Dr. B. L. Sinha discusses the history and definition of precision agriculture. Precision agriculture has been practiced for hundreds of years through adaptations like the transition from horse-drawn plows to tractors. In recent decades, technology like GPS, GIS systems, and remote sensing has allowed for more precise data collection and analysis at subfield levels. This enables variable applications tailored to spatial and temporal variability in fields. By improving efficiency and reducing waste, precision agriculture benefits farmers through increased profits and more sustainable practices.
When we think of agriculture we think of cultivation,
plant life, soil fertility, types of crops, terrestrial environment,
etc. But in today’s world we associate with agriculture terms
like climate change, irrigation facilities, technological
advancements, synthetic seeds, advanced machinery etc. In
short we are interested in how science of today can help us in
the field of agriculture. And so comes into the picture
Precision Agriculture (PA).
The general definition is information and technology
based farm management system to identify, analyze and
manage spatial and temporal variability within fields for
optimum productivity and profitability, sustainability and
protection of the land resource by minimizing the production
costs. Simply put, precision farming is an approach where
inputs are utilized in precise amounts to get increased average
yields compared to traditional cultivation techniques. Hence it
is a comprehensive system designed to optimize production
with minimal adverse impact on our terrestrial system. [1]
The three major components of precision agriculture
are information, technology and management. Precision
farming is information-intense. Precision Agriculture is a
management strategy that uses information technologies to
collect valuable data from multiple sources. This type of analyzing data gives idea what to do in upcoming years to tackle the situations.
When we think of agriculture we think of cultivation,
plant life, soil fertility, types of crops, terrestrial environment,
etc. But in today’s world we associate with agriculture terms
like climate change, irrigation facilities, technological
advancements, synthetic seeds, advanced machinery etc. In
short we are interested in how science of today can help us in
the field of agriculture. And so comes into the picture
Precision Agriculture (PA).
The general definition is information and technology
based farm management system to identify, analyze and
manage spatial and temporal variability within fields for
optimum productivity and profitability, sustainability and
protection of the land resource by minimizing the production
costs. Simply put, precision farming is an approach where
inputs are utilized in precise amounts to get increased average
yields compared to traditional cultivation techniques. Hence it
is a comprehensive system designed to optimize production
with minimal adverse impact on our terrestrial system. [1]
The three major components of precision agriculture
are information, technology and management. Precision
farming is information-intense. Precision Agriculture is a
management strategy that uses information technologies to
collect valuable data from multiple sources. This type of analyzing data gives idea what to do in upcoming years to tackle the situations.
Precision agriculture is an art and science of utilizing innovative, site-specific techniques for management of spatial and temporal variability using affordable technologies… for enhancing output, efficiency, and profitability of agricultural production in an environmentally responsible manner
CROP SIMULATION MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CROP PRODUCTION.pptxSarthakMoharana
CROP SIMULATION MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CROP PRODUCTION
Crop growth is a very complex phenomenon and a product of a series of complicated interactions of soil, plant and weather.
Crop growth simulation is a relatively recent technique that facilitates quantitative understanding of the effects of these factors and agronomic management factors on crop growth and productivity.
These models are quantitative description of the mechanisms and processes that result in growth of crop. The processes could be physiological, physical and chemical processes of crop.
MAJOR & POPULAR CROP SIMULATION MODELS:
DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer)
Aqua Crop
Info Crop
APSIM (Agricultural Production System Simulator
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to maintenance of soil fertility and the plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all the possible sources of Organic, Inorganic & biological component in an integrated manner.
Precision agriculture is an art and science of utilizing innovative, site-specific techniques for management of spatial and temporal variability using affordable technologies… for enhancing output, efficiency, and profitability of agricultural production in an environmentally responsible manner
CROP SIMULATION MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CROP PRODUCTION.pptxSarthakMoharana
CROP SIMULATION MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CROP PRODUCTION
Crop growth is a very complex phenomenon and a product of a series of complicated interactions of soil, plant and weather.
Crop growth simulation is a relatively recent technique that facilitates quantitative understanding of the effects of these factors and agronomic management factors on crop growth and productivity.
These models are quantitative description of the mechanisms and processes that result in growth of crop. The processes could be physiological, physical and chemical processes of crop.
MAJOR & POPULAR CROP SIMULATION MODELS:
DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer)
Aqua Crop
Info Crop
APSIM (Agricultural Production System Simulator
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to maintenance of soil fertility and the plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all the possible sources of Organic, Inorganic & biological component in an integrated manner.
Alejandro Nin-Pratt, Jawoo Koo, and David J Spielman, International Food Policy Research Institute
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia conference “Agriculture and Rural Transformation in Asia: Past Experiences and Future Opportunities”. An international conference jointly organized by ReSAKSS-Asia, IFPRI, TDRI, and TVSEP project of Leibniz Universit Hannover with support from USAID and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the Dusit Thani Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand December 12–14, 2017.
These are the notes for Precision Farming useful in the course of Bsc(agriculture & food business) from Amity university or what so ever you are in.. All the best for your degree.!
Agriculture machinery plays a significant role to enhance the productivity.
Geo-informatics is the science that gather data regarding field conditions (Accurately). These are computational model cum strong algorithm based machinery or equipment to obtain real time data with precise application
Digital Agriculture – A key enabler for nutritional security and SDGs by Dr D...ICRISAT
Digital Agriculture - ICT and data ecosystems to support the development and delivery of timely, targeted information and services to make farming profitable and sustainable while delivering safe nutritious and affordable food for ALL.
DryArc Interface: R4D framework for collaboration between CGIAR and FAO on Dr...Francois Stepman
DryArc Interface
Chandrashekhar Biradar
Head of Geoinformatics and RDM Unit
Research Theme Leader- GeoAgro and Digital Augmentation
FAO e-Agriculture Webinar, June 15, 2020
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
Precision agriculture (1)
1. DR. B. L. SINHA
Scientist/ Assistant Professor
(Soil Water Engineering)
DKS College of Agriculture and Research Station
Indira Gandhi KrishiVishwavidyalay (Chhattisgarh)
Bhatapara
Precision Agriculture
3. HowOldisPrecisionAgriculture?
Precision Agriculture can be considered to be
hundreds of years old as any adaption to current
farming practices; in order to produce more with
less input; would be considered to be “precision”
agriculture. Some examples would be:
• The move from horses to tractors
• The introduction of bulk milk tanks versus the
can
4. Inthelast20+years
The fundamental concept of precision
agriculture, collecting data and making
decisions based on that data, has been
around for many years in paper form. This
was easier to do without technology on
small plots. But as the size of farms grew,
this no longer was possible. The larger
farms require new techniques and tools. 1
• In the 1960s and 1970 the Geographic
Information System (GIS) was one of the
first precision farming tools developed
however it was used mainly by research
institutions.
• In late 1980s the tool to tie all these
together was the Global Positioning
System (GPS). GPS receivers were used to
determine location.
5. “Now what do we do with it?”
In the infancy of precision farming, early adaptors of
precision farming in the late 1980s and early 1990s
faced many obstacles: lack of understanding, lack of
support, equipment that was still in the process of
development, and inefficiencies of design.
• The first technology used by innovators was yield
mapping, which combined GPS and yield monitors.
This was followed closely by grid sampling, which
used GPS to record soil sample points. We created the
technology to create field maps that showed patterns
of growth and yield.
• Experts said collect 10 years of data and then we will
use it – however we didn’t have answers on what to do
with it.
6. WhatisthedefinitionofPrecisionAgriculture?
Precision agriculture (PA) or satellite farming or site specific crop
management (SSCM) is a farming management concept based on
observing, measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability
in crops. 2
It has also been described as site specific farming or farming by the
foot. Basically they both represent the same thing – the ability to collect
data and make decisions in smaller areas than an entire field
• In the past farmers collected the data and averaged the entire field
(average bushels or product per acre) with the assumption that the
entire field had the same value
• Currently we have the ability to mark off/identify a small area of a
field or a subfield.
• The five areas of interest in Precision Agriculture include: subfield,
variability, technology, efficiency, benefits
7. Precision Farming
• Precision Farming is generally defined as
information and technology based farm
management system to identify, analyze and
manage variability within fields for optimum
profitability, sustainability and protection of land
resources. Precision Farming is helping many
farmers worldwide to maximize the effectiveness
of the crop inputs including seed quality,
fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation water [1].
8. Precision Farming
• However, the conventional definition of Precision
Farming is most suitable when the land holdings are
large and enough variability exists between the fields. In
India, the average land holdings are very small, even
with large and progressive farmers. The more suitable
definition for Precision Farming in the context of Indian
farming scenario could be- precise application of
agricultural inputs based on soil, weather and crop
requirement to maximize sustainable productivity,
quality and profitability
• Today, because of increasing input costs and decreasing
commodity prices, the farmers are looking for new ways
to increase efficiency and reduce costs. In this regard,
Precision Farming is an alternative to improve
profitability and productivity.
9. Whatisasubfield?
• A smaller portion of a field (dissect out
smaller areas of a field)
• Allows for more precise and accurate
decision making
• Farmers are able to make decisions
based on information from that area
• Not all decisions are appropriate in
other areas
10. Variability
Variability can be found in all fields and can be seen in soil fertility,
moisture content, soil texture, topography, plant vigor, and pest
populations. Spatial variability is the range of difference or
variation in soil composition, crop yield or insect population, and
environmental characteristic over distance and depth.
Temporal variability is the variation in crop, soil, and environmental
characteristic over time. 3
• Spatial variability is the driving force behind Precision
Agriculture
• Without variability you do not have a reason to subdivide fields.
(In the past it was an easier management decisions if you can
apply decisions to entire field)
• Allows you to implement management practices specific to each
subfield
• Soil types define much of the variability within a field
11. Efficiency
In the past, it was difficult for farmers to correlate production techniques
and crop yields with land variability. This limited their ability to develop
the most effective soil/plant treatment strategies that could have enhanced
their production.
Today, more precise application of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, and
better control of the dispersion of those chemicals are possible through
precision agriculture, thus reducing expenses, producing a higher yield, and
creating a more environmentally friendly farm. 4
• Management Efficiency is the ability of the producer to use Precision Ag
Technology for fundamental management of the operation
• Decision Making Efficiency is the ability to use financial and production
records to make decisions such as:
• No till vs. conventional tillage
• Which crops give higher return?
• The most common case for increased efficiency is variable application of
fertilizers/chemicals
12. VariableApplication
Farmers identify the variability within each field then use variable
applications systems in order to deal with the specific variances within the
field.
Variable rate application, originally used for fertilizer application on large
custom applicators, is now being used in: side dressing fertilizer, foliar
application, manure application, and in combination with on-the-go soil
monitoring equipment.
Possibly the most unique way of using variable rate is with unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAV) or drones. These vehicles are useful for in-field use
to remotely capture images of plant stress, process images into variable rate
application maps, and control by GPS to spray only those areas that need
it.5
Variable rate application – specified amounts of product in certain areas
• The goal is to have 100% of the field having the correct amount of
product.
• Broadcasting the same amount is inefficient
13. Technology
There are many innovative products, tools, and processes that are available to farmers
to use in the management of their acres.Those systems include: 5
• Guidance Systems - the cost of the light bar and GPS provides savings from the
accurate placement of rows.
• Variable Rate by Formula and by Remote-Sensed Data - There are services now
available that will determine a variable rate fertilizer application based on remote-
sensed images that measure moisture and nutrients in the soil.
• Data Collection – GPS units are getting smaller, more compact, and more
integrated. GPS provides flexibility and ease of use in the collection of spatial data.
• Sensor web - As the name implies, it consists of a group of wirelessly connected
sensors that form a web throughout an area of interest. The sensors can be
programmed to collect humidity, temperature, or other environmental attributes.
• Spatial analysis - Software programs provide analysis capabilities for the data that
they have collected.
Note: Just collecting the data is not sufficient . . . .
Data collection, data analysis, and implementation = Precision agriculture
14. Benefits
Cost savings is the biggest benefit of using precision ag
products.
Producers believe that the cost of the light bar and GPS
provides savings from the accurate placement of rows.
Comments from producers indicate that the savings in
chemicals and seed has meant a one-year to two-year payback.5
Environmental Benefits – ability to reduce or
strategically place inputs or make decisions that will reduce
impact on natural resources
• Terraces, buffer strips, products at lower rate
• Economic Benefits – decisions that result in higher
monetary return
• Lower operating cost = more income
15. Tools of Precision
Agriculture
A wrench is a tool and does not
generate cash flow by itself. The
value of precision agriculture tools is
determined by how they are used . . .
16. What are the tools of Precision Agriculture?
Global Positioning System . . . GPS
GPS can now be connected to handheld computers through
compact flash ports, secure digital ports, or even wirelessly.
Tablet computers, hardened covers, or handheld computer
devices come with data collection software. Wireless
connections to the Internet in the field allow real-time
download of aerial images or other data. This all increases the
ease of use and robustness desired by the early majority.
Geographic Information Systems . . . GIS
Intelligent Devices and Implements . . . IDI
Remote Sensing
Computers
17. What is your DEFINTION of PrecisionAgriculture?
• Include
• Subfield area
• Variability
• Efficiency
• Technology
• Benefits
• Assignment: Write your own definition of Precision
Agriculture
18. What is your DEFINTION of PrecisionAgriculture?
• Include
• Subfield area
• Variability
• Efficiency
• Technology
• Benefits
• Assignment: Write your own definition of Precision
Agriculture