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Crop diversification
- 1. CROP DIVERSIFICATION Presented by, M.A. AMBIGA DEVI III B.Sc., Agriculture Adhiparasakthi Agricultural college
- 2. Introduction • Modern agriculture- technology based • Crop dominated land use • Unsustainable production • Soil degradation • Loss of biodiversity
- 3. What is CropDiversification ? • Producing a variety of crops in a farm. Two types i. Horizontal diversification ii. Vertical diversification
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- 6. Strategies for cropdiversification • From high water requiring to water saving crops. • Replacing low yielding low value crops to high yielding high value crops. • Intercropping / mixed cropping • Shift high risk crops with short duration and drought resistant crops
- 7. Steps in cropdiversification Delineate area Choice of alternatives Input & credit supply Share the risk Market support
- 8. Crop Diversification forStates Karnataka Oilseeds, Jowar, Rice, Pulses, Maize Kerala Fruits and Vegetables, Jowar/Oilseeds, Rice, Pulses Maharashtra Jowar, Oilseeds, Cotton, Pulses, Fruits and Vegetables Goa Rice, Pulses, Coconut, Fruits and Vegetables, Oilseeds Rajasthan Bajra, Oilseeds, Pulses, Wheat, Maize Gujarat Oilseeds, Cotton, Rice, Pulse, Wheat, Tamil Nadu Rice, Fruits & Vegetables, Oilseeds, Pulse Meghalaya Rice, Fruits & Vegetables, Maize, Oilseeds, Cotton Andhra Pradesh Rice, Oilseeds, Pulses, Cotton, Fruits & Vegetables Source: Statistical Aspect of India, 1991 & Dept. of Agri. & cooperation, Govt. of India, 2008-09.
- 9. Crop diversification usingoilseeds • Rice fallow - groundnut, soybean, sunflower, sesame etc. • Intercropping • Groundnut - sunflower • Cumbu/sorghum - groundnut • Groundnut - maize • Pigeon pea - groundnut • Cotton - groundnut
- 10. Crop sequence – Cotton- groundnut – Rice - soybean – Rice - mustard - brinjal – Rice - linseed – Sorghum - sunflower - groundnut – Soybean - wheat – Rice - mustard - mungbean – Groundnut - Sunflower
- 11. Example for Cropdiversification Conventional method • Rice - Wheat Crop diversification • Rice - potato - sunflower • Hybrid rice - vegetable pea - wheat - Veg. cowpea • Maize + vegetable cowpea + sesbania - lentil + mustard - green gram • Maize + cowpea - wheat - green gram • Sorghum + cowpea - maize + black gram - onion
- 12. Gangwar et. al,Modipuram (2008) 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 NETRETURN(Rs/ha) CROPS NET RETURN
- 13. Advantages • Better useof inputs • Less risk • Maintenance of Soil fertility • Buffering climate variability • Pest suppression
- 14. Constraints • Over 63% of the cropped area - rainfed • Inadequate resources • Fragmentation of land holding • Inadequate post-harvest technologies • Weak extension linkages • Poly phagous diseases and pests • Decreased investments
- 15. Opportunities • Due toGlobalization • Due to Emerging technologies • Research and developmental support • Institutional and infrastructure developments
- 16. Government Policies • ImplementingNational Agriculture Insurance Scheme • Creation of Watershed Development Fund • Strengthening Agricultural Marketing • Seed Crop Insurance • Seed Bank Scheme • Cooperative Sector Reforms
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