This document provides information on AC & DC motors, transformers, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes the basic workings of DC motors, including their construction and types. Transformers are defined as devices that transfer electrical energy between circuits, and their construction and working principles are outlined. AC motors are explained as being powered by alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field. The document also gives an overview of PLCs, describing their basic parts and applications in industrial automation. Pictures are included to supplement the technical explanations.

1. AC & DC Motors, Transformers & PLC
G.E Motors Pvt. Ltd
13/1, G.T Road, Sheoraphuly, Hooghly, Pin- 712223

3. DC Motors
 What is a DC motor ?
A DC motor is rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical
energy into mechanical energy.

4. Working Principle of DC Motor
 In any electrical motor , operation is based on
simple electromagnetism.
 When a current-carrying conductor is placed in an
external magnetic field , it will experience a force ,
which is called Lorentz force.
 Due to this force, torque is produced which rotates
the rotor .

5. Construction of DC motor
Yoke: It is outer cover of dc motor also
called as frame.
Poles : Poles are electromagnet, the field
winding is wound over it. It produces the
magnetic flux when the field winding is
excited.
Field winding: field coil wound on pole.
The coil wound on the pole core are called
field coils. Field coils are connected in series
to form field winding.

6. Construction of DC motor
Armature core: Armature core is a cylindrical drum
mounted on the shaft. It is provided with large number of
slots and it is parallel to the shaft axis. Armature conductors
are placed in these slots.
Armature winding: Armature conductor is placed in the
armature slot, Armature conductor are interconnected to
form the armature winding.
Commutator: It is a cylindrical drum mounted on the shaft
along with the armature core.
Brushes: Current are conducted from the supply to the
armature winding through the carbon brushes which are held
against the surface of the commutator by springs.

7. Types of DC motors
 Permanent Magnet DC Motors: The permanent magnet motor uses a permanent
magnet to create field flux.
 Series DC Motors: In a series DC motor, the field is wound with a few turns of a
large wire carrying the full armature current.
 Shunt DC Motors: In shunt dc motor the connections of the field windings, as well
as the armature, can be done parallel .
 Compound DC Motors: Compound wound Dc motor is a self-excited motor. it is
a compound of both series and shunt field coils connected to the armature winding, a
series field winding connected in series with the armature and a shunt field winding
connected in parallel to the armature.

8. Pictures Collected from Training

10. Transformer
 What is a Transformer ?
A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical
energy from one electrical circuit to one or more circuits.
Transformers are used for increasing or decreasing the alternating
voltages in electric power applications.
o Types of Transformer
a. Core type Transformer .
b. Shell Type Transformer .

11. Construction of Transformer
 A transformer consists of two inductive windings and a laminated steel core. The coils
are insulated from each other as well as from the steel core. A transformer may also
consist of a container for winding and core assembly.
Primary winding - These are the winding to which the
input voltage is applied.
Secondary winding - These are the winding to which the
output voltage is applied.
Core -The core acts as support to the winding in the
transformer. It also provides a low reluctance path to the
flow of magnetic flux. It is made of laminated soft iron
core in order to reduce eddy current loss

12. Working principles of a transformer
A transformer consists of two electrically isolated coils and operates on Faraday's
principal of “mutual induction”, in which an EMF is induced in
the transformers secondary coil by the magnetic flux generated by the voltages and
currents flowing in the primary coil winding.
Step down transformers - If the number of turns on
the secondary coil is less than the number on the primary
coil, then the output voltage will be smaller than the input
voltage.
Step up transformers - If the secondary coil has more turns
than the primary coil then the output voltage is bigger than
the input voltage.

13. Pictures Collected from Training

14. AC Motor

15. AC MOTORS

16. AC motors
 An AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current (AC).
In another words the motor that converts the alternating current into mechanical
power by using an electromagnetic induction phenomenon is called an AC motor.
This motor is driven by an alternating current.
The AC motor commonly consists of two basic
parts, an outside stator having coils supplied
with alternating current to produce a rotating
magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the
output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic
field.

17. Construction of AC Motor
 It consists of a Frame or Yoke, stator, rotor, bearings, fan,
shaft, and slip rings.
1) The frame is used as an outer protecting cover that is used
to protect against environmental conditions.
2) The stator is the stationary part of the machine on which
the stator winding is enclosed.
3) The rotor is the rotating part of the machine on which the
rotor conductors are housed.
4) The bearings provide proper friction for the rotor to run
smoothly.
5) A fan is employed to remove the unwanted heat that gained
during the running of the rotor.

18. Types of AC motors

19. Pictures Collected from Training

20. Programmable logic
controller

21. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)
A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an
industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the
state of input devices and makes decisions based upon a custom
program to control the state of output devices.

22. Application of PLC
Where PLC is used ?
PLC, or programmable controller is a digital
computer used for automation of typically
industrial electromechanical processes, such as
control of machinery on factory assembly lines,
amusement rides, or light
fixtures. PLCs are used in many machines, in
many industries.

23. Basic parts of PLC
•Processor
•Memory
•Input/output devices
•Programming panel or unit
•Power supply

24. Pictures Collected from Training

25. Conclusion of Industrial visit
During one semester training period, a lot of experience, knowledge and
exposure that I have gained. During my industrial training, there are many
changes from the point of learning environments and discussion among
colleagues. It can directly increase the dedication and rational attitude
toward myself.

26. Thank
You