This document provides guidance on personal protective equipment for pesticide handling, including protective clothing, gloves, boots, hats, goggles, aprons, coveralls, and respiratory devices. It recommends long-sleeved shirts, long pants, gloves, socks, and boots made of chemical-resistant materials. For concentrates, it recommends a face shield, goggles, respirator, chemical-resistant apron, and boots. Respirators include dust/mist masks, cartridge respirators, gas masks, supplied air, and self-contained breathing apparatuses. Proper maintenance and replacement of filters is emphasized. Employers are advised to implement a written respiratory protection program.

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2. FOR YOUR SAFETY, PROTECTION & KNOWLEDGE
Protective Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
The type of protective clothing and equipment needed depends on the job being done and the type of chemical
being used. READ THE LABEL on the pesticide container carefully and follow all directions concerning necessary
protective clothing and equipment. Many highly toxic pesticides require full protection, including a respirator, while
mixing, applying and disposing of the pesticide. In some cases, special equipment may be required, such as a
self-contained air system when using fumigants. In many cases, the handler is required to wear a
chemical-resistant apron while mixing, loading, or disposing of a product, in addition to the required personal
protective equipment (PPE) designated for the applicator.
Recommended Clothing:
The minimum protective clothing recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the
National Agricultural Chemical Dealers Association (NACA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
when handling dilute (mixed) pesticides includes a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, underwear, chemically resistant
gloves, socks, and shoes (boots). When handling concentrates, particularly pesticides with DANGER or
WARNING labels, a face shield, goggles, or respirator (full face and eye protection), chemical resistant
apron, and chemical resistant boots are necessary. Each pesticide label will identify the required PPE that must
be worn during each stage of handling and using the pesticide (mixing, loading, applying, repairing, clean-up,
disposal). Read the label.
Coveralls Cotton coveralls over regular work clothing are helpful protection when applying
and/or handling pesticides. Sleeves should reach the wrist and the pant legs should reach the
ankle. Coveralls should be closed (e.g. buttoned or zipped) in the front. They must be
laundered after every wearing and should be replaced annually to prevent pesticide carry-over
in the clothing from one season to the next. When wearing gloves and boots with coveralls, the
garments are to be worn outside (over) the gloves and boots. This prevents pesticides from
getting into the gloves or boots. Disposable coveralls, such as regular Tyvek® or Polylaminated
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3. Tyvek® (polyethylene coated), are suitable for handling granular or powdered formulations and less toxic liquid
pesticides.
They also can be worn over other work clothing, and offer protection similar to cotton
coveralls, but are water resistant. Tyvek® coated with Saranex 23P® offers better protection for
handling undiluted and highly toxic pesticides, but does not "breathe." In some weather
conditions, they must be used with discretion to avoid heat exhaustion.
Disposable coveralls are relatively inexpensive, so for many situations they are a good safety
investment. Disposable coveralls are durable, but cannot be effectively decontaminated
and should be disposed of in the same way as empty pesticide containers or
hazardous waste.
If coveralls are not warn, long-sleeved shirts and long pants made of a closely woven
fabric are a must when handling pesticides. The sleeves should reach the wrist and
the pant legs should reach the ankle. The shirt should be closed (e.g. buttoned or
zipped) in the front. If a shirt is worn outside the pants, it should reach below the top of
the pants. Both the shirt and pants should be cleaned daily and should not have any
holes in them. Same as with coveralls, when wearing gloves and boots with
long-sleeved shirts and long pants, the garments are to be worn outside (over) the gloves
and the boots preventing pesticides from getting into the gloves and boots. Always follow
label directions for laundering work clothing.
Aprons When handling pesticide concentrates a liquid proof chemical resistant apron
should be worn. Aprons should cover the body from the chest to the boots. Read the label to see if a chemical
resistant apron is required.
Gloves Gloves have been shown to reduce pesticide contamination of skin if properly maintained and
replaced frequently. Hands should always be protected when working with pesticides. A USDA study showed
that applicators handling concentrated pesticides received 85 percent of their pesticide exposure on their
hands. When handling concentrated or highly toxic pesticides, wear gloves made of neoprene, nitrile or butyl
rubber. For most pesticides, nitrile gloves or natural rubber gloves provide the best protection. All gloves should
be long enough to protect the wrist, or at least 12 inches long. Latex gloves (used in dishwashing) should only be
used when working with diluted (mixed) pesticides. Neoprene readily absorbs some fumigants and therefore
should not be used in these applications. The label may require a specific kind of glove to be worn.Gloves should
not be lined with a fabric. The lining is hard to clean if a chemical gets on it. Do not wear cotton or leather gloves.
They absorb the pesticide, which provide a continuous source of exposure, and can be more hazardous than
wearing no gloves at all. Gloves with a “wristband” should never be worn. Gloves can get contaminated on the
inside, and the moist warm conditions there may foster pesticide absorption into the skin. To avoid this problem,
discard or clean gloves often. Before removing gloves, rinse them with water and detergent to prevent
contaminating hands.
Hat Wear something to protect the head. A wide-brimmed, waterproof hat will protect neck, eyes, mouth, and
face. It should not have a cloth or leather sweatband, or other porous materials that may absorb pesticides; these
sweatbands are hard to clean if chemicals get on them. Webbed, mesh, baseball caps, or similar headgear
should not be used. One of the best hats is the plastic "hard hat" with a plastic sweatband.
Boots As stated above in the gloves section, it is a good idea to wear unlined rubber or neoprene boots.
Leather and canvas shoes/boots absorb and hold pesticides which in turn provide a constant source of skin
exposure. Wash boots daily and dry thoroughly inside and outside to remove any pesticide residue. Pants or
overalls should be worn outside of boots to prevent pesticides from getting inside them.
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4. Wear Goggles or a face shield when there is any chance of getting pesticides in the
eyes, or anytime the label requires their use. These should completely cover the eyes.
Exposure is likely when handling mists, dusts, liquid concentrates, or pressurized
equipment. Tight fitting goggles with anti-fog lenses and indirect venting are best. Many
goggles have headbands that are made of materials that readily absorb chemicals. It is
recommended that these headbands be replaced with ones made of nonabsorbent
materials (see section on hats for recommendations). Wash goggles or face shield with
detergent and water at least once a day. Store in a plastic bag away from pesticides to avoid
contamination. Glasses and sunglasses with or without side guards should never be used as
eye protection against pesticides.
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5. OSHA 1910.134(c)
Respiratory protection program. This paragraph requires the employer to develop and implement a
written respiratory protection program with required worksite-specific procedures and elements for
required respirator use. The program must be administered by a suitably trained program administrator.
In addition, certain program elements may be required for voluntary use to prevent potential hazards
associated with the use of the respirator.
See more at the end of the course.
Respiratory Protective Devices: Respirators provide protection against inhalation exposure. Pesticides
can be inhaled either as mists, dusts, or vapors. The respiratory tract rapidly and completely
absorbs pesticides, and should be protected. Wear an approved respiratory device when directed
by the label. Follow the label instructions on respiratory protection. An applicator needs a
respirator if exposed to a pesticide for a long time, if the pesticide used is highly toxic, or if working
in an enclosed area. OSHA requirements are constantly changing with respect to respirators used
in general industries, which includes the occupation of pest control. A pest control operator is
advised to contact OSHA periodically to obtain the most recent requirements on respirators, or
periodically consult and read the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Chapter 29 Part 1910.134.
Depending on respirator usage and company policies on respirator usage, applicators may want to
consult a physician before using a respirator. In some cases where respirator usage is mandatory, a
medical evaluation may be necessary because some individuals may have physical problems that may
be aggravated by restricted airflow associated with respirator usage. If respirator usage is required, the
company will have a written Respirator Protection Program with required work site-specific procedures
and elements.
Commonly Used Respirators:
Dust and Mist Respirators Dust and mist respirators are physical filters which only protect
against pesticide dusts and larger spray droplets. They are not effective against fumigants and
the many pesticides which emit vapors.
Chemical Cartridge Respirator Chemical cartridge respirators are usually designed as a
half-face mask which cover the nose and mouth but not the eyes; therefore, eye protection is required
when using them. They have one or two cartridges attached to the face piece. In the cartridge, the
inhaled air comes through both a filter pad and an absorbing material such as activated charcoal which
removes most of the pesticide vapors, gases and particles.
These respirators come in two types; non-disposable respirators with inter-changeable cartridges, or
the ever more populardisposable dual cartridge respirators. Full-face chemical cartridge respirators
are available which provide eye protection. Chemical cartridge respirators are recommended for
short term outdoor use and low concentrations of pesticides. They should not be used with fumigant
gases or in areas with deficient oxygen levels.
Chemical Canister Respirator (Gas Mask) Gas masks are normally designed to cover the
eyes, nose and mouth. The canister is either attached directly to the face piece or is worn
on a belt and is connected to the face piece by a flexible hose.
These respirators are to be worn when applicators are exposed to a continuous
concentration of a toxic pesticide. Normally, the canister has longer lasting absorbent
material and filters compared to a cartridge respirator. Gas masks usually protect the face
better than cartridge types, but neither kind provides protection when the oxygen supply is
low. Gas masks should not be used where oxygen deficiency or high gas concentrations
may occur, such as in a structure undergoing a fumigation.
Supplied Air Respirators and Positive-pressure Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
(SCBA) Supplied Air Respirators and SCBA (not SCUBA) respirators, such as those
manufactured by Survivair, Ranger, Scott, or MSA, are used primarily used in fumigation or
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6. where the oxygen supply is low. Both of these respirator types have full face masks and do not require
additional eye protection.
Selection of Respirators:
Specific types of cartridges and canisters protect against specific chemical gases and vapors. Be sure to
choose one to protect against the pesticide being used. Use only those approved by the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), or the Mine Safety and Health Administration
(MSHA). An example or an organic vapor respirator for pesticide use would be a “NIOSH-MSHA
Approval No. TC-23C-860 issued to 3M, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.” All respirators, even dust masks,
have these approvals. Read the pesticide label and the respirator for appropriate NIOSH-MSHA
approval before using a pesticide which requires the use of a respirator.
A respirator or mask should be fitted properly to the face. Long sideburns, beard, or glasses may
prevent a good seal. Adjust headbands tightly enough to obtain a good seal. Before using, read the
manufacturer's instructions on the use and care of the respirator and its parts. The manufacturer's
instructions will suggest procedures to test for a proper seal. This may be similar to the following
inhalation/exhalation test.
Inhalation Test Place the palm of the hands over the cartridge assemblies or
inhalation points and inhale. If no air enters and the face-piece collapses slightly, the
respirator is properly fitted and the exhalation valve is closing property.
Exhalation Test Place the palm of the hand or thumb over the exhalation valve guard
and press lightly. Exhale to cause a slight pressure inside the face-piece. If no air
escapes, the face-piece is properly fitted and the inhalation valves are closing correctly.
If air escapes, readjust the headbands.
Respirator Maintenance :
During heavy spraying, the filters in chemical cartridge respirators should be changed at least two times a
day - more often if breathing becomes difficult. Cartridges should be changed after eight hours use, or
when the manufacturer recommends replacement. If the applicator detects pesticide odor or feels nose
or throat irritation, the applicator should leave the work area immediately and change the canister or
cartridge.
Filters and cartridges should be removed after each use. Remember, once cartridges have been
removed from their original wrapping they lose their absorptive capacity rapidly. If disposable respirators
are used, follow directions on the package. Filters/cartridges on disposable respirators are not
replaceable. Use a new respirator as needed or recommended by the manufacturer. The face piece on
all types of respirators (including disposable respirators) should be washed with soap and water, rinsed,
dried with a clean cloth, and stored in a clean, dry place away from pesticides after every use. A tightly
closed plastic bag works well for storage. The useful life of a cartridge or canister depends on the
amount of absorbent material, the concentration of contaminants in the air,
the breathing rate of the wearer, and the temperature and humidity. As a general rule, a canister,
cartridge, or disposable respirator should never be reused even if used for just a few minutes. These
filters are easily replaced, but lungs are not. Remember— a disposable respirator or cartridges should be
changed:
When the manufacturer recommends;
If breathing is troublesome;
If pesticide odors can be smelled;
If the last time it was used is unknown.
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7. Example Respiratory Program
(Your Company Name)
Respiratory Protection Program
Currently this firm provides the following respirator brand(s):
Survivair Half Mask & 3-M 8210 Particulate Masks
(Other brands will be provided if you have conditions that necessitate changing.)
Survivair Half-face, Dual cartridge respirator are NIOSH approved for use in atmospheres with
pesticide/organic vapors.
The individual in this firm responsible for issuance and replacement of respirators, and for training of
employees and periodic inspection is:
(RPA NAME)
This firm’s Respiratory Protection Program is the following:
Providing written training procedures for employees.
Providing training for employees prior to their exposure to pesticides while employed with this firm, and
retraining them at least on an annual basis thereafter.
Advising employees of specific medical conditions which may interfere with safe use of respiratory protective
equipment.
Providing the proper respiratory protective equipment to the employee, prior to his exposure to pesticides as
an employee of this firm.
Providing a Qualitative Fit Test:
Odorant- isoamyl acetate or irritant smoke when issued
Positive/Negative Pressure tests to be done each time prior to use.
Training on the use of the respirator:
Conditions requiring their use
Respirator parts and their function and repair
Inspection of parts
Inhalation valves
Head straps
Face mask
Filters/Cartridges
Inspection of respirator daily, and periodically during daily use.
Cleaning of respirator daily:
Wash in mild soap solution ( face piece only)
Immerse in sanitary solution for two minutes, usually a chlorine solution.
Rinse thoroughly in clean, warm water and air dry.
Do Not wash filters or Cartridges
Repair and Maintenance of respirators:
Pre-filters should be replaced when breathing becomes more difficult, per manufacture’s instructions.
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8. Cartridges should be replaced when wearer begins to taste or smell chemical being used
Only those filters and cartridges designed for the specific respirator will be used.
Storage of respirators:
Shall be in a compartment away from pesticide materials
Shall be in a protective container, such as a sealable plastic bag or box.
Employees understand that it is their responsibility to:
Clean and maintain their respiratory equipment.
Use the equipment when conditions warrant.
Expect random inspections in the field to insure proper use of respiratory equipment
Expect disciplinary action if respirator equipment is not used according to product labels, MSDS’s, and
Company policy as stated in this program.
Employees understand that it is the Employer’s responsibility to:
Provide the proper equipment.
Train the employees in proper use of equipment.
Monitor maintenance of the equipment.
Ensure that employees use the equipment when necessary.
Employees Name_____________________________________________________
Employee Signature__________________________________________________
Employer Signature__________________________________________________
Introduction
(Your Company Name) respiratory protection program is designed to conform to the requirements in Title 3 of
the California Code of Regulations, Section 6739 (3 CCR Section 6739). General employee information on
respiratory protection is available in the Pesticide Safety Information Series A-5 (HS-632, Department of
Pesticide Regulation).
Purpose
The purpose of this program is to protect the employees of (Your Company Name) from respiratory hazards
associated with the use of pesticides and to comply with current regulations and label requirements. This
program will include the following elements:
Selection
Medical evaluation
Fit testing
Proper use for routine and emergency
Maintenance, cleaning and care
Ensure breathing air quality
Training in respiratory hazards (IDLH if applicable)
Training in donning, doffing, limitations
Program evaluation
Administration
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9. An individual will be designated as the Respirator Program Administrator (RPA) of this program. This
person is responsible for ensuring the effectiveness of the respiratory protection program in compliance with
the respiratory protection regulation. (ADMINISTRATOR NAME) is the administrator of the program and is
responsible for implementing the elements of this WRITTEN PROGRAM for all uses of respirators by (Your
Company Name).
The RPA keeps records on:
Training
Fit Testing
Equipment Inspection
Medical Recommendations
Copies of previous WRITTEN PROGRAMS
Employee consultations
Program evaluations
Definitions
Respirator: A device designed to protect the wearer from inhalation of hazardous atmospheres.
Air purifying respirator: A respirator that removes contaminants from the inhaled air stream. There are two
major sub-categories of air purifying respirator systems: Mechanical filter type, used to remove particulates
(dusts, mists, fogs, smokes and fumes) and chemical cartridge type (absorption or adsorption or modification
of gasses or vapors). Some respirators combine both types of systems.
IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health. Conditions that can pose an immediate threat to life or health
OR conditions that pose an immediate threat of severe exposure to contaminants such as carcinogens or
neurotoxins which are likely to have adverse cumulative or delayed effects on heath. All fumigant-confining
structures shall be considered IDLH until proven safe by appropriate monitoring equipment.
Atmosphere-supplying respirator: A respirator that supplies the respirator user with breathing air from a
source independent of the ambient atmosphere. This includes supplied-air respirators (SAR) and
self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units.
Confidential reader: A person chosen by an employee required to wear a respirator to read to him/her the
Medical Evaluation Questionnaire required under 3 CCR Section 6739 in a language primarily understood by
the employee. This includes, but is not limited to, a coworker, family member, friend, or an independent
translator provided by the employer. The employer or the employer’s direct agent, such as a supervisor,
manager, foreman, or secretary, are not included and are prohibited from being confidential readers.
Filter or air purifying element: A component used in respirators to remove solid or liquid aerosols from the
inspired air.
Filtering facepiece (dust mask): A negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of
the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the filtering medium.
Physician or other licensed health care professional (PLHCP): An individual whose legally permitted
scope of practice allows him or her to independently provide, or be delegated the responsibility to provide,
some or all of the health care services required by these regulations. This can include Physicians, (including
Occupational Medicine Physicians), Doctors of Osteopathy, Physician Assistants, Registered Nurses, Nurse
Practitioners and Occupational Health Nurses.
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10. Qualitative fit test (QLFT): A pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies on the
individual's response to the test agent.
Quantitative fit test (QNFT): An assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the
amount of leakage into the respirator.
Respirator program administrator: A person who is qualified by appropriate training or experience that is
commensurate with the complexity of the respiratory protection program, and demonstrates knowledge
necessary to administer a respiratory protection program. Such training or experience includes, but is not
limited to, reading and understanding either the American National Standard for Respiratory Protection
Publication (ANSI Z88.2), or the U.S. Department of Labor's “Small Entity Compliance Guide for the Revised
Respiratory Protection Standard”; or taken specific course work on developing a respiratory protection
program from a college or a respirator manufacturer's authorized representative; or is an American Board of
Industrial Hygiene Certified Industrial Hygienist.
Respirator Selection
Only respiratory protective equipment approved by NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health) will be used. The equipment must be approved for the specific hazard. Pesticide product labels must
be consulted first to determine the correct respirator for protection against the specific hazard. Regulatory
requirements or permit conditions may also specify the appropriate respiratory protection.
The respirators assigned to employees’ of (Your Company Name) are the following:
Employee Respirator Assignment Roster for (Your Company Name)
For entry into unknown atmospheres or atmospheres at or above the IDLH concentration, only SCBA type or
supplied air type equipped with escape bottle shall be used.
Instruction and Training
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11. Training will be given to all employees who may be required to wear respiratory protective equipment. Written
records will be kept of the names of the persons trained and the dates the training occurred. These records will
be maintained by the RPA and available for inspection by authorized personnel.
Employees who are required to use respirators must be trained such that they can
demonstrate knowledge of at least:
Why the respirator is necessary and how improper fit, use, or maintenance can compromise its protective
effect
Limitations and capabilities of the respirator
Effective use in emergency situations
How to inspect, put on and remove, use and check the seals
Maintenance and storage
Recognition of medical signs and symptoms that may limit or prevent effective use
Practice demonstrations will include:
Inspecting, donning, wearing and removing the respirator.
Adjusting the respirator to minimize discomfort to the wearer.
Wearing during training for an adequate period time to ensure that the wearer is familiar with the operational
characteristics of the respirator.
Each respirator user will be retrained at least annually. Record of training will be kept by the RPA.
Cleaning, Sanitizing and Storage
Individual respirator users are responsible for cleaning their own respirators. Respirators will be cleaned when
appropriate. Cleaning will be done following manufacturer’s recommendations as described below.
Respirator Safety
Procedures for Cleaning Respirators.
A. Remove filters, cartridges, or canisters. Disassemble face pieces by removing speaking diaphragms,
demand and pressure-demand valve assemblies, hoses, or any components recommended by the
manufacturer. Discard or repair any defective parts.
B. Wash components in warm (43 deg. C [110 deg. F] maximum) water with a mild detergent or with a cleaner
recommended by the manufacturer. A stiff bristle (not wire) brush may be used to facilitate the removal of dirt.
C. Rinse components thoroughly in clean, warm (43 deg. C [110 deg. F] maximum), preferably running water.
Drain.
D. When the cleaner used does not contain a disinfecting agent, respirator components should be immersed
for two minutes in one of the following:
1. Hypochlorite solution (50 ppm of chlorine) made by adding approximately one milliliter of laundry bleach to
one liter of water at 43 deg. C (110 deg. F); or,
2. Aqueous solution of iodine (50 ppm iodine) made by adding approximately 0.8 milliliters of tincture of iodine
(6-8 grams ammonium and/or potassium iodide/100 cc of 45% alcohol) to one liter of water at 43 deg. C (110
deg. F); or,
3. Other commercially available cleansers of equivalent disinfectant quality when used as directed, if their use
is recommended or approved by the respirator manufacturer.
E. Rinse components thoroughly in clean, warm (43 deg. C [110 deg. F] maximum), preferably running water.
Drain. The importance of thorough rinsing cannot be overemphasized. Detergents or disinfectants that dry on
face pieces may result in dermatitis. In addition, some disinfectants may cause deterioration of rubber or
corrosion of metal parts if not completely removed.
F. Components should be hand-dried with a clean lint-free cloth or air-dried.
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12. G. Reassemble face piece, replacing filters, cartridges, and canisters where necessary.
H. Test the respirator to ensure that all components work properly.
These procedures shall be performed after each use or when the device becomes contaminated.
I. Respirators with changeable filters must be worn in any confined spaces or when applying pesticides in
confined spaces. Respirators must be worn in attics during rodent inspections or decontamination. Respirators
must be worn when working with or applying dusts. Use the correct filter for the requirements of the job.
AND/OR
Cleaning of respirator daily:
Wash in mild soap solution ( face piece only)
Immerse in sanitary solution for two minutes, usually a chlorine solution.
Rinse thoroughly in clean, warm water
Air dry
Do Not wash filters or Cartridges
Repair and Maintenance of respirators:
Pre-filters should be replaced when breathing becomes more difficult, per manufacture’s instructions.
Cartridges should be replaced when wearer begins to taste or smell chemical being used
Only those filters and cartridges designed for the specific respirator will be used.
Single-use respirators will be properly disposed of in a company trash container
Respirators that may be re-issued to different employees shall also be sanitized with the appropriate sanitizing
agent. Information on proper sanitizers is available from the respirator manufacturer, respirator distributor or
DPR.
After cleaning (and, if required, sanitizing), respirators will be stored in disposable, resealable plastic bags.
Respirators and their filters/cartridges will be stored so that they are protected from sunlight, dust, chemical
contamination, moisture, and temperature extremes.
Maintenance, Inspection and Repair
(Policy on maintenance, inspection and repair of respirators can be either or both of the following)
Individual respirator users are directed to perform routine maintenance and inspection of respirators issued to
them. The respirator user is directed to identify and deliver to the RPA any respirator in need of
repair/replacement. Damaged or defective respirators will be properly disposed according to company policy.
The RPA will also make random inspections of the respirators. For SCBA type, there will be a minimum
inspection period of one month. Respirator inspections will cover the following items:
General condition of mask, straps, valves, air hoses (no cracks, tears, holes, deformations, loss of elasticity).
Filter elements (proper filter or cartridge), air tanks (full tanks), regulators, low-pressure warning device.
Hose clamps, gaskets (in place and properly seated)
Mask cleanliness (no debris, especially on sealing surfaces)
Medical Evaluation
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13. Each employee of (Your Company Name). who may be required to routinely wear respiratory protective
equipment will be required to either complete a Medical Evaluation Questionnaire, found in Appendix 2 of the
WRITTEN PROGRAM (also found in 3 CCR Section 6739(q)) or undergo a medical examination by a
physician or other licensed health care professional (PLHCP). The medical examination will obtain the same
information as the Medical Evaluation Questionnaire. The questionnaire will be completed confidentially by the
employee and mailed to the PLHCP. Management may not read the completed questionnaire or assist the
employee in filling out the questionnaire. If the employee cannot read the questionnaire, the employee may
ask a family member or non-management coworker for assistance, or the RPA may contract an independent
translator for the worker.
The PLHCP contracted by (Your Company Name). is Family Care & Industrial Medical Clinic 1000 St
Anywhere USA.
The employer will provide the PLHCP with the following information to assist in evaluating the questionnaire:
Type of respirator (Filtering facepiece, half-face, full-face, SCBA, etc.)
Weight of respirator
Duration/Frequency of use
Expect physical effort (medium to heavy)
Temperature/Humidity extremes
Copy of this Respiratory Protection Program
Copy of 3 CCR, Section 6739 (from CDPR internet site)
On evaluation of the employee’s completed Medical Evaluation Questionnaire, the PLHCP shall send the
employer a copy of the Medical Recommendation Form (Appendix Three) or similar information. A copy of the
recommendation will also be provided to the employee. The RPA will retain the recommendation of the PLHCP
for any employee that receives a medical evaluation.
If (Your Company Name). changes its PLHCP, the RPA shall ensure that the new PLHCP obtains the
necessary information by having the documents transferred from the former PLHCP to the new PLHCP.
Subsequent medical evaluations will be performed if any of the following trigger indicators are met:
Worker reports medical signs or symptoms related to the ability to use a respirator.
PLHCP, supervisor, or RPA informs the employer that a worker needs to be reevaluated.
Information from the respirator program, including observations made during fit testing and program
evaluation, indicates a need.
Change occurs in workplace conditions that may substantially increase the physiological burden on a worker.
Use Limitations
Respirators shall not be worn when conditions prevent a good gas-tight fit.
Prescription lenses, if needed for a full-face respirator, will be mounted within the face mask using
manufacturer authorized mounting equipment.
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14. Employees with facial hair (heavy stubble, drooping mustache, long sideburns, beards) that prevent a gas-tight
seal shall not wear respiratory protective equipment that requires a tight face to face-piece seal for proper
operation. Other types of non-face-sealing respirators, if adequate for mitigating the hazard, may be chosen.
Cartridges, filters and filtering face-pieces will be discarded daily, absent other information on the
end-of-service-life indication from the respiratory protection equipment manufacturer or specific
end-of-service-life information on the pesticide label.
Air-purifying respirators shall not be worn when an oxygen-deficient atmosphere (less than 19.5% oxygen) is
known or suspected, or in environments where high concentrations of air contaminant may be present.
Company sites that may develop oxygen-deficiency or high concentrations of hazardous air contaminant
include: (list all worksites that may have these conditions (NONE).
Respirator Fit Testing and User Seal-Check Procedures for Respirators Requiring a Face to Face-Piece Seal
Qualitative Fit Testing
Quantitative Fit Testing
Positive/Negative Pressure User Seal-Check
In all cases, the respirator wearer should select a respirator that feels comfortable. If there are any doubts
about the condition or integrity of the respirator or filters, the respirator should be rejected.
As required by 3 CCR Section 6739(e)(4), all fit testing is done in accordance with the requirements found in
Department of Industrial Relations Title 8 CCR Section 5144, Appendix A.
Respirator Fit Test
Qualitative Fit Testing: The following protocols are cited in regulation 3 CCR Section 6739(e)(4) as
authorized to fit test respirators:
For testing against organic vapors cartridges:
Iso-amyl acetate test (“Banana oil”)
For testing against particulate filters:
Saccharin test
Bitrex®
test
Irritant smoke test
(Your Company Name). uses the Iso-amyl Acetate protocol(s) when conducting qualitative fit-tests.
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15. Quantitative Fit Testing: The following protocols are cited in regulation 3 CCR, Section 6739(e)(4) as
authorized to fit test respirators:
Generated Aerosol (corn oil, salt, DEHP)
Condensation Nuclei Counter (PortaCount)
Controlled Negative Pressure (Dynatech FitTester 3000)
Positive Pressure User Seal-Check: This test will be conducted by blocking the exhalation valve with
the palm of the hand to prevent air escaping from the mask. Do not press so hard on the exhalation
valve that the mask is moved from its proper face-fit position. A slight positive pressure is then created
in the mask by gently exhaling until the facepiece starts to pull away from the face. If the mask does not
“balloon” up or otherwise pull away, there may be a leak in the mask or in the face seal. However, if
there is neither loss of pressure nor outward leakage of air, the wearer and the respirator have passed
the positive pressure fit-check.
Negative Pressure User Seal-Check: This test will be conducted by blocking the air purifying
element(s) with either the palm of each hand or covering it with a plastic wrap. A negative pressure will
be created inside the facepiece by gently inhaling and holding the breath for several seconds. The
mask should collapse against the face and remain in that position during the test. If the mask does not
collapse or otherwise tighten against the face, there may be a leak in the mask or in the face seal. If
there is no loss of vacuum or inward movement of air, the wearer and the respirator have passed the
negative pressure fit-check.
Caution!
The positive/negative pressure user seal-checks are not considered “fit-testing”. A
qualitative or quantitative fit test must be performed before a respirator can be assigned to
a worker. Persons with facial hair that interferes with the sealing surfaces of the respirator
will be recorded as unsatisfactory for respirator use without further testing.
15

16. Evaluation and Employee Consultation
The respiratory protection program, as defined by this WRITTEN PROGRAM, shall be evaluated
annually to ensure that it reflects conditions found in the workplace. If conditions change such that
this WRITTEN PROGRAM becomes inadequate or otherwise deficient, the RPA shall take
immediate steps to reestablish effective implementation.
Workers required to wear respiratory protection will be consulted, at least annually, on the worker’s experience
with the respirators and the WRITTEN PROGRAM in general. Workers will be asked about respirator fit,
maintenance, appropriateness to the pesticides sprayed and any other information deemed necessary to
ensure worker feedback concerning their use of respirators.
All evaluations and consultations will be documented, including declarations of no change. Any modifications
to the WRITTEN PROGRAM will be implemented within 30 days.
I have read and understand the respirator training and evaluation
Signature:
________________________
Additional Sources of Information on Respiratory Protection
Occupational safety and health consultants.
Department of Labor, Federal OSHA: Small Entity Compliance Guide
(http://www.osha.gov/Publications/SECG_RPS/secgrev-current.pdf)
16

17. Appendix One
Respirator Fit Test Record For
(Your Compamny Name)
Date of Test: 12-30-2022
Employee Name: Adam Ant
Age:26
Sex:Male
Trainer:
(Trainers Name)
Respirator Name:
Survivair Half Mask & 3-M 8210 Particulate Masks
LARGE
Tests Used:
Odorant- isoamyl acetate or irritant smoke when issued
Positive/Negative Pressure tests to be done each time prior to use.
Signature: _______________________________________________
Date of Test: 12-30-2022
Employee Name: Joe Bob
Age:32
Sex:Male
Trainer:
(Trainers Name)
Respirator Name:
Survivair Half Mask & 3-M 8210 Particulate Masks
Medium
Tests Used:
Odorant- isoamyl acetate or irritant smoke when issued
Positive/Negative Pressure tests to be done each time prior to use.
Signature: _______________________________________________
17

18. Date of Test: 12-30-2022
Employee Name: John Jones
Age:44
Sex:Male
Trainer:
(Trainers Name)
Respirator Name:
Survivair Half Mask & 3-M 8210 Particulate Masks
Medium
Tests Used:
Odorant- isoamyl acetate or irritant smoke when issued
Positive/Negative Pressure tests to be done each time prior to use.
Signature: _______________________________________________
Appendix Two
Medical Evaluation Questionnaire
The completion of this form, or a form substantially equivalent and acceptable to the DEPARTMENT OF
PESTICIDE REGULATION, by each respirator wearing employee; and the review of the completed form by a
physician or licensed health care provider, is mandatory for all employees whose work activities require the
wearing of respiratory protection.
The medical evaluation questionnaire shall be administered in a manner that ensures that the employee
understands and documents its content. The person administering the questionnaire shall offer to read or
explain any part of the questionnaire to the employee in a language and manner the employee understands.
After giving the employee the questionnaire, the person administering the questionnaire shall ask the following
question of the employee: "Can you read and complete this questionnaire?" If the answer is affirmative, the
employee shall be allowed to confidentially complete the questionnaire. If the answer is negative, the
employer must provide either a copy of the questionnaire in a language understood by the employee or a
confidential reader, in the primarily understood language of the employee.
Medical Evaluation and Questionnaire requirements
To the employee:
The requirements of the medical evaluation and for using the questionnaire are provided below:
• The employer must identify a physician or other licensed health care professional (PLHCP) to perform all
medical evaluations using the medical questionnaire in Appendix C of the Respiratory Protection standard or a
medical examination that obtains the same information. (See Paragraph (e)(2)(i).)
• The medical evaluation must obtain the information requested in Sections 1 and 2, Part
A of Appendix C. The questions in Part B of Appendix C may be added at the discretion of the
health care professional. (See Paragraph (e)(2)(ii).)
• The employer must ensure that a follow-up medical examination is provided for any
employee who gives a positive response to any question among questions 1 through 8 in
18

19. Part A Section 2, of Appendix C, or whose initial medical examination demonstrates the need for
a follow-up medical examination. The employer must provide the employee with an opportunity
to discuss the questionnaire and examination results with the PLHCP. (See Paragraph (e)(3)(i).)
• The medical questionnaire and examinationsmust be administered confdentially during the
employee’s normal working hours or at a time and place convenient to the employee and in a
manner that ensures that he or she understands its content. The employer must not review the
employee’s responses, and the questionnaire must be provided directly to the PLHCP. (See
Paragraph (e)(4)(i).)
The PLHCP contracted by (Your Company Name). is Family Urgent Care & Industrial Medical Clinic 1000 St
Anywhere USA.
Section 1. (Mandatory, no variance in this format allowed) Every employee who has been selected to
use any type of respirator must provide the following information (please print):
1. Today's date: ____/____/____
2. Your name: ___________________________________________________
3. Your age: _________
4. Sex (circle one): Male/Female
5. Your height: __________ ft. __________ in.
6. Your weight: ____________ lbs.
7. Your job title: Technician / Sales
8. How can you be reached by the health care professional who reviews this questionnaire?
_______________________________________________________
9. If by phone, the best time to call is Morning/Afternoon/Evening/Night at:
(include the area code): ___ ___ ___ -___ ___ ___-___ ___ ___ ___
10. Has your employer told you how to contact the health care professional who will review this questionnaire
(circle one): Yes/No
11. Check the type of respirator you will use (you can check more than one category):
___a. N, R, or P disposable respirator (filter-mask, noncartridge type only).
___b. Half-face respirator (particulate or vapor filtering or both)
___c. Full-face respirator (particulate or vapor filtering or both)
___d. Powered air purifying respirator (PAPR)
___e. Self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
___f. Supplied air respirator (SAR)
___g. Other ____________________________________
12. Have you worn a respirator (circle one): Yes/No
If "yes," what type(s):
19

20. a. N, R, or P disposable respirator (filter-mask, noncartridge type only).
b. Half-face respirator (particulate or vapor filtering or both)
c. Full-face respirator (particulate or vapor filtering or both)
d. Powered air purifying respirator (PAPR)
e. Self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
f. Supplied air respirator (SAR)
g. Other
Section 2. (Mandatory) Every employee who has been selected to use any type of respirator must
answer questions 1 through 8 below (please circle "yes" or "no").
1. Do you currently smoke tobacco or have you smoked tobacco in the last month: Yes/No
2. Have you ever had any of the following conditions?
a. Seizures (fits): Yes/No
b. Allergic reactions that interfere with your breathing: Yes/No
c. Claustrophobia (fear of closed-in places): Yes/No
d. Trouble smelling odors: Yes/No/Do not know
e. Diabetes (sugar disease): Yes/No/Do not know
3. Have you ever had any of the following pulmonary or lung problems?
a. Asbestosis: Yes/No
b. Asthma: Yes/No
c. Chronic bronchitis: Yes/No
d. Emphysema: Yes/No
e. Pneumonia: Yes/No
f. Tuberculosis: Yes/No
g. Silicosis: Yes/No
h. Pneumothorax (collapsed lung): Yes/No
i. Lung cancer: Yes/No
j. Broken ribs: Yes/No
k. Any chest injuries or surgeries: Yes/No
l. Any other lung problem that you have been told about: Yes/No
4. Do you currently have any of the following symptoms of pulmonary or lung illness?
a. Shortness of breath: Yes/No
b. Shortness of breath when walking fast on level ground or walking up a slight hill or incline: Yes/No
c. Shortness of breath when walking with other people at an ordinary pace on level ground: Yes/No
d. Have to stop for breath when walking at your own pace on level ground: Yes/No
e. Shortness of breath when washing or dressing yourself: Yes/No
f. Shortness of breath that interferes with your job: Yes/No
g. Coughing that produces phlegm (thick sputum): Yes/No
h. Coughing that wakes you early in the morning: Yes/No
i. Coughing that occurs mostly when you are lying down: Yes/No
j. Coughing up blood in the last month: Yes/No
k. Wheezing: Yes/No
l. Wheezing that interferes with your job: Yes/No
m. Chest pain when you breathe deeply: Yes/No
n. Any other symptoms that you think may be related to lung problems: Yes/No
5. Have you ever had any of the following cardiovascular or heart problems?
a. Heart attack: Yes/No
20

21. b. Stroke: Yes/No
c. Angina (pain in chest): Yes/No
d. Heart failure: Yes/No
e. Swelling in your legs or feet (not caused by walking): Yes/No
f. Irregular heart beat (an arrhythmia): Yes/No/Do not know.
g. High blood pressure: Yes/No/Do not know
h. Any other heart problem that you have been told about: Yes/No
6. Have you ever had any of the following cardiovascular or heart symptoms?
a. Frequent pain or tightness in your chest: Yes/No
b. Pain or tightness in your chest during physical activity: Yes/No
c. Pain or tightness in your chest that interferes with your job: Yes/No
d. In the past two years, have you noticed your heart skipping or missing a beat: Yes/No
e. Heartburn or indigestion that is not related to eating: Yes/No
f. Any other symptoms that you think may be related to heart or circulation problems: Yes/No
7. Do you currently take medication for any of the following problems?
a. Breathing or lung problems: Yes/No
b. Heart trouble: Yes/No
c. Blood pressure: Yes/No
d. Seizures (fits): Yes/No
8. If you have used a respirator, have you ever had any of the following problems?
(If you have never used a respirator, check the following space and go to question 9:)
a. Eye irritation: Yes/No
b. Skin allergies or rashes: Yes/No
c. Anxiety: Yes/No
d. General weakness or fatigue: Yes/No
e. Breathing difficulty: Yes/No
f. Any other problem that interferes with your use of a respirator: Yes/No
9. Would you like to talk to the health care professional who will review this questionnaire about your answers
to this questionnaire: Yes/No
Questions 10-15 must be answered by every employee who has been selected to use either a full-facepiece
respirator or a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). For employees who have been selected to use
other types of respirators, answering this question is voluntary.
10. Have you ever lost vision in either eye (temporarily or permanently): Yes/No
11. Do you currently have any of the following vision problems?
a. Wear contact lenses: Yes/No
b. Wear glasses: Yes/No
c. Color blind: Yes/No
d. Any other eye or vision problem: Yes/No
12. Have you ever had an injury to your ears, including a broken ear drum: Yes/No
13. Do you currently have any of the following hearing problems?
a. Difficulty hearing: Yes/No
b. Wear a hearing aid: Yes/No
c. Any other hearing or ear problem: Yes/No
21

22. 14. Have you ever had a back injury: Yes/No
15. Do you currently have any of the following musculoskeletal problems?
a. Weakness in any of your arms, hands, legs, or feet: Yes/No
b. Back pain: Yes/No
c. Difficulty fully moving your arms and legs: Yes/No
d. Pain and stiffness when you lean forward or backward at the waist: Yes/No
e. Difficulty fully moving your head up or down: Yes/No
f. Difficulty fully moving your head side to side: Yes/No
g. Difficulty bending at your knees: Yes/No
h. Difficulty squatting to the ground: Yes/No
(continued on next page)
i. Difficulty climbing a flight of stairs or a ladder carrying more than 25 lbs: Yes/No
j. Any other muscle or skeletal problem that interferes with using a respirator: Yes/No
At the discretion of the PLHCP, if further information is required to ascertain the employee’s health status and
suitability for wearing respiratory protection, the PLHPC may include and require the questionnaire found in
Title 8, California Code of Regulations, section 5144, Appendix C, Part B, Questions 1-19.
Appendix Three
Medical Recommendation Form
On ____________________, I ____________________evaluated
(Patient's name) ________________________Date _________
At this time there (are)/(are not) medical contraindications to the employee named above wearing a respirator
while working in potential pesticide exposure environments. The patient (does)/(does not) require further
medical evaluation at this time. Any restrictions to wearing a respirator or to the type of respiratory protection
are given below.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
I have provided the above-named patient with a copy of this form.
______________________________
Physician Date
Return to:
(Your Company Name)
22

23. (Your Company address)
Appendix Four
Voluntary Respirator Use Posting
[Subsection (r) posting]
Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly selected and
worn. Respirator use is encouraged even when exposures are below the exposure limit, to provide an
additional level of comfort and protection for workers. However, if a respirator is used improperly or not kept
clean, the respirator itself can become a hazard to the worker. Sometimes, workers may wear respirators to
avoid exposures to hazards, even if the amount of hazardous substance does not exceed the limits set by
OSHA standards. If your employer provides respirators for your voluntary use, or if you provide your own
respirator, you need to take certain precautions to be sure that the respirator itself does not present a
hazard.
You should do the following:
1. Read and follow all instructions provided by the manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning and care,
and warnings regarding the respirators limitations.
2. Choose respirators certified for use to protect against the contaminant of concern. NIOSH, the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, certifies
respirators. A label or statement of certification should appear on the respirator or respirator packaging. It
will tell you what the respirator is designed for and how much it will protect you.
3. Do not wear your respirator into atmospheres containing contaminants for which your respirator is not
designated to protect against. For example, a respirator designed to filter dust particles will not protect you
against gases, vapors or very small solid particles of fumes or smoke.
4. Keep track of your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use someone else's respirator.
5. Air filtering respirators DO NOT SUPPLY OXYGEN. Do not use in situations where the oxygen levels are
questionable or unknown.
23

24. Avoiding Heat Stress
Now that PPE has been discussed, it is time to examine heat stress and its relation to PPE. Heat stress
is an illness that occurs when the body builds up more heat than it can cope with. Heat stress is not
caused by exposure to pesticides, but may affect pesticide handlers who are working in hot conditions.
Wearing PPE, clothing and devices that protect the body from contact with pesticides can increase the
risk of heat stress by limiting the body’s ability to naturally cool itself.
Several factors work together to cause heat stress. Before beginning a pesticide handling task, think
about whether any of these factors are likely to be a problem. Consider making adjustments in the task
itself or in the workplace conditions, including:heat factors - temperature, humidity, air movement, and
sunlight; workload - the amount of effort a task takes; personal protective equipment (PPE); water
drinking, and scheduling.
Heat and Workload: High temperatures, high humidity, and sunlight increase the likelihood of heat
stress. Air movement, from wind or fans, should provide cooling. Because physical work causes the
body to produce more heat, a person is more likely to develop heat stress while working upright, such as
lifting or carrying heavy containers or carrying a back pack sprayer.
Cooling Systems and Shade: When indoors use fans or ventilation system, and shade whenever
possible outdoors. A work area or vehicle can sometimes be shaded with a tarp, canopy, awning, or
provided with fans or air conditioners. Consider wearing cooling vests garments with ice or frozen gel
inserts that help keep the body cool.
Allow Time to Adjust - Allow time to adjust to the heat and workload. People who have become
used to working in the heat are less likely to be affected by heat stress. Workers who are new to working
in warm environments are at increased risk of heat-related illness. To adjust to a hot working
environment, allow two hours of light duty per day in the heat for several days in a row; then gradually
increase the work period and the workload for the next several days. An adjustment period of at least
seven days is recommended. If warm weather occurs gradually, handlers may adjust naturally by
working in the increasing temperatures.
Level of PPE:
Select a level of PPE that is appropriate for the pesticide being used. The pesticide label will indicate
the minimum PPE to be used. Use personal experience and PPE selection guides to help decide
whether more protection is needed. Do not over-protect if heat stress is a concern, but wear at least the
minimum required PPE. Generally, the more protective the equipment, the more it adds to the heat load.
Select Coolest Possible PPE - Choose PPE that is designed to be as cool as possible or that
provides a cooling effect, such as a powered air-purifying respirator or, when appropriate, back-vented
coveralls. Whenever practical, choose coveralls that allow air to pass through them. Woven fabrics
(cotton, or cotton-polyester blends) allow air to pass through fairly easily. Rubber or plastic fabrics and
fabric with chemical-resistant barrier layers allow almost no air to pass through. Non-woven polyolefin
(Tyvek®) fabrics allow little air to pass through. Depending on how they are constructed, non-woven
polypropylene and polyester/wood pulp fabrics vary in their resistance to airflow.
Drinking Water Intake:
Evaporation of sweat cools the body. Under the conditions that lead to heat stress, the body produces a
large amount of sweat. To help maintain a normal body temperature, the water lost in sweat must be
replaced.
Drink Enough Water - During periods of high temperature, drink plenty of water before, during, and after
work. Do not rely on thirst. A person can lose a dangerous amount of water before feeling thirsty, and the
feeling of thirst may stop long before fluids are replaced.
24

25. Maintain Weight - Be sure to keep body weight fairly constant. All weight lost due to perspiration should
be regained every day. People working in heat stress conditions should weigh themselves before work
every day and keep weight constant by drinking plenty of water.
Scheduling:
When the combination of temperature, sunlight, humidity, workload, and PPE is likely to lead to
overheating, use scheduling to avoid heat stress.
Work During the Coolest Times - Schedule tasks requiring the heaviest workloador the most PPE during
the coolest part of the day.
Use work/rest cycles - When the possibility of heat stress is high, schedule frequent breaks to allow the
body to cool. Consider using a work/rest cycle guide to decide how long to work before taking a break.
Remember that people differ in their ability to work in hot conditions. Most work/rest cycle guides are
based on an average of many people who are adjusted to the heat and the workload. Workers who have
not had time to adjust should work less time than the guide indicates.
When using recommended work/rest cycles, continue to be alert for possible heat stress problems.
Anyone who gets dangerously hot should stop work immediately and cool down. If necessary, shorten
the time between breaks.
Signs and Symptoms of Heat Stress:
Heat stress, even in mild forms, makes people feel ill and impairs their ability to work effectively. They
may get tired quickly, feel weak, be less alert, and be less able to use good judgment. Severe heat
stress (heat stroke) is a serious illness. Unless victims are cooled quickly, they can die. Severe heat
stress is fatal to more than 10 percent of its victims, even young, healthy adults. Victims may remain
sensitive to heat for months and be unable to return to the same work.
In a warm environment, especially when physically active, the human body relies on its ability to get rid
of excess heat (i.e., heat dissipation) to maintain a healthy internal body temperature. Heat dissipation
happens naturally through sweating and increased blood flow to the skin. Workers cool down more
rapidly if the external (environmental) heat and physical activity (metabolic heat) are reduced.
If heat dissipation does not happen quickly enough, the internal body temperature keeps rising and the
worker may experience symptoms that include thirst, irritability, a rash, cramping, heat exhaustion, or
heat stroke.
Learn the signs and symptoms of heat stress and take immediate action to cool down if they appear.
Signs and symptoms may include:fatigue exhaustion, muscle weakness); headache, nausea, and chills;
dizziness and fainting; loss of coordination; severe thirst and dry mouth; altered behavior (confusion,
slurred speech, quarrelsome or irrational attitude).
Heat cramps can be painful. These are muscle spasms in the legs, arms, and stomach caused by loss
of body salts through heavy sweating. To relieve cramps, drink cool water or sports drinks. Stretching
or massaging muscles may temporarily relieve cramps. If there is a chance that stomach cramps are
being caused by pesticides rather than the bodies loss of salt, get medical help right away.
25

26. Heat-Related Illness Symptoms and Signs
Heat stroke Confusion
Slurred speech
Unconsciousness
Seizures
Heavy sweating or hot, dry skin
Very high body temperature
Rapid heart rate
Heat exhaustion Fatigue
Irritability
Thirst
Nausea or vomiting
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Heavy sweating
Elevated body temperature or fast heart rate
Heat cramps Muscle spasms or pain
Usually in legs, arms, or trunk
Heat syncope Fainting
Dizziness
Heat rash Clusters of red bumps on skin
Often appears on neck, upper chest, and skin folds
Rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) Muscle pain
Dark urine or reduced urine output
Weakness
26

27. LADDER SAFETY
Falls from portable ladders (step, straight, combination and extension) are one of the leading causes of
occupational fatalities and injuries.
Read and follow all labels/markings on the ladder. •
Avoid electrical hazards! - Look for overhead power lines before handling a ladder. Avoid using a metal
ladder near power lines or exposed energized electrical equipment.
Always inspect the ladder prior to using it. If the ladder is damaged, it must be removed from service and
tagged until repaired or discarded.
Always maintain a 3-point (two hands and a foot, or two feet and a hand) contact on the ladder when climbing.
Keep your body near the middle of the step and always face the ladder while climbing (see diagram).
Only use ladders and appropriate accessories (ladder levelers, jacks or hooks) for their
designed purposes.
Ladders must be free of any3-Point Contact slippery material on the rungs, steps or feet.
Do not use a self-supporting ladder (e.g., step ladder) as a single ladder or in a partially closed
position.
Do not use the top step/rung of a ladder as a step/rung unless it was designed for that
purpose.
Use a ladder only on a stable and level surface, unless it has been secured (top or bottom) to
prevent displacement.
Do not place a ladder on boxes, barrels or other unstable bases to obtain additional height.
Do not move or shift a ladder while a person or equipment is on the ladder.
An extension or straight ladder used to access an elevated surface must extend at least 3 feet
above the point of support (see diagram). Do not stand on the three top rungs of a straight,
single or extension ladder.
The proper angle for setting up a ladder is to place its base a quarter of the working length of the ladder
from the wall or other vertical surface (see diagram below).
A ladder placed in any location where it can be displaced by other work activities must be secured to
prevent displacement or a barricade must be erected to keep traffic away from the ladder.
Be sure that all locks on an extension ladder are properly engaged.
Do not exceed the maximum load rating of a ladder. Be aware of the ladder’s load rating and of the weight
it is supporting, including the weight of any tools or equipment.
Ladder Hazards
Two questions you should ask each time you use a ladder are:
What condition is the ladder in?
Am I using the right ladder for the job?
27

28. Inspecting the Ladder
When checking the condition of the ladder, keep these guidelines in
mind:
Rungs must be intact and free from grease or oil
Make sure there are no splinters or sharp edges
See that metal ladders are not dented or bent
Safety feet should be in place
All support braces and bolts must be secure
Make sure ropes are not torn or frayed
Make sure the hinge spreader works properly.
Note: OSHA requires that defective ladders be removed from service
and tagged or marked as "Dangerous, Do Not Use"
Choosing the Ladder
When choosing a ladder, first check the weight limit. Ladders are
usually rated as follows:
Type I-A ladders are heavy-duty and can handle up to 300 lbs.
Type I ladders can hold up to 250 lbs.
Type II ladders can hold 225 lbs.
Type III ladders are for light duty only and can hold up to 200 lbs.
Ladders also vary in length. Choose one that is high enough for the
job, but not so high that it becomes a hazard.
Using Ladders Safely
Some other things to remember include:
Make sure the ladder's feet are parallel to the surface it rests against.
Make sure the base is tied or held and that the top is anchored.
Avoid the top two steps of a stepladder and the top four rungs on other ladders.
Always face the ladder while using it.
Place the ladder at a safe angle. The distance from the bottom of the ladder to the wall should be about
1/4 of the ladder's working height.
Do not use ladders that have been exposed to fire or corrosive chemicals.
Do not use a ladder for unintended purposes, such as in place of scaffolding.
Never allow more than one person on a ladder at a time.
Use both hands when climbing a ladder.
Avoid excessive stretching or leaning.
28

29. Hazard Communication Standard
Labeling
How will labels change under the revised Hazard Communication Standard?
Under the revised HCS, once the hazard classification is completed, the standard specifies what information is
to be provided for each hazard class and category. Labels will require the following elements:
Pictogram: a symbol on a white background within a red diamond. There are nine pictograms under the
GHS. However, only eight pictograms are required under the HCS. Workplace labels may use a black border
instead of red.
Signal words: a single word on the label used to indicate the relative level of severity of a hazard and alert
the reader to a potential hazard. The signal words used are "Danger" for the more severe hazards, while
"Warning" is used for less severe hazards.
Hazard Statement: a statement assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the
hazard(s) of a chemical, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard. (Example: Highly flammable liquid
and vapor.)
Precautionary Statement: a phrase that describes recommended measures to be taken to minimize or
prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous chemical. This may also include proper
storage or handling of a hazardous chemical, and first aid instructions.
Chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors must label containers of hazardous chemicals with the
identity of the chemical, appropriate hazard warnings, and the name and address of the manufacturer or other
responsible party.
Will existing containers of chemicals need to be relabeled with the current GHS based
labeling requirements?
OSHA will require that all containers in workplaces be labeled in accordance with the revised standard by June
1, 2016. Any containers shipped after June 1, 2015 from a chemical manufacturer or importer will have a new
GHS-style label. Distributors have an additional six months, until Dec. 1, 2015, to ensure that all shipped
containers are properly labeled.
Employers then have until June 1, 2016, to comply with the labeling requirements, update their HazCom
written plans; and provide any additional employee training for newly identified physical or health hazards.
In the final rule OSHA states: "The phase-in period for the revisions to the HCS provides adequate time for
firms to deplete products in inventory that are not labeled with GHS-compliant labels and to replace workplace
containers or signs/permanent labels (such as regulated area signs) in the course of the normal cycle for
wear-and-tear replacement."
Does OSHA require portable containers to be labeled?
OSHA did not modify its previous exemption under the Hazard Communication Standard with regard to
labeling of portable containers. Where hazardous substances are transferred from a labeled container into a
portable container, used within a work shift, and under the control of the employee who performs the transfer,
no labels are required on the portable container. However, if the chemical transferred to a portable container is
not used within a work shift and under the control of the employee who performs the transfer, then labeling is
required.
Will GHS pictograms and DOT labels conflict with each other?
No. The Department of Transportation (DOT) aligned with the GHS physical hazard criteria in 2008 in order to classify
hazards for toxic materials and flammable liquids during the transport of hazardous chemicals. The elements of the GHS
which have been incorporated within Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR; 49 CFR Parts 100-180) have been
adopted by OSHA as well, so they are using the same criteria for physical hazards.
Training on label elements must include information on the type of information the employee would expect to
see on the new labels, including the:
Product identifier;
Signal word;
29

30. Pictogram;
Hazard statement(s);
Precautionary statement(s); and
Name, address and phone number of the chemical manufacturer, distributor, or importer.
Training must also include how an employee might use the labels in the workplace. For example:
Explain how information on the label can be used to ensure proper storage of hazardous chemicals.
Explain how the information on the label might be used to quickly locate information on first aid when needed
by employees or emergency personnel.
A general understanding of how the elements work together on a label. For example:
Explain that where a chemical has multiple hazards, different pictograms are used to identify the various
hazards. The employee should expect to see the appropriate pictogram for the corresponding hazard class.
Explain that when there are similar precautionary statements, the one providing the most protective
information will be included on the label.
Training on the format of the SDS must include information on:
Standardized 16-section format, including the type of information found in the various sections.
How the information on the label is related to the SDS.
How often must HazCom refresher training be given?
You must provide "effective" HazCom training to your employees at the time of their initial assignment and
whenever a new physical or health hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is introduced
into their work area. For example, if a new solvent is brought into the workplace, and it has hazards similar to
existing chemicals for which training has already been conducted, then no new training is required. If the newly
introduced solvent is a suspect carcinogen, and there has never been a carcinogenic hazard in the workplace
before, then new training for carcinogenic hazards must be conducted for employees in those work areas
where employees will be exposed.
30

31. Health Hazard
● Carcinogen
● Mutagenicity
● Reproductive Toxicity
● Respiratory Sensitizer
● Target Organ Toxicity
● Aspiration Toxicity
Flame
● Flammables
● Pyrophorics
● Self-Heating
● Emits Flammable
Gas
● Self-Reactives
● Organic Peroxides
Exclamation Mark
● Irritant (skin and eye)
● Skin Sensitizer
● Acute Toxicity
● Narcotic Effects
● Respiratory Tract Irritant
● Hazardous to Ozone Layer
● (Non-Mandatory)
Gas Cylinder
● Gases Under Pressure
Corrosion
● Skin Corrosion/Burns
● Eye Damage
● Corrosive to Metals
Exploding Bomb
● Explosives
● Self-Reactives
● Organic Peroxides
Flame Over Circle
● Oxidizers
Environment
(Non-Mandatory)
● Aquatic Toxicity
Skull and
Crossbones
● Acute Toxicity (fatal or toxic)
31

32. Hazard Communication Standard: Safety Data Sheets
The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (29 CFR 1910.1200(g)), revised in 2012,
requires that the chemical manufacturer, distributor, or importer provide Safety Data Sheets
(SDSs) (formerly MSDSs or Material Safety Data Sheets) for each hazardous chemical to
downstream users to communicate information on these hazards. The information
contained in the SDS is largely the same as the MSDS, except now the SDSs are required
to be presented in a consistent user-friendly, 16-section format. This brief provides
guidance to help workers who handle hazardous chemicals to become familiar with the
format and understand the contents of the SDSs.
The SDS includes information such as the properties of each chemical; the physical, health,
and environmental health hazards; protective measures; and safety precautions for
handling, storing, and transporting the chemical. The information contained in the SDS must
be in English (although it may be in other languages as well). In addition, OSHA requires
that SDS preparers provide specific minimum information as detailed in Appendix D of 29
CFR 1910.1200. The SDS preparers may also include additional information in various
section(s).
Sections 1 through 8 contain general information about the chemical, identification, hazards,
composition, safe handling practices, and emergency control measures (e.g., fire fighting).
This information should be helpful to those that need to get the information quickly. Sections
9 through 11 and 16 contain other technical and scientific information, such as physical and
chemical properties, stability and reactivity information, toxicological information, exposure
control information, and other information including the date of preparation or last revision.
The SDS must also state that no applicable information was found when the preparer does
not find relevant
information for any required element.
The SDS must also contain Sections 12 through 15, to be consistent with the UN Globally
Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS), but OSHA will not
enforce the content of these sections because they concern matters handled by other
agencies.
A description of all 16 sections of the SDS, along with their contents, is presented below:
Section 1: Identification
This section identifies the chemical on the SDS as well as the recommended
uses. It also provides the essential contact information of the supplier. The
required information consists of:
• Product identifier used on the label and any other common names or
synonyms by which the substance is known.
32

33. • Name, address, phone number of the manufacturer, importer, or other
responsible party, and emergency phone number.
• Recommended use of the chemical (e.g., a brief description of what it
actually does, such as flame retardant) and any restrictions on use
(including recommendations given by the supplier).
Section 2: Hazard(s) Identification
This section identifies the hazards of the chemical presented on the SDS and
the appropriate warning information associated with those hazards. The
required information consists of:
• The hazard classification of the chemical (e.g., flammable liquid, category1
).
• Signal word.
• Hazard statement(s).
• Pictograms (the pictograms or hazard symbols may be presented as
graphical reproductions of the symbols in black and white or be a description of
the name of the symbol (e.g., skull and crossbones, flame).
• Precautionary statement(s).
• Description of any hazards not otherwise classified.
• For a mixture that contains an ingredient(s) with unknown toxicity, a
statement describing how much (percentage) of the mixture consists of
ingredient(s) with unknown acute toxicity. Please note that this is a total
percentage of the mixture and not tied to the individual ingredient(s).
Section 3: Composition/Information on Ingredients
This section identifies the ingredient(s) contained in the product indicated on the SDS,
including impurities and stabilizing additives. This section includes information on
substances, mixtures, and all chemicals where a trade secret is claimed. The required
information consists of:
Substances
• Chemical name.
• Common name and synonyms.
• Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number and other unique identifiers.
• Impurities and stabilizing additives, which are themselves classified and
which contribute to the classification of the chemical.
Mixtures
• Same information required for substances.
• The chemical name and concentration (i.e., exact percentage) of all
ingredients which are classified as health hazards and are:
° Present above their cut-off/concentration limits or
° Present a health risk below the cut-off/concentration limits.
33

34. • The concentration (exact percentages) of each ingredient must be specified except
concentration ranges may be used in the following situations:
° A trade secret claim is made,
° There is batch-to-batch variation, or
° The SDS is used for a group of substantially similar mixtures.
Chemicals where a trade secret is claimed
• A statement that the specific chemical identity and/or exact percentage
(concentration) of composition has been withheld as a trade secret is
required.
1
Chemical, as defined in the HCS, is any substance, or mixture of substances.
Section 4: First - Aid Measures
This section describes the initial care that should be given by untrained responders to an
individual who has been exposed to the chemical. The required information consists of:
• Necessary first-aid instructions by relevant routes of exposure (inhalation, skin and eye
contact, and ingestion).
• Description of the most important symptoms or effects, and any symptoms that are
acute or delayed.
• Recommendations for immediate medical care and special treatment needed, when
Necessary.
Section 5: Fire-Fighting Measures
This section provides recommendations for fighting a fire caused by the
chemical. The required information consists of:
• Recommendations of suitable extinguishing equipment, and information about
extinguishing equipment that is not appropriate for a particular situation.
• Advice on specific hazards that develop from the chemical during the
fire, such as any hazardous combustion products created when the
chemical burns.
• Recommendations on special protective equipment or precautions for firefighters.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
This section provides recommendations on the appropriate response to spills,
leaks, or releases, including containment and cleanup practices to prevent or
minimize exposure to people, properties, or the environment.
It may also include recommendations distinguishing between responses for large
and small spills where the spill volume has a significant impact on the
hazard. The required information may consist of recommendations for:
• Use of personal precautions (such as removal of ignition sources or providing sufficient
ventilation) and protective equipment to prevent the contamination of skin, eyes, and
clothing.
34

35. • Emergency procedures, including instructions for evacuations,
consulting experts when needed, and appropriate protective clothing.
• Methods and materials used for containment (e.g., covering the
drains and capping procedures).
•Cleanup procedures (e.g., appropriate techniques for neutralization,
decontamination, cleaning or vacuuming; adsorbent materials; and/or
equipment required for containment/clean up).
Section 7: Handeling and Storage
This section provides guidance on the safe handling practices and conditions
for safe storage of chemicals. The required information consists of:
• Precautions for safe handling, including recommendations for handling incompatible
chemicals, minimizing the release of the chemical into the environment, and
providing advice on general hygiene practices (e.g., eating, drinking, and
smoking in work areas is prohibited).
• Recommendations on the conditions for safe storage, including any
incompatibilities. Provide advice on specific storage requirements (e.g.,
ventilation requirements).
Section 8: Physical and Chemical Properties
This section indicates the exposure limits, engineering controls, and personal protective
measures that can be used to minimize worker exposure. The required information
consists of:
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs), American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), and
any other exposure limit used or recommended by the chemical manufacturer,
importer, or employer preparing the safety data sheet, where available.
• Appropriate engineering controls (e.g., use local exhaust ventilation, or use
only in an enclosed system).
• Recommendations for personal protective measures to prevent illness or injury
from exposure to chemicals, such as personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g.,
appropriate types of eye, face, skin or respiratory protection needed based on
hazards and potential exposure).
• Any special requirements for PPE, protective clothing or respirators (e.g., type
of glove material, such as PVC or nitrile rubber gloves; and breakthrough time of
the glove material).
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
This section identifies physical and chemical properties associated with the
substance or mixture. The minimum required information consists of:
• Appearance (physical state, color, etc.); • Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits;
• Odor; • Vapor pressure;
• Odor threshold; • Vapor density;
• pH; • Relative density;
• Melting point/freezing point; • Solubility(ies);
• Initial boiling point and boiling range; • Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water;
35

36. • Flash point; • Auto-ignition temperature;
• Evaporation rate; • Decomposition temperature; and
• Flammability (solid, gas); • Viscosity.
The SDS may not contain every item on the above list because information may
not be relevant or is not available. When this occurs, a notation to that effect
must be made for that chemical property. Manufacturers may also add other
relevant properties, such as the dust deflagration index (Kst) for combustible
dust, used to evaluate a dust’s explosive potential.
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity
This section describes the reactivity hazards of the chemical and the chemical stability
information. This section is broken into three parts: reactivity, chemical
stability, and other. The required information consists of:
Reactivity
• Description of the specific test data for the chemical(s). This data can be for
a class or family of the chemical if such data adequately represent the
anticipated hazard of the chemical(s), where available.
Chemical stability
• Indication of whether the chemical is stable or unstable under normal
ambient temperature and conditions while in storage and being handled.
• Description of any stabilizers that may be needed to maintain chemical stability.
• Indication of any safety issues that may arise should the product
change in physical appearance.
Other
• Indication of the possibility of hazardous reactions, including a statement
whether the chemical will react or polymerize, which could release excess
pressure or heat, or create other hazardous conditions. Also, a description of
the conditions under which hazardous reactions may occur.
• List of all conditions that should be avoided (e.g., static discharge, shock,
vibrations, or environmental conditions that may lead to hazardous conditions).
• List of all classes of incompatible materials (e.g., classes of chemicals or
specific substances) with which the chemical could react to produce a
hazardous situation.
• List of any known or anticipated hazardous decomposition products that could be
produced
because of use, storage, or heating. (Hazardous combustion products should
also be included in Section 5 (Fire-Fighting Measures) of the SDS.)
Section 11: Toxicological Information
This section identifies toxicological and health effects information or
indicates that such data are not available. The required information consists
of:
• Information on the likely routes of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, skin
and eye contact). The SDS should indicate if the information is unknown.
• Description of the delayed, immediate, or chronic effects from short- and long-term
exposure.
36

37. • The numerical measures of toxicity (e.g., acute toxicity estimates such as the
LD50 (median lethal dose)) - the estimated amount [of a substance] expected
to kill 50% of test animals in a single dose.
• Description of the symptoms. This description includes the symptoms associated with
exposure to the chemical including symptoms from the lowest to the most severe
exposure.
• Indication of whether the chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP)
Report on Carcinogens (latest edition) or has been found to be a potential
carcinogen in the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Monographs (latest editions) or found to be a potential carcinogen by
OSHA.
Section 12: Ecological Information (non-mandatory)
This section provides information to evaluate the environmental impact of the
chemical(s) if it were released to the environment. The information may
include:
• Data from toxicity tests performed on aquatic and/or terrestrial organisms, where
available
(e.g., acute or chronic aquatic toxicity data for fish, algae, crustaceans, and
other plants; toxicity data on birds, bees, plants).
• Whether there is a potential for the chemical to persist and degrade in the
environment either through biodegradation or other processes, such as
oxidation or hydrolysis.
• Results of tests of bioaccumulation potential, making reference to the
octanol- water partition coefficient (Kow) and the bioconcentration factor (BCF),
where available.
• The potential for a substance to move from the soil to the groundwater
(indicate results from adsorption studies or leaching studies).
• Other adverse effects (e.g., environmental fate, ozone layer depletion potential,
photochemical
ozone creation potential, endocrine disrupting potential, and/or global warming potential).
Section 13: Disposal Considerations(non-mandatory)
This section provides guidance on proper disposal practices, recycling or
reclamation of the chemical(s) or its container, and safe handling practices.
To minimize exposure, this section should also refer the reader to Section 8
(Exposure Controls/Personal Protection) of the SDS. The information may
include:
• Description of appropriate disposal containers to use.
• Recommendations of appropriate disposal methods to employ.
• Description of the physical and chemical properties that may affect disposal activities.
• Language discouraging sewage disposal.
• Any special precautions for landfills or incineration activities.
Section 14: Transport Information (non-mandatory)
This section provides guidance on classification information for shipping and
transporting of hazardous chemical(s) by road, air, rail, or sea. The
information may include:
37

38. • UN number (i.e., four-figure identification number of the substance)2
.
• UN proper shipping name2
.
• Transport hazard class(es)2
.
• Packing group number, if applicable, based on the degree of hazard2
.
• Environmental hazards (e.g., identify if it is a marine pollutant according to
the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code)).
• Guidance on transport in bulk (according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/783
and
the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying
Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code)).
• Any special precautions which an employee should be aware of or needs to
comply with, in connection with transport or conveyance either within or
outside their premises (indicate when information is not available).
2
Found in the most recent edition of the United Nations Recommendations on
the Transport of Dangerous Goods.
3
MARPOL 73/78 means the International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto,
as amended.
Section 15: Regulatory Information (non-mandatory)
This section identifies the safety, health, and environmental regulations specific
for the product that is not indicated anywhere else on the SDS. The
information may include:
• Any national and/or regional regulatory information of the chemical or mixtures
(including any OSHA, Department of Transportation, Environmental Protection
Agency, or Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations).
Section 16: Other Information
This section indicates when the SDS was prepared or when the last known
revision was made.
The SDS may also state where the changes have been made to the previous
version. You may wish to contact the supplier for an explanation of the changes.
Other useful information also may be included here.
Employer Responsibilities
Employers must ensure that the SDSs are readily accessible to employees for all
hazardous chemicals in their workplace. This may be done in many ways. For example,
employers may keep the SDSs in a binder or on computers as long as the employees have
immediate access to the information without leaving their work area when needed and a
back-up is available for rapid access to the SDS in the case of a power outage or other
emergency. Furthermore, employers may want to designate a person(s) responsible for
obtaining and maintaining the SDSs. If the employer does not have an SDS, the employer or
designated person(s) should contact the manufacturer to obtain one.
References
38

39. OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.1200(g) and Appendix D. United Nations Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), third revised edition, United Nations, 2009.
These references and other information related to the revised Hazard Communication
Standard can be found on OSHA’s Hazard Communication Safety and Health Topics
page, located at:
http://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html.
Disclaimer: This brief provides a general overview of the safety data sheet requirements in the
Hazard Communication Standard (see 29 CFR 1910.1200(g) and Appendix D of 29 CFR 1910.1200).
It does not alter or determine compliance responsibilities in the standard or the Occupational Safety
and Health Act of 1970. Since interpretations and enforcement policy may change over time, the
reader should consult current OSHA interpretations and decisions by the Occupational Safety and
Health Review Commission and the courts for additional guidance on OSHA compliance
requirements. Please note that states with OSHA-approved state plans may have additional
requirements for chemical safety data sheets, outside of those outlined above. For more information
on those standards, please visit:
http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/osp/statestandards.html.
39

40. The HAZARDS INVOLVED
"TOXICITY vs. HAZARD"
TOXICITY refers to how poisonous the material is, TOXICITY represents the killing power of the
pesticide. The more toxic the material is the more dangerous it is to use.
HAZARDS are the dangers associated with using poisonous materials. The more toxic the material
the more HAZARDOUS it will be for you to use. You must be extra careful when handling the most
toxic pesticides.
"TOXICITY"
Pesticide Toxicity is measured in terms of the "LD50" or "LC50".
"LD50" represents he Lethal Dose required to kill 50% of the test animals. "LD50" is measured in
terms of milligrams of pesticide per kilogram of body weight. A low LD50 number would indicate a
very toxic material.
"LC50" - Fumigant Toxicity is measured in terms of the "LC50" which represents the Lethal
Concentration of the fumigant in the air that is required to kill 50% of the test animals.
40

41. Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 - Protection of Environment
Volume:24 Date: 2014-07-01 Title: Section § 156.62 - Toxicity Category.
Acute Toxicity
Categories for
Pesticide
Products
Hazard
Indicators
Highly Toxic
Category
I
DANGER/Danger-Poison
Modertly Toxic
Category
II
WARNING
Low Toxicity
Category
III
CAUTION
Very Low
Toxicity
Category
IV
Optional signal
word Caution
Oral LD50
Up to and including 50
mg/kg
>50 thru 500
mg/kg
>500 thru 5,000
mg/kg
>5,000 mg/kg
Dermal LD50
Up to and including 200
mg/kg
>200 thru 2000
mg/kg
>2000 thru 20,000
mg/kg
>20,000
mg/kg
Inhalation LC50
Up to and including 0.2
mg/liter
>0.2 thru 2
mg/liter
>2 thru 20 mg/liter >2.0 mg/liter
Eye irritation
Corrosive; corneal
opacity not reversible
within 7 days
Corneal opacity
reversible within 7
days; irritation
persisting for 7
days
No corneal opacity;
irritation reversible
within 7 days
No irritation
Skin irritation Corrosive
Severe irritation
at 72 hours
Moderate irritation at
72 hours
Mild or slight
irritation at 72
hours
Signal Word Category** Toxicity (Lethal Dose)*
Danger or
Danger-Poison
Class I—highly toxic
Corrosive or irritant properties, a few drops to 1
teaspoon
Warning Class II—moderately toxic 1 teaspoon to 1 ounce
Caution Class III—slightly toxic
1 ounce to 1 pint/
1 pound
Caution or none Class IV—very slight hazard Over 1 pint or 1 pound
41

42. Signal words that may appear on the label.
* Lethal doses are listed for a 150-lb. adult.
**A product’s toxicity category determines what must be on its label.
Secondary Containers and Service Containers for Pesticides
EPA Guide Lines and Recommendations
Secondary containers and service containers are often used by pesticide applicators when they are
applying a pesticide. EPA does not require secondary containers or service containers to be labeled or to
meet particular construction standards. However, for both types of containers, the applicator is
responsible for following the requirements on the pesticide product’s labeling and complying with other
relevant requirements in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and other
statutes.
Given that both secondary and service containers are widely used, however, EPA has some
recommendations for users who choose to label these containers. These recommendations for labeling
are intended to help ensure the safe use of pesticides. Any labeling on secondary or service containers
should not conflict with the product labeling.
Secondary and Service Contrainers
Secondary containers and service containers are similar, but there are some minor differences, and
different terms are used in different settings. A secondary container is used to apply and/or store an
EPA-registered pesticide and, when it holds the pesticide, is neither sold nor distributed. Secondary
containers are most commonly used in institutional settings for concentrated products that are diluted
prior to use, or to hold pesticides filled from a larger container to be used or stored prior to application.
Often secondary containers are filled by end users at the site where the product will be used.
Service containers are containers that are filled with an EPA-registered pesticide by an applicator and
usually transported to a use site where the pesticide will be applied by the applicator. Although a product
may be temporarily stored in a service container, the container is not intended for long-term storage. The
term "service container" is often used in the agricultural setting and by pest control operators. Service
containers also are not used to sell or distribute the pesticide.
EPA Recommendations for Labeling Secondary and Service Containers
Although the Agency does not require labels on secondary and service containers, the Department of
Transportation (DOT) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements may
apply. EPA recommends that the applicator identify the material in the secondary or service container in
the event of a spill to ensure that adequate information regarding the pesticide can be obtained in case of
medical or environmental emergency. EPA recommends that such labels include the following
information:
The name, address and telephone number of the applicator/pest control firm [if applicable].
Product name.
EPA registration number.
Name and percentage of active ingredient.
42

43. If the product in the container is diluted, it should be followed by the phrase:
“The product in this container is diluted as directed on the pesticide product label.”
Signal word and precautionary statements (including First Aid statements) from the registered label
unless the registrant has acute toxicity data supporting lesser precautionary statements for the diluted
product and alternate directions for the diluted product are indicated on the product label; and
The statement:
“Follow the directions for use on the pesticide label when applying this product.”
It is a good management practice to ensure that the label for the pesticide product that has been put into
a secondary or service container is available to any person transporting, handling and/or applying the
pesticide.
EPA also allows registrants to provide labels to users for secondary containers that are used to apply or
temporarily store end-use pesticides, as long as the labels that accompany the containers are not
inconsistent, i.e., have no other statements that conflict, with the EPA approved pesticide label.
Can an applicator leave a service container with a customer for the customer to apply?
No, if the applicator leaves a filled service container with a customer for the customer to apply, the
container is being used to sell or distribute the pesticide rather than for the applicator to use the pesticide.
This triggers a number of different requirements. Selling and/or distributing a pesticide requires the
product to be registered with EPA, the product container display full labeling, and for transfer of the
product into a container to occur at a pesticide producing establishment registered with the EPA.
Triple-Rinsing
Rinsing is NOT Optional
Federal regulations require the rinsing of liquid pesticide containers. Violation of these regulations is
punishable by criminal and/or civil penalties. When an empty container is recycled, or disposed of
according to label directions.
it must be properly rinsed. Approved pesticide container recyclers can accept only properly rinsed
containers. Some landfill operations may not accept any pesticide containers, rinsed or unrinsed.
This focus will be on containers 2.5 gallon and less
This does not require any special equipment and can be used with plastic, non-pressurized metal, and glass
containers. Triple rinse when you empty the container.
Directions
Empty the pesticide into the spray tank, and allow it to drain for 10 seconds after it begins to drip.
Fill the container ¼ full of water, and securely replace the cap.
Shake for 10 seconds to rinse all inside surfaces.
Pour rinsate into application equipment, and allow the container to drain for 10 seconds after it begins to
drip.
Repeat steps 2 through 5 two more times.
Rinse the cap, leave it removed, and dispose of it in normal refuse.
Allow the clean container to dry. Store for later recycling or disposal
How to Triple-Rinse 2.5-Gallon Containers
1. Wear the same personal protective equipment (PPE) while rinsing containers as the pesticide label
requires for handling and mixing.
2. Remove the cap from the pesticide container. Empty all pesticide into the spray tank, allowing the
container to drain for 30 seconds. Begin rinsing immediately or the product may be difficult to remove. If
you are unable to rinse the container immediately, replace the cap until the container can be tripled
rinsed.
3. Fill the container 10 percent to 20 percent full of water or rinse solution (i.e., fertilizer solution).
4. Replace the cap on the container.
43

44. 5. Swirl or shake the liquid within the container to rinse all inside surfaces.
6. Remove the cap from the container. Pour the rinsate from the pesticide container into the spray tank
and allow it to drain for 30 seconds or more.
7. Repeat steps 3 through 6 two more times.
8. Puncture or crush the container so it cannot be reused. Keep any puncturing or crushing tools with the
pesticide.
How To Safely Store Pesticides
Store pesticides out of reach of children and pets. If possible, keep pesticides in a locked cabinet in a
well-ventilated utility area.
Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies.
Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or where they might spill or leak into wells,
drains, ground water, or surface water.
Always store pesticides in their original containers with the label, which lists directions for use,
ingredients, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never transfer pesticides to soft drink
bottles or other containers. Children or others may mistake them for something to eat or drink.
Always keep personal protective equipment (PPE) and a pesticide spill kit (chemical-resistant gloves,
coveralls, and goggles; sorbent pads and absorbent material such as kitty litter; and a plastic temporary
storage bag or container) readily available in or near the pesticide storage area. When storing pesticides
on shelving, place liquid formulations on lower shelves and dry formulations above them. If a liquid
formulation container leaks, the dry formulations will not be contaminated. Keeping the liquid containers
on lower shelving also helps reduce the risk of accidental spills if the container is knocked off the shelf.
Post weatherproof signs, stating “Danger - Pesticides - Keep Out!” or a similar warning on
each door and in any windows of the facility. In some cases, it may be advisable to post the
warning signs in one or more languages in addition to English. Post the name, address, and
phone number of a contact per-son at the primary entrance to the storage area.
Regardless of whether it is a cabinet, room, or an entire building, the pesticide storage area should be
lockable to prevent unauthorized entry and should be used only for pesticides and pesticide equipment.
A floor plan, records related to the storage location, and an annual inventory of the pesticides and
containers in storage should be provided to the local emergency response coordinator as well.
Wooden pallets or metal shelves must be provided for storing granular and dry formulations
packaged in sacks, fiber drums, boxes, or other water-permeable containers. If metal pesticide containers
are stored for a prolonged period, they should be placed on pallets, rather than directly on the floor, to
help reduce potential corrosion and leakage.
The pesticide storage location should be a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of heat
or flame. See the pesticide label for specific storage recommendations. Some pesticides may not
be as effective if they are or have been frozen or overheated. Expansion of pesticides caused by
freezing or heating can cause containers to crack or break, resulting in potentially dangerous leaks
or spills. Heat expansion of a liquid pesticide also may result in contents that are under pressure.
When the container is opened, the pressure may cause an overflow and/or contamination of the
user or storage site. Excessively high temperatures (120o
F or higher) also can change the
effectiveness of a pesticide and may produce dangerous fumes, making the storage area unsafe.
To prepare for pesticide applications, remove the pesticide containers from storage and take them to
an open area. Always measure and mix pesticides in a well-lit, well-ventilated location. Regardless of
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45. whether they are partially or completely emptied, never leave pesticide containers open or
unattended while the pesticide is being applied. Return all containers to storage prior to application to
prevent accidental spills, ingestion, or exposure to people, pets, livestock, or wildlife.
Mixing and applying pesticides requires detailed attention to label instructions, along with common
sense and good judgment. So, too, does pesticide storage. Being careless or using improper storage
procedures is an open invitation to disaster.
Spilled pesticides must be contained. If the pesticide starts to spread, contain it by diking with soil or
absorbent materials, if this can be done safely without contacting the pesticide or breathing the fumes.
Never hose down a contaminated area. This will cause the pesticide to spread and infiltrate into the soil,
possibly reaching groundwater. If the spill is liquid, use activated charcoal, absorptive clay, vermiculite, pet
litter, or sawdust to cover the entire spill area. Use enough absorbing materials to completely soak up the
liquid. Then sweep or shovel the material into a leak-proof container. Dispose of this material according to
the label of the pesticide involved.
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