of Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract by Phyto...ijtsrd
Plant derived compounds have played a vital role in the development of several chemotherapeutic agents. Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant of the apocynaceae family. The leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus have many biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetes. The present study was aimed to carry out the phytochemical analysis and the GC-MS analyses of Cathranthus roseus leaf extract ensure biological activity in the presence bioactive compounds. The leaves designated to the presence of secondary metabolites (proteins, steroids, tannins,glycosides, reducing sugar, carbohydrates,saponins, sterols, terpenoids, acidic compounds, cardiac glycosides, phenols, alkaloids,flavonoids). In the GC-MS analysis the Cathranthus roseus extract result shows the presence of bioactive compounds which revealed a broad spectrum of many medicinal property and antioxidant activity were identified. This study is helped to identify bioactive compound formula and structure which can be used as pharmaceutical industries for drug discovery. S. Nathiya | N. Shaishta Jabeen | L. Jagapriya | B. Senthilkumar | K. Devi"Estimation of Bioactive Compound of Catharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract by Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5926.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/5926/estimation-of-bioactive-compound-of-catharanthus-roseus-leaf-extract-by-phytochemical-screening-and-gc-ms-analysis/s-nathiya
Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vivo evaluation of antipyretic effe...CrimsonAlternativemedicine
Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vivo evaluation of antipyretic effects of methanolic extract of Argyreia pilosa Wight & Arn. by DSNBK Prasanth in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine
The antipyrexia action of the methanol extract of A. pilosa had been explored utilizing the yeast evoked pyrexia procedure in rabbits. Paracetamol utilized as a positive control as well as negative control group acquired distilled water. Rectal temperatures of all rabbits had been documented instantly prior to the administration of the extract or vehicle or paracetamol as well as again at 30min period for 3h utilizing digital thermometer. The extract had been additionally phytochemically tested with regard to alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and phenols. At 400mg/kg dosage the extract revealed considerable decrease in yeast evoked raised temperature when compared with that of standard drug paracetamol where by the extract dose 200mg/kg had been less effective as compared to higher dose (p<0.05). Phytochemical testing demonstrated the existence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, steroids, acid compounds, glycosides, amino acids, and proteins. This research confirmed that this methanol extract of A. pilosa at a dose of 400mg/kg owns considerable antipyretic outcome against the yeast-induced raised temperature. The antipyretic activity of A. pilosaextract could be due to its secondary metabolites, which probably consist of flavonoids like Rutin and Quercetin; sterols like β-Sitosterol. But, further phytochemical, as well as biological tests, are recommended to determine the other active chemical constituents accountable for the antipyretic activity.
Tagetes Erecta Linn (Sunflower) Concise ReviewTECHNOXMART
A Fully Approved Concise Review Of Tagetes Erecta Linn Also Called Sunflower. This Review Is Done After Practicing & All Information Is 100% Genuine Of My Best Knowledge & Is In Fully Systematic Way.
This present survey was carried out to examine the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Pulicaria crispa (Forssk). The plant is an annual herb or a perennial, producing yellow flowers. The plant materials were collected from Khartoum state –western Omdurman area – Sudan. Four solvent (ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and water) were used in the extraction. The secondary metabolize compounds were investigated. The antibacterial activity of extracts were evaluated against four standard bacteria (Gram positive; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and (Gram negative; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The results provided that, P. crispa is contain very high amount of alkaloids; phenyl and flavonoids in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts and high amount in methanol extracts and moderate amount in water extract) ; low amount of amino acid in all extracts, high amount of protein in ethanol and low in all extracts, moderate amount of carbohydrate and Saponins in all extracts, high amount of tannins, sterol in ethanol and methanol and low amount in water and ethyl acetate extract. The result of antibacterial tests indicated that the methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extract were recorded high activity (21,20,19,18) against all bacteria at concentration (100), and low activity against all bacteria in water extract and most extracts showed same degree of antibacterial activity.
The Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activity Of Monsoon Plant-Clerodendrum S...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The increasing demands of convenient food have led to rapid growth in the ready-to-eat product category. Many of the food ingredients contain unsaturated fatty acids that are quite susceptible to quality deterioration, especially under oxidative stress. To combat this, the best strategy is addition of antioxidants. Also, natural antioxidants in the daily diet need to be encouraged in order to improve human health and prevent degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, coronary heart disease, neurogenetic disorders, cancer, atherosclerosis and inflammations by oxidation of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, DNA, etc. The DPPH method of free radical scavenging was carried out and the effect of the commercial, fresh, dried and cooked sample of Clerodendrum serratum were compared and calculated to check for its antioxidant activity. All samples showed antioxidant activity, highest being in cooked, followed by commercial, fresh and dried samples. Thus, it is advisable to consume the vegetable in cooked form at home as it shows highest radical scavenging power. The dried samples were over-heated, thereby showing minimum antioxidant activity.
The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of harmful impacts of xenobiotics in animals is attracting an increasing attention in recent times. The aim of the current study is to assess the preventive potential of Costus afer aqueous leaves extract (CAAE) in treating metabolic aberrations imposed by crude oil contaminated diet in Wistar albino rats. Six groups of rats were treated as follows: A = Normal diet; B= Normal diet + 100 mg/kg body weight of CAAE; C =Normal diet + 200 mg/kg body weight of CAAE; D= Crude oil contaminated diet; E= crude oil contaminated diet + 100 mg/kg body weight of CAAE, F = crude oil contaminated diet + 200 mg/kg body weight of CAAE. After thirty days of exposure to the diet and administration of the corresponding plant extracts, the rats were sacrificed with chloroform and the required organs were excised. The hematological indices, as well as function indicators and levels of drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver and kidney, were investigated with standard protocols. The results indicated that the hematological parameters and kidney and liver function indices were altered in rats fed with crude oil contaminated diet. However, the values came close to those in control rats when Costus afer aqueous extracts were administered. Similarly, the activities of oxidase enzymes (aldehyde oxidase, monoamine oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and sulphite oxidase), following their inhibition by the ingestion of crude oil contaminated diet, equally restored close to control values upon treatment with Costus afer aqueous extract. This study, therefore, was able to establish an aqueous extract of Costus afer leave as an antidote for crude oil intoxication.
Background: The probable mechanism of an earlier reported capacity of palm oil extracts to confer protection
against high dose cadmium poisoning in rats was reported in this study. Similar experimental design earlier reported
by us was retained. Rats therefore were sacrificed at intervals of twelve; twenty four and forty eight hours post CdCl2
insult.
Results: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione)
were assessed in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) and serum. Oxidative stress indicators showed a significantly
(p < 0.05) increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant defence systems occasioned by drop in
catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (serum, liver, heart, brain and kidneys) of the rats. Also observed were
significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione over time. Pre-administration of
rats with the crude palm oil and its extracts modulated cadmium mediated depletion of the antioxidant capacities of
rats acutely exposed to cadmium and rising lipid peroxidation profile.
Conclusions: Regulation of stress and antioxidant response was the underlying mechanism by which the extracts
conferred protection against high dose cadmium insult thus suggesting its potential as a viable therapeutic target
against its deleterious effects.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF LEAVES OF EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORALIN RATSJing Zang
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Eucalyptus citriodora(EAEEC)ethyl acetate and ethanol (EEEC)extracts on wound healing activity. Excision, incision and dead space wound healing activity was examined on wistar rats, dressed with 10% and 200 mg/kg p.o of the extracts respectively. Control groups were dressed with the simple ointment (negative control) and 5% povidone-iodine (standard) respectively. Healing was assessed based on contraction of wound size, mean epithelisation time, hydroxyproline content and histopathologicalexaminations. Excision wound healing study revealed significant reduction in wound size and mean epithelisation time and scar area. In incision model showed significant (p<0.01) variation in breaking strength and dead space model shows increase wet & dry weight of cotton pellet this indicate higher collagen synthesis in the 10% extract-treated group compared to the vehicle group. These findings were supported by histolopathological examinations of healed wound sections which showed greater tissue regeneration, more fibroblasts and angiogenesis in the 200 mg/kg extract-treated group. The extracts of Eucalyptus citriodorais a potential candidate for the treatment of dermal wounds by topical and oral administration. The extracts are deduced to have accelerated the wound repair at all the phases of the healing.
Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Some Polyherbal Extracts against Acetic A...Jing Zang
Aloe vera contains salicylic acid which is an aspirin like compound with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti bacterial properties. Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous plant in the cannabaceae family. The aim of present study was to evaluate analgesic activity of that combination extract against acetic acid induced writhing in mice. All animals were divided into four groups of six mice each. Group I was treated as toxicant control to observe writhing and group II was pretreated with diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg, i.p.) Group III and IV were pretreated with polyherbal leaves extract of Aloe vera and Cannabis sativa at two doses 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg p.o. respectively. Polyherbal extract and Diclofenac sodium were given before 60 minute of acetic acid administration. The results showed that polyherbal extract significantly reduced number of writhing when compared with group I (Toxicant control) mice and the results were dose dependent. The toxicity study also revealed its safeness, thus the combination of plant extract can be hypothesized it is nontoxic. It is concluded that polyherbal extract can offer protection against acetic acid induced writhing in mice.
The aim of the present work is to carry out acute toxicity study for root bark powder of Argemone mexicana. It is one of the potent liver tonics used for liver disorders. The exposure of this powder in the form of aqueous slurry on Swiss mice was carried out and the exposure route was oral single administration with water. The observations of changes in body weight, food and water intake as well as cage side observations were reported. The observations prove that the plant material is found to be nontoxic.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.18
ABSTRACT- Present investigations evaluated the effect of Argemone mexicana leaves extract on gut of Heliothis
armigera (Hub.) at different solvents. The effect of leaf extract of Argemone mexicana in ethanol and acetone solvent after
24 and 96 hours of treatment on Heliothis armigera shows severity of the damage of epithelial lining, epithelial cells
showed vacuoles at certain places. The gut lining was also found to be damaged and the lumen became wider after the
effect of ethanol extract of A. mexicana. In acetone extract of A. mexicana, the thickness of the fore gut wall has been
increased due to clumping of the tissue and hence the diameter of the foregut was reduced. The lumen therefore became
narrower and columnar epithelial cells showed the vacuoles.
Key-words- Heliothis armigera, Argemone mexicana, Ethanol, acetone, Epithelial lining, Epithelial cells, vacuoles, Gut
lining, Gut wall
Analgesic and Anti-diarrheal Activities of Aganosma dichotoma (Roth)Aranno Hossain
Analgesic and Anti-diarrheal Activities of Aganosma dichotoma (Roth)
K. Schum. in Swiss-Albino Mice Model
Md. Al Faruk1, Mohammad Firoz Khan2, Md. Yeunus Mian2, Mohammad Sharifur Rahman3
and Mohammad A. Rashid3
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
DPPH Scavenging Assay of Eighty Four Bangladeshi Medicinal PlantsIOSR Journals
This study was designed to screen out free radical scavenging potentiality of 84 medicinal plants. Stock solution of different plant extracts and standard were diluted to achieve suitable concentrations. A control was also prepared without plant extract solution. Then 0.004% DPPH solution was added. The mixtures were incubated in the room temperature for 30 minutes. Then the absorbance was measured at 517 nm against solvent in UV-spectrophotometer and then IC50 was calculated. In this experiment two standard were used-ascorbic acid and BHT. Both showed a significant IC50 value of 15.5μg/mL, and 46.54μg/mL respectively. Among 84 medicinal plants Syzygim cumini, Casuarina littorea, Borassus flabellifer, Enhydra fluctuans, and Minusops elengi exhibited highest radical scavenging potential with an IC50 value of 12.816μg/mL, 14.467μg/mL, 15.755μg/mL, 15.653μg/mL, and 20.380μg/mL respectively. All these value are very close to the IC50 value of ascorbic acid and better than IC50 value of BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene). Syzygim cumini is the most powerful scavenger among all tested medicinal plants and also most strong scavenger than ascorbic acid and BHT. Scavenging activity was found to increase in dose dependent manner. Another 30 medicinal plants exhibited good scavenging property and 14 medicinal plants showed moderate scavenging activity. The rest presented lower scavenging activity. This present study indicates that plants having good scavenging property may have various health beneficial effects and these plants can be considered as valuable source of bioactive components with high antioxidant properties.
The Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activity Of Monsoon Plant-Clerodendrum S...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The increasing demands of convenient food have led to rapid growth in the ready-to-eat product category. Many of the food ingredients contain unsaturated fatty acids that are quite susceptible to quality deterioration, especially under oxidative stress. To combat this, the best strategy is addition of antioxidants. Also, natural antioxidants in the daily diet need to be encouraged in order to improve human health and prevent degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, coronary heart disease, neurogenetic disorders, cancer, atherosclerosis and inflammations by oxidation of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, DNA, etc. The DPPH method of free radical scavenging was carried out and the effect of the commercial, fresh, dried and cooked sample of Clerodendrum serratum were compared and calculated to check for its antioxidant activity. All samples showed antioxidant activity, highest being in cooked, followed by commercial, fresh and dried samples. Thus, it is advisable to consume the vegetable in cooked form at home as it shows highest radical scavenging power. The dried samples were over-heated, thereby showing minimum antioxidant activity.
The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of harmful impacts of xenobiotics in animals is attracting an increasing attention in recent times. The aim of the current study is to assess the preventive potential of Costus afer aqueous leaves extract (CAAE) in treating metabolic aberrations imposed by crude oil contaminated diet in Wistar albino rats. Six groups of rats were treated as follows: A = Normal diet; B= Normal diet + 100 mg/kg body weight of CAAE; C =Normal diet + 200 mg/kg body weight of CAAE; D= Crude oil contaminated diet; E= crude oil contaminated diet + 100 mg/kg body weight of CAAE, F = crude oil contaminated diet + 200 mg/kg body weight of CAAE. After thirty days of exposure to the diet and administration of the corresponding plant extracts, the rats were sacrificed with chloroform and the required organs were excised. The hematological indices, as well as function indicators and levels of drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver and kidney, were investigated with standard protocols. The results indicated that the hematological parameters and kidney and liver function indices were altered in rats fed with crude oil contaminated diet. However, the values came close to those in control rats when Costus afer aqueous extracts were administered. Similarly, the activities of oxidase enzymes (aldehyde oxidase, monoamine oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and sulphite oxidase), following their inhibition by the ingestion of crude oil contaminated diet, equally restored close to control values upon treatment with Costus afer aqueous extract. This study, therefore, was able to establish an aqueous extract of Costus afer leave as an antidote for crude oil intoxication.
Background: The probable mechanism of an earlier reported capacity of palm oil extracts to confer protection
against high dose cadmium poisoning in rats was reported in this study. Similar experimental design earlier reported
by us was retained. Rats therefore were sacrificed at intervals of twelve; twenty four and forty eight hours post CdCl2
insult.
Results: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione)
were assessed in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) and serum. Oxidative stress indicators showed a significantly
(p < 0.05) increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant defence systems occasioned by drop in
catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (serum, liver, heart, brain and kidneys) of the rats. Also observed were
significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione over time. Pre-administration of
rats with the crude palm oil and its extracts modulated cadmium mediated depletion of the antioxidant capacities of
rats acutely exposed to cadmium and rising lipid peroxidation profile.
Conclusions: Regulation of stress and antioxidant response was the underlying mechanism by which the extracts
conferred protection against high dose cadmium insult thus suggesting its potential as a viable therapeutic target
against its deleterious effects.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF LEAVES OF EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORALIN RATSJing Zang
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Eucalyptus citriodora(EAEEC)ethyl acetate and ethanol (EEEC)extracts on wound healing activity. Excision, incision and dead space wound healing activity was examined on wistar rats, dressed with 10% and 200 mg/kg p.o of the extracts respectively. Control groups were dressed with the simple ointment (negative control) and 5% povidone-iodine (standard) respectively. Healing was assessed based on contraction of wound size, mean epithelisation time, hydroxyproline content and histopathologicalexaminations. Excision wound healing study revealed significant reduction in wound size and mean epithelisation time and scar area. In incision model showed significant (p<0.01) variation in breaking strength and dead space model shows increase wet & dry weight of cotton pellet this indicate higher collagen synthesis in the 10% extract-treated group compared to the vehicle group. These findings were supported by histolopathological examinations of healed wound sections which showed greater tissue regeneration, more fibroblasts and angiogenesis in the 200 mg/kg extract-treated group. The extracts of Eucalyptus citriodorais a potential candidate for the treatment of dermal wounds by topical and oral administration. The extracts are deduced to have accelerated the wound repair at all the phases of the healing.
Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Some Polyherbal Extracts against Acetic A...Jing Zang
Aloe vera contains salicylic acid which is an aspirin like compound with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti bacterial properties. Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous plant in the cannabaceae family. The aim of present study was to evaluate analgesic activity of that combination extract against acetic acid induced writhing in mice. All animals were divided into four groups of six mice each. Group I was treated as toxicant control to observe writhing and group II was pretreated with diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg, i.p.) Group III and IV were pretreated with polyherbal leaves extract of Aloe vera and Cannabis sativa at two doses 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg p.o. respectively. Polyherbal extract and Diclofenac sodium were given before 60 minute of acetic acid administration. The results showed that polyherbal extract significantly reduced number of writhing when compared with group I (Toxicant control) mice and the results were dose dependent. The toxicity study also revealed its safeness, thus the combination of plant extract can be hypothesized it is nontoxic. It is concluded that polyherbal extract can offer protection against acetic acid induced writhing in mice.
The aim of the present work is to carry out acute toxicity study for root bark powder of Argemone mexicana. It is one of the potent liver tonics used for liver disorders. The exposure of this powder in the form of aqueous slurry on Swiss mice was carried out and the exposure route was oral single administration with water. The observations of changes in body weight, food and water intake as well as cage side observations were reported. The observations prove that the plant material is found to be nontoxic.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.18
ABSTRACT- Present investigations evaluated the effect of Argemone mexicana leaves extract on gut of Heliothis
armigera (Hub.) at different solvents. The effect of leaf extract of Argemone mexicana in ethanol and acetone solvent after
24 and 96 hours of treatment on Heliothis armigera shows severity of the damage of epithelial lining, epithelial cells
showed vacuoles at certain places. The gut lining was also found to be damaged and the lumen became wider after the
effect of ethanol extract of A. mexicana. In acetone extract of A. mexicana, the thickness of the fore gut wall has been
increased due to clumping of the tissue and hence the diameter of the foregut was reduced. The lumen therefore became
narrower and columnar epithelial cells showed the vacuoles.
Key-words- Heliothis armigera, Argemone mexicana, Ethanol, acetone, Epithelial lining, Epithelial cells, vacuoles, Gut
lining, Gut wall
Analgesic and Anti-diarrheal Activities of Aganosma dichotoma (Roth)Aranno Hossain
Analgesic and Anti-diarrheal Activities of Aganosma dichotoma (Roth)
K. Schum. in Swiss-Albino Mice Model
Md. Al Faruk1, Mohammad Firoz Khan2, Md. Yeunus Mian2, Mohammad Sharifur Rahman3
and Mohammad A. Rashid3
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
DPPH Scavenging Assay of Eighty Four Bangladeshi Medicinal PlantsIOSR Journals
This study was designed to screen out free radical scavenging potentiality of 84 medicinal plants. Stock solution of different plant extracts and standard were diluted to achieve suitable concentrations. A control was also prepared without plant extract solution. Then 0.004% DPPH solution was added. The mixtures were incubated in the room temperature for 30 minutes. Then the absorbance was measured at 517 nm against solvent in UV-spectrophotometer and then IC50 was calculated. In this experiment two standard were used-ascorbic acid and BHT. Both showed a significant IC50 value of 15.5μg/mL, and 46.54μg/mL respectively. Among 84 medicinal plants Syzygim cumini, Casuarina littorea, Borassus flabellifer, Enhydra fluctuans, and Minusops elengi exhibited highest radical scavenging potential with an IC50 value of 12.816μg/mL, 14.467μg/mL, 15.755μg/mL, 15.653μg/mL, and 20.380μg/mL respectively. All these value are very close to the IC50 value of ascorbic acid and better than IC50 value of BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene). Syzygim cumini is the most powerful scavenger among all tested medicinal plants and also most strong scavenger than ascorbic acid and BHT. Scavenging activity was found to increase in dose dependent manner. Another 30 medicinal plants exhibited good scavenging property and 14 medicinal plants showed moderate scavenging activity. The rest presented lower scavenging activity. This present study indicates that plants having good scavenging property may have various health beneficial effects and these plants can be considered as valuable source of bioactive components with high antioxidant properties.
ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF MEMECYLON TERMINALE DALZ EXTRACTS IN ALLOXAN INDUCE...Jing Zang
Memecylon terminale Dalz is an endemic plant that is exclusively present in the Western Ghat region of Southern India. The traditional healers in this region have been using this plant extract to cure disorders such as dysentery, diabetes, diarrhea, piles, haemoptysis, menorrhagia and shown to possess carminative stomachic astringent property. The present study was carried out to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of different extracts of M. terminale Dalz in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Chloroform and methanolic extracts of M. terminale Dalz leaves were screened for hypoglycemic activity in alloxan induced diabetes in Swiss albino rats. The lipid profile was also examined in diabetic rats administered with these extracts. The efficacy of these extracts was also analyzed for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Of the two extracts, chloroform extract (500 mg/kg body weight) showed dose dependent decrease in blood glucose level which was comparable to that of control after 24 h of extract administration. On the other hand, chloroform extract also showed good lipid profile that was comparable with standard drug. As compared to chloroform extract, the methanolic extract showed good inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activity. The results of our study indicate that M. terminale Dalz plant possesses significant protective effects against alloxan induced diabetes. However, detailed structure function analysis of active ingredients of the extract is needed to be validated.
Background: Dennentia tripetalla (Pepper Fruit) belongs to the Annonaceae family and is abundant in Nigeria. Its
fruit in folklore medicine is used for treatment of varying ailments. While ample research evidence exists on the
plants fruit and seed, no current study exists on the toxicological profile of the plant leaves.
Methods: qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals and In vitro antioxidant assays were carried out using
standard methods. The acute toxicity study indicates that the LD50 was higher than 2000 mg/Kg body weight. Subchronic
toxicity studies was carried out using five groups of rats. Group 1 served as control, 2–5 received 100 mg/
Kg, 200 mg/Kg, 500 mg/Kg and 1000 mg/Kg body weight orally for 28 days.
Results: Post-administration biochemical analysis indicates there was increased weight in rats administered 100
mg/kg and 200 mg/kg while it reduced in the 500 mg/kg group. Significant elevations of liver function markers
were reported for 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. Serum and hepatic protein profiles remained unaltered.
Renal function analysis revealed elevated serum urea and creatinine for 200 and 500 mg/kg groups, elevated serum
Na+ and Ca+ and reduced serum Cl− for the 500 mg/Kg group. Elevated Kidney K+ and Ca+ levels, reduced Cl−
were significantly observed in 500 mg/Kg group. Significant rise in hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation was
observed in 200 and 500 mg/Kg groups. There were observed disarmament of the antioxidant defense systems
occasioned by rise and drop in tissue (hepatic, renal, testes, heart) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (Cat),
Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the test groups relative to control.
Histopathological examination indicated architectural aberrations at 500 and 1000 mg/kg.
Conclusions: It concluded that the plant had significant phytochemical and antioxidant properties of medical
interest and possessed toxic properties in rats when administered at a dose above 200 mg/Kg over a prolonged
period of time.
Changes in Antioxidant Enzymes in Metabolic Syndrome Patients after Consumpti...science journals
Increased oxidative stress has been suggested as an early event in the development of the metabolic syndrome and, as such, might contribute to disease progression.
Hepatoprotective Potential of Tephrosia purpurea in Thioacetamide-Induced Hep...BRNSS Publication Hub
Background: Hepatotoxicity ultimately leads to liver failure. Conventional treatment options for hepatotoxicity are limited and not safe. Aim: The present work has been designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic extract of the root of Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: The plant roots, T. purpurea, were collected from the local area of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, and verification was done by Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, and a herbarium specimen was deposited in BSI with No. LMC/PM/PD-001. All other reagents and chemicals were of suitable analytical grade and were used as received. Results: On the basis of statistical analysis, both the doses (200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt) of the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root shown significant hepatoprotective activity compare to negative control. The dose of 400 mg/kg b.wt showed better reduction in serum enzyme level compare to 200 mg/kg b.wt dose of the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root. Results were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA non-parametric) followed by Dunnett’s test with P < 0.01 considered statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it may be concluded that the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root has a significant protective effect on liver injuries.
Hepatoprotective activity and sub acute toxicity study of whole part of the p...Cây thuốc Việt
Objective: The present investigation aimed at phytochemical screening of the whole plant of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata (Orchidaceae) after successive extraction followed by hepatoprotective activity of its aqueous extract. The research work also focused on the sub acute toxicity study of
aqueous extract of the same plant. Methods: Successive extraction was carried out with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water respectively. Hepatoprotective activity of its aqueous extract was investigated in carbon tetrachloride, ethanol and paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rat models and compared with silymarin (20 mg/kg) as reference standard. Sub acute toxicity study was elicited by studying the effect of Anoectochilus formosanus on the lipid profile, biochemical parameters and hematological parameters in rats and compared with standard silymarin (20 mg/kg). Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anthraquinone glycosides, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and saponins in the aqueous extract of the plant under investigation. Two way analysis of variance study of the
estimated biochemical parameters for instance, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase were revealed that there is significant difference (p-value < 0.0001) exists between the different treatment groups supported by least significant difference test of various biochemical parameters, which was also evident from the histopathological study of liver sections. Sub acute toxicity study revealed no significant toxic effects. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus (200 mg/kg) had shown significant hepatoprotective activity as compared to standard silymarin. Sub acute toxicity studies had concluded that it might be considered safe for a longer duration of time
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
317 - In-vitro Antioxidant studies on ethanolic extracts of Boswellia ovalifo...pharmaindexing
317 - In-vitro Antioxidant studies on ethanolic extracts of Boswellia ovalifoliolata and saccharum spontaneum by DPPH, Nitric Oxide and Lipid perooxidation methods
Toxicological profile of Grewia bicolor root extractIOSRJPBS
In recent years, traditional system of medicine has become a topic of global importance. Many of the plant species that provide medicinal herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their possible medicinal, pharmacological and toxicological effects. A number of species of the genus Grewia have been used as medicinal herbs to treat several diseases in different parts of the globe. Grewia bicolor is the most famous medicinal plant among the genus Grewia. Despite the wide use of the plant in traditional medicine, so far no scientific evaluation was carried out on this plant for the preclinical toxicity profile. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of Grewia bicolor root extract. The plant extract proved that it is relatively safe through the acute and sub-acute studies.
Evaluation of Protective Efficacy of Hydro Alcoholic Extract and Methanol Fra...paperpublications3
Abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate and compare the radioprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) and methanol fraction (MF) of Tamarindus indica pod in mice against electron beam radiation. Animals were treated with 100 mg/Kg body weight of HAE and MF of T. indica for 15 consecutive days before exposing to 6Gy (sublethal dose) whole body EBR. The irradiation of animals resulted in an elevation in lipid peroxidation and reduction in glutathione, total antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities. Irradiated group had shown micronucleus in the bone marrow cells. Treatment of mice with HAE and MF before irradiation, reduced the symptoms of radiation sickness when compared with the irradiated group. Pretreated mice showed a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation followed by elevation in reduced glutathione, total antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. It also showed a reduction in the micronucleus formation in bone marrow cells. The findings of our study indicate the protective efficacy of HAE and MF on radiation induced biochemical and chromosomal changes in mice may be due to its free radical scavenging and increased antioxidant levels. It also reveals MF, a better protective agent than that of HAE of T. indica.
Similar to Preliminary Studies on Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Rare Medicinal Plant Epaltes divaricata (Linn.) (20)
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874