This document provides an overview of safety training for the safe use of power tools. It discusses applicable regulations, specific hazards of power tools like electricity, vibration, noise and injuries. It outlines safe practices like use of personal protective equipment and proper guarding of tools. It provides guidance on safe work practices for different types of power tools and ensuring tools are suitable, inspected, and users are trained for their proper use.

1. Safety Training Safe Use of Power Tools ©Consultnet Limited

2. Safe Use of Power Tools Course Content Introduction Applicable Regulations Specific Hazards Electricity Vibration Noise Eye Injuries Safe Practices Use of PPE Conclusions ©Consultnet Limited

3. Safe Use of Power Tools Introduction Overall Aims: On completion of this unit, candidates will understand: The risks and hazards from the use of power tools; The basic measures to be taken to minimise risk. ©Consultnet Limited

4. Power tools can be hazardous when improperly used. There are several types of power tools, based on the power source they use: electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, hydraulic, and powder-actuated. Power tools include: drills, grinders, impact tools, jack hammers, riveting guns, sanders, saws, sprayers and wrenches. Employees should be trained in the use of all tools - not just power tools. They should understand the potential hazards as well as the safety precautions to prevent those hazards from occurring. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of Power Tools Introduction

5. Safe Use of Power Tools Relevant Legislation The Safety Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 Section 8 requires every employer to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all of his or her employees. Of particular relevance is the requirement on the design, provision and maintenance of (i) safe workplaces (ii) safe means of access to and egress from the workplace and (iii) safe plant and machinery. Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application) Regulations 2007; which contains general requirements for the use of work equipment and on electricity. The requirements for work equipment include that: It is suitable for the work to be done and used without risk; When selecting work equipment account is taken of the working conditions and hazards of the workplace; Where risks cannot be fully eliminated they are minimised; Where the work equipment gives rise to specific tasks, its use is restricted to those who are required to use it and that employees who have to carry out repairs are competent to do so; Employees are given information and instruction on the use of the equipment; It is properly maintained; In the case of work equipment which is exposed to conditions causing deterioration liable to result in a danger to safety or health, periodic inspections and, where appropriate, testing are carried out. ©Consultnet Limited

6. The responsibilities on users of work equipment are covered in the Safety Health & Welfare at Work Act 2005; Section 13 requires employees to: T ake reasonable care to protect his or her own safety, health and welfare and that of any other person who may be affected by his or her acts or omissions at work, taking account of the training and instructions given by the employer, correctly use any article or substance and protective clothing and equipment provided for use at work or for his or her protection; To report to the employer, or other appropriate person, as soon as they become aware of any instance: Where work being carried on, or likely to be carried on, in a manner which may endanger his or her safety, health or welfare or that of another person; Of any defect in the place of work, the systems of work or in any article or substance likely to endanger him or her or another person; A breach of safety and health legislation likely to endanger him or her or another person which comes to his or her attention. Safe Use of Power Tools Relevant legislation Responsibilities of Users ©Consultnet Limited

7. Safety Training Power Tool Safety ©Consultnet Limited Specific Hazards

8. Safe Use of Power Tool Tool Hazards A fast power tool can chop your fingers off in a second! The most common power tool accidents involve injuries to the fingers; This can be anything from a minor cut to losing the entire finger; Approximately half off all finger amputations each year are the result of an injury involving a power tool; The most common power tool involved in these cases are various types of saws. ©Consultnet Limited

9. Mechanical entanglement in rotating spindles or sanding discs; Waste material flying out of the cutting area; Coming into contact with the cutting blades or drill bits; Risk of hitting electricity, gas or water services when drilling into building surfaces; Manual handling problem with a risk of injury if the tool is heavy or very powerful; Hand-arm vibration especially with petrol strimmers and chainsaws; Tripping hazard from trailing cables or power supplies; Eye hazard from flying particles; Explosion risk with petrol driven tools or when used near flammable liquids or gases ; High noise levels with routers, planes and saws in particular; Poorly designed tool- ergonomic hazards such as wrist strain; Exposure to dust and fumes; Electrical hazards due to frayed or damaged electrical cords, hazardous connections and improper grounding. Safe Use of Power Tool Tool Hazards ©Consultnet Limited

10. Grinding machine The hazards include: Contact with the rotating wheel causing abrasion; Drawing in between the rotating wheel and a badly adjusted tool rest; Bursting of the wheel, ejecting fragments which puncture the operator; Electrical through faulty wiring and/or earthing or during maintenance; Fragments given off during the grinding process causing eye injury; Hot fragments given off which could cause a fire; Noise produced during the grinding process; Possible health hazard from dust/particles/fumes given off during grinding. Safe Use of Power Tool Tool Hazards ©Consultnet Limited

11. Brush cutter/strimmer Entanglement with rotating parts of motor and shaft; Cutting from contact with cutting head/line; Electric shock, if electrically powered but this is unlikely; Burns from hot parts of the engine; Fire from the use of highly flammable petrol as a fuel; Possible noise hazard from the drive motor and cutting action; Eye and face puncture wounds from ejected particles; Health hazard from vibration causing white finger and other problems; Back strain from carrying the machine while operating; Health hazards from animal faeces. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of Power Tool Tool Hazards

12. Safety Training Power Tool Safety ©Consultnet Limited Safe Work Practices

13. Suitability - all tools should be suitable for the purpose and location in which they are to be used; Inspection - all tools should be maintained in a safe and proper condition; Training - all users of hand tools should be properly trained in their use. This may well have been done through apprenticeships and similar training; Safe Use of Power Tool Basic Power Tool Safety ©Consultnet Limited

14. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Minimize the Hazards The following general precautions should be observed by power tool users: Never carry a tool by the cord or hose; Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the receptacle; Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges; Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing, and when changing accessories such as blades, bits and cutters; All observers should be kept at a safe distance away from the work area; Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool; Avoid accidental starting. The worker should not hold a finger on the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool; Tools should be maintained with care. They should be kept sharp and clean for the best performance. Follow instructions in the user's manual for lubricating and changing accessories; Be sure to keep good footing and maintain good balance; The proper apparel should be worn. Loose clothing, ties, or jewelry can become caught in moving parts; All portable electric tools that are damaged shall be removed from use and tagged "Do Not Use." ©Consultnet Limited

15. Hazardous moving parts of a power tool need to be safeguarded. For example, belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums, fly wheels, chains, or other reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts of equipment must be guarded if such parts are exposed to contact by employees. Guards, as necessary, should be provided to protect the operator and others from the following: point of operation; in-running nip points; rotating parts; and flying chips and sparks. Safety guards must never be removed when a tool is being used. For example, portable circular saws must be equipped with guards. An upper guard must cover the entire blade of the saw. A retractable lower guard must cover the teeth of the saw, except when it makes contact with the work material. The lower guard must automatically return to the covering position when the tool is withdrawn from the work. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice - Guards ©Consultnet Limited

16. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice - Guards Guard exposed moving parts of power tools Guard belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, flywheels, chains, or other moving parts Never remove a guard when a tool is in use ©Consultnet Limited This shows a radial arm saw equipped with proper point of operation guards Portable circular saws equipped with guards above and below the base plate or shoe. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth.

17. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice - Guards Machine guards must protect the operator and others from: Point of operation; In-running nip points; Rotating parts; Flying chips and sparks. ©Consultnet Limited Nip Point

18. Hand-held power tools must be equipped with: Constant pressure switch Shuts off power upon release; Examples: circular saw, chain saw, grinder, hand-held power drill. On-Off Switch Examples: routers, planers, laminate trimmers, shears, jig saws, nibblers, scroll saws. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Safety Switches ©Consultnet Limited

19. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Powered Abrasive Wheel Tools Powered abrasive grinding, cutting, polishing, and wire buffing wheels create special safety problems because they may throw off flying fragments; Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be inspected closely and sound- or ring-tested to be sure that it is free from cracks or defects. To test, wheels should be tapped gently with a light non-metallic instrument. If they sound cracked or dead, they could fly apart in operation and so must not be used. A sound and undamaged wheel will give a clear metallic tone or "ring”; To prevent the wheel from cracking, the user should be sure it fits freely on the spindle. The spindle nut must be tightened enough to hold the wheel in place, without distorting the flange. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations. Care must be taken to assure that the spindle wheel will not exceed the abrasive wheel specifications; Due to the possibility of a wheel disintegrating (exploding) during start-up, the employee should never stand directly in front of the wheel as it accelerates to full operating speed; Portable grinding tools need to be equipped with safety guards to protect workers not only from the moving wheel surface, but also from flying fragments in case of breakage; In addition, when using a powered grinder: Always use eye protection; Turn off the power when not in use; Never clamp a hand-held grinder in a vice. ©Consultnet Limited

20. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Powered Abrasive Wheel Tools Failure to Ring Test Failure to ring test could result in a disintegrating wheel. This could lead to serious injury or death. Before mounting: inspect closely for damage; perform sound- or ring-test to ensure free from cracks / defects. To test: tap wheel gently with a light, non-metallic instrument; if wheel sounds cracked or dead, do not use it because it could fly apart. ©Consultnet Limited

21. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Powered Abrasive Wheel Tools To prevent cracking: Fit the wheel on the spindle freely; Tighten the spindle nut enough to hold the wheel in place without distorting the flange; Let the tool come up to speed prior to grinding or cutting; Don’t stand in front of the wheel as it comes up to full speed; Use eye and/or face protection. ©Consultnet Limited Ensure the spindle speed doesn’t exceed the maximum speed marked on the wheel

22. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Pneumatic Tools Pneumatic tools are powered by compressed air and include chippers, drills, hammers, and sanders. There are several dangers encountered in the use of pneumatic tools. The main one is the danger of getting hit by one of the tool's attachments or by some kind of fastener the worker is using with the tool. Eye protection is required and face protection is recommended for employees working with pneumatic tools. Noise is another hazard. Working with noisy tools such as jackhammers requires proper, effective use of hearing protection. When using pneumatic tools, employees must check to see that they are fastened securely to the hose to prevent them from becoming disconnected. A short wire or positive locking device attaching the air hose to the tool will serve as an added safeguard. A safety clip or retainer must be installed to prevent attachments, such as chisels on a chipping hammer, from being unintentionally shot from the barrel. Screens must be set up to protect nearby workers from being struck by flying fragments around chippers, riveting guns, staplers, or air drills. Compressed air guns should never be pointed toward anyone. Users should never "dead-end" it against themselves or anyone else. ©Consultnet Limited

23. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Pneumatic Tools ©Consultnet Limited Wire used to secure hose Unacceptable Acceptable

24. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Power Actuated Tools Powder-actuated tools operate like a loaded gun and should be treated with the same respect and precautions. In fact, they are so dangerous that they must be operated only by specially trained employees. Safety precautions to remember include the following: These tools should not be used in an explosive or flammable atmosphere. Before using the tool, the worker should inspect it to determine that it is clean, that all moving parts operate freely, and that the barrel is free from obstructions. The tool should never be pointed at anybody. The tool should not be loaded unless it is to be used immediately. A loaded tool should not be left unattended, especially where it would be available to unauthorized persons. Hands should be kept clear of the barrel end. To prevent the tool from firing accidentally, two separate motions are required for firing: one to bring the tool into position, and another to pull the trigger. The tools must not be able to operate until they are pressed against the work surface with a force of at least 5 pounds greater than the total weight of the tool. ©Consultnet Limited

25. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Power Actuated Tools Additional safety precautions to remember include the following: If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing it again. If it still will not fire, the user should wait another 30 seconds so that the faulty cartridge is less likely to explode, than carefully remove the load. The bad cartridge should be put in water. Suitable eye and face protection are essential when using a powder-actuated tool. The muzzle end of the tool must have a protective shield or guard centered perpendicularly on the barrel to confine any flying fragments or particles that might otherwise create a hazard when the tool is fired. The tool must be designed so that it will not fire unless it has this kind of safety device. All powder-actuated tools must be designed for varying powder charges so that the user can select a powder level necessary to do the work without excessive force. If the tool develops a defect during use it should be tagged and taken out of service immediately until it is properly repaired. ©Consultnet Limited

26. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Fatal Fact Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder actuated tool. Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood form in preparation for pouring a concrete wall. ©Consultnet Limited

27. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Fasteners When using powder-actuated tools to apply fasteners, there are some precautions to consider: Fasteners must not be fired into material that would let them pass through to the other side. The fastener must not be driven into materials like brick or concrete any closer than 3 inches to an edge or corner. In steel, the fastener must not come any closer than one-half inch from a corner or edge. Fasteners must not be driven into very hard or brittle materials which might chip or splatter, or make the fastener ricochet. An alignment guide must be used when shooting a fastener into an existing hole. A fastener must not be driven into a spalled area caused by an unsatisfactory fastening. ©Consultnet Limited

28. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Hydraulic Power Tools The fluid used in hydraulic power tools must be an approved fire-resistant fluid and must retain its operating characteristics at the most extreme temperatures to which it will be exposed. The manufacturer's recommended safe operating pressure for hoses, valves, pipes, filters, and other fittings must not be exceeded. JACKS All jacks - lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks - must have a device that stops them from jacking up too high. Also, the manufacturer's load limit must be permanently marked in a prominent place on the jack and should not be exceeded. A jack should never be used to support a lifted load. Once the load has been lifted, it must immediately be blocked up. Use wooden blocking under the base if necessary to make the jack level and secure. If the lift surface is metal, place a 1-inch-thick hardwood block or equivalent between it and the metal jack head to reduce the danger of slippage. ©Consultnet Limited

29. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Hydraulic Power Tools - JACKS To set up a jack, ensure: The base is on a firm, level surface; Jack is correctly centered; The jack head is placed against a level surface; You apply the lift force evenly; Lubricate and inspect jacks regularly; Proper maintenance of jacks is essential for safety. All jacks must be inspected before each use and lubricated regularly; If a jack is subjected to an abnormal load or shock, it should be thoroughly examined to make sure it has not been damaged; Hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing temperatures must be filled with an adequate antifreeze liquid; The manufacturer's rated capacity must be marked on all jacks and must not be exceeded; All jacks must have a stop indicator that is not exceeded. ©Consultnet Limited

30. The circular saw is probably the most commonly used power saw and perhaps the most commonly abused. Familiarity should not breed carelessness. The following are specific safety musts when using any portable circular saws: Always wear safety goggles or safety glasses with side shields and a full face shield when needed. Use a dust mask in dusty work conditions. Wear hearing protection. Don't wear loose clothing, jewelry or dangling objects, including long hair, that may catch in rotating parts or accessories. Don't use a circular saw that is too heavy for you to easily control. Be sure the switch actuates properly. It should turn the tool on and return to the off position after release. Use sharp blades. Dull blades cause binding, stalling and possible kickback. They also waste power and reduce motor and switch life. Use the correct blade for the application. Check this carefully. Does it have the proper size and shape arbor hole? Is the speed marked on the blade at least as high as the no-load RPM on the saw's nameplate? Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Portable Circular Saws ©Consultnet Limited

31. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Portable Circular Saws Before using the saw make sure: that power supply is off and check blades for cracks, burn marks, etc. that the on-off switch works properly. make sure the plug and lead is not damaged. that the guards are present & secure. If they are spring loaded ensure they are working properly. Check often to ensure that guards return to their normal position quickly. If a guard seems slow to return or hangs up, repair or adjust it immediately. Never defeat the guard to expose the blade by, for example, tying it back or removing it. Before starting a circular saw, be sure the power cord and extension cord are out of the blade path and are long enough to freely complete the cut. Keep aware of the cord location. A sudden jerk or pulling on the cord can cause loss of control of the saw and a serious accident. For maximum control, hold the saw firmly with both hands after securing the workpiece. Clamp workpieces. Check frequently to be sure clamps remain secure. Avoid cutting small pieces that can't be properly secured and material on which the saw shoe can't properly rest. When you start the saw, allow the blade to reach full speed before contacting the workpiece. When making a partial cut, or if power is interrupted, release the trigger immediately and don't remove the saw until the blade has come to a complete stop. ©Consultnet Limited

32. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Portable Circular Saws WHAT ARE THE ELECTRICAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING POWER SAWS?? Use 110 volt supply to reduce risk of lethal electric shock. Use of residual current device gives additional protection. Tools should be earthed and double insulated. awareness of working near water. When making adjustments, unplug the saw. Saws must be checked regularly by a competent electrician. Check for the presence of electrical and other services before cutting or drilling. MISUSE AND IGNORANCE OF POWER SAWS CAN LEAD TO VERY SERIOUS INJURIES ©Consultnet Limited

33. Is it safe? ©Consultnet Limited

34. Safe Use of Power Tools Good Practice – Portable Drills Available in a variety of types and capacities, portable power drills are undoubtedly the most used power tools. Because of their handiness and application to a wide range of jobs, drills often receive heavy use. For this reason, you'll need to check with care your drill's capacity limitations and accessory recommendations. Check carefully for loose power cord connections and frays or damage to the cord. Replace damaged tool and extension cords immediately. Be sure the chuck is tightly secured to the spindle. This is especially important on reversible type drills. Tighten the bit securely as prescribed by the owner/operator's manual. The chuck key must be removed from the chuck before starting the drill. A flying key can be an injury-inflicting missile. Check auxiliary handles, if part of the tool. Be sure they are securely installed. Always use the auxiliary drill handle when provided. It gives you more control of the drill, especially if stalled conditions occur. Grasp the drill firmly by insulated surfaces. Always hold or brace the tool securely. Brace against stationary objects for maximum control. If drilling in a clockwise -- forward -- direction, brace the drill to prevent a counterclockwise reaction. Don't force a drill. Apply enough pressure to keep the drill bit cutting smoothly. If the drill slows down, relieve the pressure. Forcing the drill can cause the motor to overheat, damage the bit and reduce operator control. ©Consultnet Limited

35. Safe Use of Power Tools General Safety Precautions - Summary Employees who use hand and power tools and who are exposed to the hazards of falling, flying, abrasive and splashing objects, or exposed to harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases must be provided with the particular personal equipment necessary to protect them from the hazard. All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance. Use the right tool for the job. Examine each tool for damage before use. Operate according to the manufacturer's instructions. Provide and use the proper protective equipment. Employees and employers have a responsibility to work together to establish safe working procedures. If a hazardous situation is encountered, it should be brought to the attention of the proper individual immediately. ©Consultnet Limited

36. Before you start a job, INSPECT EQUIPMENT and TOOLS to see that they’re in good shape. Worn, defective or carelessly operated tools are the direct cause of many electrical accidents. Always choose the right tool for the right job. Hand tools should have insulated grips. Don’t use if the insulation is defective. Portable electrical tools often present a high risk of injury, which is frequently caused by the conditions under which they are used including the use of defective or unsuitable equipment and the misuse of equipment. Many accidents are caused by faulty flexible cables, extension leads, plugs and sockets. Accidents often occur when contact is made with some part of the tool which has become live while the user is standing on, or in contact with, an earthed conducting surface. SIR = S ELECT- I NSPECT- R EJECT ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of Power Tools Inspect tools & equipment:

37. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of Power Tools Inspection- What to look out for? Is there a recent portable appliance test (PAT) label attached to the equipment? Are any bare wires visible? Is the cable covering undamaged, internal wires visible and free from cuts and abrasions? Is the cable too long or too short? (Does it present a trip hazard?) Is the plug in good condition, for example, the casing is not cracked and the pins are not bent? Are there no taped or other non-standard joints in the cable? Is the outer covering (sheath) of the cable gripped where it enters the plug or the equipment? Is the outer case of the equipment undamaged or loose and are all screws in place? Are there any overheating or burn marks on the plug, cable, sockets or the equipment? Are the trip devices (RCDs) working effectively (by pressing the 'test' button)? SIR = S ELECT- I NSPECT- R EJECT

38. Safety Training Power Tool Safety ©Consultnet Limited Specific Hazards - Electricity

39. Power Tools & Electricity Employees using electric tools must be aware of several dangers; the most serious is the possibility of electrocution. Among the chief hazards of electric-powered tools are burns and slight shocks which can lead to injuries or even heart failure. Under certain conditions, even a small amount of current can result in fibrillation of the heart and eventual death. A shock also can cause the user to fall off a ladder or other elevated work surface. ©Consultnet Limited

40. Electrical service cords should be in good condition. Remove from service any equipment with frayed cords or exposed wires, Never use temporary wiring. All electrical equipment must be grounded, use 3-pronged plugs Water can turn anything into an electrical conductor - don’t stand in water or have water on your hands when using electrical equipment. Follow the safe work procedures on electrical isolation and tagging. Don’t Use Nails, Staples, Screws, etc, To Attach Or Fasten A Cord Or Plug. Never bypass any safety device on a piece of electrical equipment. No electrical work shall be performed except by a qualified person. Never use temporary wiring. Keep electrical cables in a safe & good condition– away from water & traffic. Hazards increase with the frequency of use and the harshness of the environment. ©Consultnet Limited Power Tools & Electricity Reducing Electrical Hazards

41. ©Consultnet Limited Power switches must be off when inserting or removing plugs. Don’t pull or jerk cord to unplug equipment. Don’t stack a plug as this can overload the power point and result in a fire. Use a single plug for each electrical connection. Keep power cords clear of heat, water, sharp objects, etc. Extension cords – make sure they are the right size and rating for your tools. Power Tools & Electricity Plugs & extension cords

42. Protective Systems Fuses Earthing Isolation Reduced low voltage systems Residual current devices Double insulation ©Consultnet Limited Power Tools & Electricity Control Measures

43. An electrical shock is received when electrical current passes through the body. You will get an electrical shock if a part of your body completes an electrical circuit by: Touching a live wire and an electrical ground, or Touching a live wire and another wire at a different voltage. Severity of the shock depends on: Path of current through the body; Amount of current flowing through the body (amps); Duration of the shocking current through the body. ©Consultnet Limited Power Tools & Electricity Electric Shock

44. On finding a person suffering from electric shock, raise the alarm by calling for help from colleagues (including a trained first aider). Switch off the power if it is possible and/or the position of the emergency isolation switch is known. Call for an ambulance. If it is not possible to switch off the power, then push or pull the person away from the conductor using an object made from a good insulator, such as a wooden chair or broom. Remember to stand on dry insulating material, for example, a wooden pallet, rubber mat or wooden box. If these precautions are not taken, then the rescuer will also be electrocuted. If the person is breathing, place them in the recovery position so that an open airway is maintained and the mouth can drain if necessary. If the person is not breathing apply mouth to mouth resuscitation and, in the absence of a pulse, chest compressions. When the person is breathing normally place them in the recovery position. Treat any burns by placing a sterile dressing over the burn and secure with a bandage. Any loose skin or blisters should not be touched nor any lotions or ointments applied to the burn wound. If the person regains consciousness, treat for normal shock. Remain with the person until they are taken to a: hospital or local surgery. ©Consultnet Limited Power Tools & Electricity Electric Shock Response

45. ©Consultnet Limited

46. Most common shock-related injury. Occurs when you touch electrical wiring or equipment that is improperly used or maintained. Typically occurs on hands. Very serious injury that needs immediate attention. ©Consultnet Limited Power Tools & Electricity Electric Burns

47. In the case of a fire involving electrical equipment, the first action must be the isolation of the power supply so that the circuit is no longer live. Where it is not possible to switch off the current, the fire must be attacked in a way which will not cause additional danger. The use of a non-conducting extinguishing medium, such as carbon dioxide or powder, is necessary. After extinguishing such a fire careful watch should be kept for renewed outbreaks until the fault has been rectified. Re-ignition is a particular problem when carbon dioxide extinguishers are used, although less equipment may be damaged than is the case when powder is used. ©Consultnet Limited Power Tools & Electricity Electric Fire Response

48. ©Consultnet Limited Extension cords are approved for temporary use only. If extended use is required, hard wiring such as a new outlet should be installed. Extension cords are easily frayed, a condition which may expose bare wires. If not properly placed, extension cords may also become a trip hazard. Extension Cord Hazards

49. ©Consultnet Limited Power cords are doubly insulated and should be replaced if the outer layer of insulation becomes frayed exposing wires. Common Power Cord Problems Exposed Wires

50. Power Tools & Electricity Is it Safe? Don’t carry portable tools by the cord ©Consultnet Limited

51. ©Consultnet Limited Power Tools & Electricity Is it Safe?

52. Electrical Safety Remember There is no such thing as a minor electric shock; they are all serious events and each has the potential to extinguish life in seconds ©Consultnet Limited

53. Safety Training Power Tool Safety ©Consultnet Limited Hand Arm Vibration (HAV)

54. Hand Arm Vibration WHAT IS HAV? HAV is vibration transmitted from work processes into workers’ hands and arms. It can be caused by operating hand-held power tools such as road breakers, hand-guided equipment such as lawn mowers, or by holding materials being processed by machines such as pedestal grinders. WHEN IS IT HAZARDOUS? Regular and frequent exposure to high levels of vibration can lead to permanent injury. This is most likely when contact with a vibrating tool or process is a regular part of a person’s job. ©Consultnet Limited

55. Hand Arm Vibration WHICH JOBS AND INDUSTRIES ARE MOST LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED BY HAV? Jobs requiring regular and frequent use of vibrating tools and equipment are found in a wide range of industries, for example: Building and maintenance of roads and railways Concrete products Construction Forestry Foundries Heavy engineering Mines and quarries Plate and sheet metal fabrication; Public services Public utilities ©Consultnet Limited

56. Hand Arm Vibration - Causes & Effects WHAT SORT OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT CAN CAUSE VIBRATION INJURY? Chainsaws Concrete breakers/road drills Hammer drills Hand-held grinders Hand-held sanders Nut runners Pedestal grinders Power hammers and chisels Powered lawnmowers Riveting hammers and bolsters Strimmers/brush cutters Swaging machines. ©Consultnet Limited

57. Hand Arm Vibration - Causes & Effects WHAT INJURIES CAN HAV CAUSE? Regular exposure to HAV can cause a range of permanent injuries to hands and arms including damage to the: Blood circulatory system (e.g. vibration white finger) Sensory nerves Muscles Bones Joints ©Consultnet Limited

58. Hand Arm Vibration - Causes & Effects HAV Symptons Attacks of whitening (blanching) of one or more fingers when exposed to cold/wet Tingling and loss of sensation in the fingers Loss of light touch Pain and cold sensations between periodic white finger attacks Loss of grip strength Bone cysts in fingers and wrists Stockholm Classification ©Consultnet Limited

59. Hand Arm Vibration - Causes & Effects ) WHAT EFFECTS DO THESE INJURIES HAVE ON PEOPLE? Painful finger blanching attacks (triggered by cold or wet conditions) Loss of sense of touch and temperature Numbness and tingling Loss of grip strength Loss of manual dexterity Unable to work in cold/wet conditions Unable to do leisure activities such as fishing, golf, swimming Need to avoid further exposure to vibration, or cold and wet conditions Have difficulty handling tools and materials and with tasks requiring fine finger manipulation UK 36,000 people advanced stage, 228,000 with condition ©Consultnet Limited

60. Hand Arm Vibration – Management & Control WHAT CAN I DO TO CONTROL THE RISK? Look for alternative ways of working which eliminate the vibrating equipment altogether Make sure your employees use the most appropriate equipment for each job Minimise the time individuals use the equipment Break up periods of continuous equipment use by individuals Design the job so that poor posture is avoided. Construct jigs to hold materials or tools. Maintain tools to the manufacturer’s specifications to avoid worsening vibration for example: o Replace vibration mounts before they are worn out; o Ensure rotating parts are checked for balance and replace them if necessary; o Keep tools sharp. o Get advice from your trade association on best practice. o Get advice from the equipment manufacturer on safe use of the equipment. Mechanise or automate the work or change the way of working Ask the manufacturer to add anti-vibration mounts to isolate the operator from the vibration source Provide tool support to take the weight of the tool allowing the operator to reduce grip and feed force Introduce a purchasing policy specifying low vibration performance for new equipment ©Consultnet Limited

61. Hand Arm Vibration – Management & Control Workers can reduce the risk of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) by following safe work practices : Employ a minimum hand grip consistent with safe operation of the tool or process. Wear sufficient clothing, including gloves, to keep warm. Avoid continuous exposure by taking rest periods. Rest the tool on the work piece whenever practical. Refrain from using faulty tools. Maintain properly sharpened cutting tools. Consult a doctor at the first sign of vibration disease and ask about the possibility of changing to a job with less exposure ©Consultnet Limited

62. Hand Arm Vibration – Management & Control Employees should also have access to a proactive health surveillance programme. Regular Employees Checks: Have your fingers gone white on exposure to cold? Have you had any tingling or numbness in your fingers after using vibrating equipment? Are you experiencing any problems with muscles or joints in your hands or arms? Do you have any difficulty picking up small objects such as screws or nails? Is it difficult to tell if something is hot or cold to the touch? If the answer to any of these questions is ‘yes’, assume that there is a risk from HAV. Talkk top your supervisor and you may be refered to a doctor and action taken to reduce exposure. ©Consultnet Limited

63. Occupational Vibration Control Standards The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application) Regulations 2007 ( S.I. No 299 of 2007) revoke and replace the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Control of Vibration) Regulations 2006. Part 5 Chapter 2 of the 2007 Regulations specifically addresses Control of Vibration at Work . For Hand Arm Vibration: The daily exposure limit value standardised to an eight-hour reference period shall be 5 m/s 2. The daily exposure action value standardised to an eight-hour reference period shall be 2,5 m/s 2. Links to information on occupational vibration available at: http://www.consultnet.ie/vibration.htm ©Consultnet Limited

64. Safety Training Power Tool Safety ©Consultnet Limited Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

65. Equipment worn by an employee that is designed to prevent injury or illness from a specific hazard. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes safety equipment for protection of eyes, hearing, foot, Head and the total body. The type of PPE used depends on the hazards you are likely to come in contact with. When using any PPE always inspect the equipment before each use, and clean and store the equipment according to the manufacturer’s instructions. PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards, but should be used in conjunction with guards, engineering controls, and sound work practices. PPE is the last line of defense against hazards and should only be used after every reasonable effort has been made to eliminate the hazard. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of Power Tools Personal Protective Equipment

66. Choose quality product made to a high standard (e.g. CE mark). Choose equipment which suits the wearer-consider size, fit and weight. Make sure it fits properly. Where more than one item of PPE is in use make sure they are compatible. Instruct and train people in its use –why it is needed, when to use it and what its limitations are. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of Power Tools Personal Protective Equipment

67. Must be worn at all times within designated areas on construction and industrial sites. The use of helmets on construction sites is a requirement of law and is strictly enforced. Helmets that have been subject to impacts or any type of damage must be replaced immediately. New helmet every five years Change liner every year Head Protection ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

68. Safety boots fitted with steel caps must be worn at all times on entering construction sites Safety boots, both rubber and leather, are fitted with steel toe caps. Chemical resistant footwear also available. Foot Protection ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

69. ©Consultnet Limited Many people are blinded each year by work related eye injuries. Injuries that could have been prevented if people had used the correct eye or face protection

70. Safe Use of PPE Types of Eye Hazards ©Consultnet Limited Flying objects Particles and dust Harmful light radiation – ultraviolet, lasers, infrared Chemicals 3

71. Safe Use of PPE Sources of Eye Hazards Flying objects or particles in eye ©Consultnet Limited Grinding Sanding Nail gun use Sandblasting Woodworking Blowdown 4

72. What causes eye injuries? Over 90% of eye injuries are due to four general causes: Being struck in the eye by flying particles and objects such as nuts, bolts, ball bearings, springs, and fragments from abrasive blasting and grinding. The missile strikes the eye a blow that either grazes, bruises, tears or penetrates. Striking the eye against moving or stationary objects, hand tools, etc. Such accidents happen when you blunder into the corner of an open cabinet or stab your eye on a protruding tool or piece of equipment in your work area. Eye contact with: Splashes of molten metals, hot liquids, corrosive chemicals, irritant liquids, disease-causing agents. Squirts of chemicals in the eye will cause damage to the tissue, if not immediately flooded with water. Some of the most extensive corneal scars result from chemicals such as lime and concentrated acids and alkalis. These cause serious visual loss and considerable disfigurement. Exposure to welding flash, hot substances, laser beams, infrared radiation, laser reflection. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

73. Safety Glasses Unbreakable lenses of plastic or tempered glass with side shields. For light-to-moderate work. Can be prescription lenses contact Safety Department for appointment. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

74. Goggles Work where significant risk of splash of chemicals or projectiles. Can be worn over prescription glasses. Goggles fit the face immediately surrounding the eyes and form a protective seal around the eyes. This prevents objects from entering under or around the goggles. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

75. Face Shield Work with significant risk of splash on face or possible explosion. Face shield protects face adequately but not eyes. When worn alone, face shields do not protect employees from impact hazards. Use face shields in combination with safety spectacles or goggles for additional protection. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

76. Safe Use of PPE Care & Maintenance ©Consultnet Limited Inspect for damage daily. Clean as needed. Replace if broken, cracked or if material on the lens or face-shield can’t be removed. 17

77. ©Consultnet Limited Don’t let it happen to you WEAR YOUR EYE PROTECTION

78. HEARING PROTECTION Common Workplace Injury. Gradual Increase Over Time. Damage Can Be Caused Without Pain. Incorrect Protection Or Protection Worn Incorrectly Can Be Equally Damaging. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

79. Hearing protection should be worn in all designated areas (noise in excess of 85 decibels (dBa)). If two people 1m apart must shout to be heard, the background noise is too loud (above 85 decibels). Various types of hearing protection are available Muffs; Plugs; Custom fit/moulded plugs. ©Consultnet Limited Pay particular attention to Hygiene Safe Use of PPE Hearing Protection

80. Safe Use of PPE Hearing Protection Equipment Noise Level Chain Saw 110 decibels Front-end Loader 90-95 decibels Gunshot 140 decibels Jackhammer 112 decibels Lawn Mower 90 decibels Tractor 95-105 decibels Circular Saw 90-100 decibels ©Consultnet Limited Examples of Commonly Used Noisy Equipment 10

81. Ear Muffs - Do’s & Don’ts ©Consultnet Limited The hearing protection should be worn 100% of the time in noisy environments so as to offer full protective effect. Clean the outside of the hearing protector regularly Do not store the hearing protector in temperatures >55 o C. The hearing protector and, in particular, the ear cushions, may be damaged over a period of time and should be checked regularly to see if there are any cracks or damage. Recommended replacement interval for foam pads/ear cushions: at least twice a year in order to ensure constant attenuation, hygiene and comfort levels. Safe Use of PPE

82. Ear Plugs - Do’s & Don’ts ©Consultnet Limited Roll the plug between your fingers and insert while pulling the outer ear upwards and backwards to straighten the ear canal. Let the plug expand in the ear for some 30 seconds. Check the plug attenuates noise well, without any leakage. Wear the plug, preferable with the cord behind the neck. The earplug should be worn at all times in noisy surrounds. The plug should be stored before and between usage in a way that protects them from dirt, grease, etc. Effectiveness depends mainly on the tightness of fit within the ear canal Safe Use of PPE

83. Safe Use of PPE Hearing Protection Inserting Foam Earplugs ©Consultnet Limited Earplug incorrectly inserted Earplug correctly inserted 17

84. Hearing Protectors - Do’s & Don’ts ©Consultnet Limited 100% Wear Time - Provides predicted protective effect. 99% Wear Time - 5 minutes carelessness per day reduces the protective effect dramatically. 90% Wear Time - You can no longer be sure of effective protection. Safe Use of PPE

85. Hand Protection Gloves should be worn wherever possible to prevent injury and chemical contact. Various types of gloves are available. E nsure the type used is suitable for the task, particularly if working with chemical products. Gloves that are no longer in use should be disposed of properly into rubbish bins. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

86. Protective Gloves Physical, Temperature, Chemical and Electrical Hazards. Match chemical resistance to materials in use. No consensus standards for industry. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations. Web site: http://www.bestglove.com/ & Glove Manufacturer’s websites. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

87. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly selected and worn. Includes disposable respirators, half masks, full face mask respirator and breathing apparatus. Make sure you use the right type of respirator filter. If a respirator is used improperly or not kept clean, the respirator can become a hazard to you. Read and follow all instructions provided by the manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning and care, and warnings regarding the limitations of the respirator. Do not wear your respirator into atmospheres containing contaminants for which your respirator is not designed to prevent against. For example, a respirator designed to filter dust particles will not protect you against gasses or vapors. Keep track of your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use someone else’s respirator. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

88. Respiratory Protection Respirator types Disposable particulate (dust); Cartridge particulate; Chemical Cartridge; Organic; Acid gases; Ammonia; Combination Types; Air Line and Self Contained. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

89. Respiratory Protection Limitations Facial fit testing. Protection factors: 5, 10 or 50 times the exposure limits. Cartridge life: Must be estimated to prevent breakthrough; Website or consult with HSE. Clean shaven: Where respirator seals against skin. ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

90. Remember for YOUR Safety It is your responsibility to use, maintain and store your Personal Protective Equipment correctly PPE IS DESIGNED FOR SPECIFIC HAZARDS THAT ARE PRESENT IN SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES, CHANGE THE CIRCUMSTANCES AND YOU CHANGE THE HAZARD PPE IS ONLY AS GOOD AS THE PERSON WEARING IT ! ©Consultnet Limited Safe Use of PPE

91. Safe Use of Power Tools Conclusions All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance. Examine each tool for damage before use & report faulty, ineffective or poorly maintained tools & remove from work area; Select-Inspect-Reject (SIR). Use the right tool for the job. Operate according to the manufacturer's instructions. If you are unsure ASK. Start slow, then increase speed (drills, saws, screwdrivers). Cut, Drill, Saw AWAY from your body when possible. Only use' accessories and attachments that are described in the operating instructions or are provided or recommended by the tool manufacturer Using safe handling techniques. Keep workshops and storage spaces clean and dry to prevent accidents. Sparks ignite scraps, sawdust and solvents. Water conducts electricity. Prior to plugging or unplugging tools, be sure the power switch is turned to "OFF." And never disconnect power by pulling on the cord. If working on a ladder or scaffolding, carefully set your power tools on a flat surface or in a bin secured to the ladder itself. Remove rings, jewelry or loose clothing before operating a power tool. Wear personal protective equipment, such as face shields, safety goggles and disposable masks. ©Consultnet Limited

92. Work Safely with Power Tools Don’t Let IT Happen to You ©Consultnet Limited Chainsaw Power Saw