The document explains elliptical sentences, which are shorter sentences formed by omitting certain words while retaining meaning. It provides examples of their usage in various contexts, such as normal conversation, comparisons, and clauses. Additionally, it discusses how to use 'so', 'too', 'either', and 'neither' in positive and negative sentences.

1. ELIPTICAL SENTENC E
PRESENTED BY:
RUDI SALAM SINULINGGA

2. Ellipsis means leaving
something out.

3. What is Eliptical Sentence?
Elliptical sentence is a
shorter form of sentence
which some words have been
omitted, but it retains the
same meaning. It is used so
that we can avoid
unnecessary repeated words.

4. It is noticeable that elliptical
sentences are used quite common in
some contexts as:
[1] In normal conversation
[2] In comparison
[3] In sentences joined by coordinating
conjunctions
[4] In some dependent clauses
[5] In reduced clauses
[6] When used with "SO, TOO, EITHER,
NEITHER"

5. 1. In normal conversation
Example:
A: Where are you going?
B: To school. (= I am going to school.)
A: Ready? (= Are you ready?)
B: Yes, I am. (= Yes, I am ready.)

6. 2. In comparison
• Phalla is taller than Phearom.
(= Phalla is taller than Phearom is tall.)
• The ads attracted younger than older people.
(= The ads attracted younger than it attracted older
people.)

7. 3. In sentences joined by
coordinating conjunctions
• I have washed and ironed my clothes.
(= I have washed my clothes, and I have ironed my
clothes.)
• Bora likes football, Phalla volleyball, and Sopheak
basketball.
(= Bora likes football, Phalla likes volleyball, and Sopheak
likes basketball.)
• Kolab has five dollars, and Sopheak three.
(= Kolab has five dollars, and Sopheak has three
dollars.)

8. 4. In some dependent clauses
Example:
• If you clean the house today, i will tomorrow.
(= If you clean the house today, i will clean the house
tomorrow.)
• I will go to the party if you will.
(= I will go to the party if you will go to the party.)

9. 5. In reduced clauses
• The song sung by Preap Sovath was so popular.
(= The song which was sung by Preap Sovath was so popular. )
• The man selling the shoes is my friend.
(= The man who is selling the shoes is my friend.)
• The police has found the car stolen yesterday.
(= The police has found the car which was stolen yesterday.)
• When studying, he tried hard.
(= When he was studying, he tried hard. )
• I visited the Bayon Temple after coming back from
Battambang.
(= I visited the Bayon Temple after I came back from
Battambang. )
• Though a bit nervous, she presented the products to the
doctor very well.
(= Though she was a bit nervous, she presented the products to
the doctor very well. )

10. 6. When used with "SO, TOO,
EITHER, NEITHER"
• My sister is tall, and so do my brothers.
(= My sister is tall, and my brothers are tall, too.)
• A : I was very sleepy last night. B : So am I.
(= A : I was very sleepy last night. B : I am hungry, too.)
• My mom likes mangoes and my brother does too.
(= My mom likes mangoes, and my brother likes mangoes, too.)
• He didn't say anything, and I didn't either.
(= He didn't say anything, and I didn't say anything, too.)
• Her father likes to travel, and she does either.
(= Her father likes to travel, and she likes to travel, too.)
• He didn't study hard, and neither did I.
(= He didn't study hard, and I didn't study hard, too.)
• She doesn't review the lessons, and neither her friend.
(= She doesn't review the lessons, and her friend didn't review
the lessons, too.)

11. Penggunaan too /tu:/ untuk 2
kalimat yang sama-sama positive
(+). Contoh dengan(tenses 1) simple
present
tense, menggunakan katakerja be
(am, are is) dengan katasifat
(adjective) fine /fain/ = baik.Example:
1. I am fine and you are, too.
Saya baik dan kamu juga.
2. You are fine and I am, too.
Kamu baik dan saya juga.
3. We are fine and they are, too.
Kita baik dan mereka juga.

12. Penggunaan so /sou/ untuk 2 kalimat yang sama-
sama positive (+). Contoh dengan(tenses 1) simple
present tense, menggunakan katakerja be (am, are
is) dengan katasifat (adjective) fine /fain/ = baik.
Exmple:
1. I am fine and so are you .
Saya baik dan juga kamu .
2. You are fine and so am I.
Kamu baik dan juga saya.
3. We are fine and so are they.
KIta baik dan juga mereka.

13. Penggunaan either /i:dher/ untuk 2 kalimat
yang sama-sama negative (-). Contoh
dengan (tenses 1) simple present
tense, menggunakan katakerja be (am, are
is) dengankatasifat (adjective) fine /fain/ = baik.
Example:
1. I am not fine and you are not, either.
Saya tidak baik dan kamu tidak juga.
2.You are not fine and I am not, either.
Kamu tidak baik dan saya tidak juga.
3. We are not fine and they are not, either.
KIta tidak baik dan mereka tidak juga.

14. Penggunaan neither /ni:dher/ untuk 2
kalimat yang sama-sama negative (-). Contoh
dengan (tenses 1) simple present
tense, menggunakan katakerja be (am, are
is) dengankatasifat (adjective) fine /fain/ =
baik.
Example:
I am not fine and neither are you.
Saya tidak baik dan kamu tidak juga.
You are not fine and neither am I.
Kamu tidak baik dan saya tidak juga.
We are not fine and neither are they.
KIta tidak baik dan mereka tidak juga.

15. EXERCISE
1. Mereka baik dan kita juga.
2. Kalian baik dan mereka juga.
3. Jerry baik dan John juga.
4. Mereka baik dan juga kita.
5. Kalian baik dan juga mereka.
6. Tom baik dan juga Cndy.
7. Mereka tidak baik dan kita tidak juga.
8. Kalian tidak baik dan mereka tidak juga.
9. Mereka tidak baik dan kita tidak juga.
10. Kalian tidak baik dan mereka tidak juga.