This paper focuses on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller based Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) for mitigating the harmonics of the distribution system. To increase the performance of the conventional controller and take advantage of smart controllers, a feed forward-type (trained by a back propagation algorithm) ANN-based technique is implemented in shunt active power filters for producing the controlled pulses required for IGBT inverter. The proposed approach mainly work on the principle of capacitor energy to maintain the DC link voltage of a shunt connected filter and thus reduces the transient response time when there is abrupt variation in the load. The entire power system block set model of the proposed scheme has been developed in MATLAB environment. Simulations are carried out by using MATLAB, it is noticed that the %THD is reduced to 2.27% from 29.71% by ANN controlled filter. The simulated experimental results also show that the novel control method is not only easy to be computed and implemented, but also very successful in reducing harmonics.
Performance analysis of three phase shunt hybrid active power filtereSAT Journals
Abstract Active filtering of electric power has now become a mature technology for harmonic and reactive power Compensation in AC networks. The past several years have seen a rapid increase of power electronics-based loads connected to low and medium voltage power distribution systems. These loads draw non-sinusoidal current from the mains, degrading the power quality by causing harmonic distortion. This paper proposes a three phase Shunt Hybrid Active Filter (SHAF) topology for harmonic reduction and power factor improvement in low voltage power distribution systems. The compensation current reference for the proposed SHAF topology is obtained by using synchronous reference frame theorem. This theorem simplifies the equations for the current reference estimation in d-q co-ordinates thus leading to a more efficient and fast computation. To generate the compensation current that follows the current reference, the hysteresis current control method is adopted for 2-level VSI in low voltage system, the system is verified by developing simulation model using MATLAB/Simulink simulation package and the results are presented. The performance of shunt active filter and the proposed shunt hybrid active filter topology in reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) is compared for low voltage distribution system. Keywords: SAPF, SHPF, PI control, THD, Hysteresis current pulse width modulation, D-Q reference frame theory.
The Shunt Active Power Filter to Compensate Reactive Power and Harmonics with...ijtsrd
In this paper is to study the denomination Power quality and large refers to maintaining a proximal sinusoidal power distribution bus voltage at rated magnitude and frequency. This is mainly affected by the generation of harmonics. Even though electronic and non-linear devices are flexible, economical and energy efficient, they may degrade power quality by creating harmonic currents and consuming excessive reactive power. This paper shows the method of improving the power quality using shunt active power filter with proposed optimized PI. The proposed topic comprises of PI controller, filter hysteresis current control loop, dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is from hysteresis current controller techniques. With the all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. Its source current, compensating current and THD values are studied, then PI control strategy is applied then the differences in THD are compared. The PI feedback compensation design starts with the small signal system' transfer function. Then an optimum constant of PI for a Shunt-APF is proposed and implemented to enhance its response to compensation of harmonics of linear and non-linear loads. The obtained results have demonstrated the ability to compensate the current harmonics effectively under distorted source conditions. The fluctuation in the dc bus voltage of the filter depends on the compensation speed of the outer loop that regulates the dc bus voltage. The proposed shunt active filter model uses balanced linear and non-linear load works successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensate current harmonics. The model is made in MATLAB SIMULINK and successfully reduces the harmonic in the source current. Mr. Amit Kumar Rajan | Dr. E Vijay Kumar"The Shunt Active Power Filter to Compensate Reactive Power and Harmonics with optimized PI controller in a 3 Phase 3 Wire Distribution System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18196.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/18196/the-shunt-active-power-filter-to-compensate-reactive-power-and-harmonics-with-optimized-pi-controller-in-a-3-phase-3-wire-distribution-system/mr-amit-kumar-rajan
Power System Harmonic Compensation Using Shunt Active Power FilterIJERA Editor
This paper shows the method of improving the power quality using shunt active power filter. The proposedtopic comprises of PI controller, filter hysteresis current control loop, dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is fromhysteresis current controller techniques. With the all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. Thispaper represents the simulation and analysis of the using three phase three wire system active filter to compensate harmonics .Theproposed shunt active filter model uses balanced non-linear load. This paper successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensatecurrent harmonics.
report of Improvement of the Electric Power Quality Using Series Active and S...Vikram Rawani
The increase of nonlinear loads due to the proliferation of electronic equipment causes power quality in the power system to deteriorate. Harmonic current drawn from a supply by the nonlinear load results in the distortion of the supply voltage waveform at the point of common coupling (PCC) due to the source impedance. Both distorted current and voltage may cause end-user equipment to malfunction, conductors to overheat and may reduce the efficiency and life expectancy of the equipment connected at the PCC.
Performance analysis of three phase shunt hybrid active power filtereSAT Journals
Abstract Active filtering of electric power has now become a mature technology for harmonic and reactive power Compensation in AC networks. The past several years have seen a rapid increase of power electronics-based loads connected to low and medium voltage power distribution systems. These loads draw non-sinusoidal current from the mains, degrading the power quality by causing harmonic distortion. This paper proposes a three phase Shunt Hybrid Active Filter (SHAF) topology for harmonic reduction and power factor improvement in low voltage power distribution systems. The compensation current reference for the proposed SHAF topology is obtained by using synchronous reference frame theorem. This theorem simplifies the equations for the current reference estimation in d-q co-ordinates thus leading to a more efficient and fast computation. To generate the compensation current that follows the current reference, the hysteresis current control method is adopted for 2-level VSI in low voltage system, the system is verified by developing simulation model using MATLAB/Simulink simulation package and the results are presented. The performance of shunt active filter and the proposed shunt hybrid active filter topology in reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) is compared for low voltage distribution system. Keywords: SAPF, SHPF, PI control, THD, Hysteresis current pulse width modulation, D-Q reference frame theory.
The Shunt Active Power Filter to Compensate Reactive Power and Harmonics with...ijtsrd
In this paper is to study the denomination Power quality and large refers to maintaining a proximal sinusoidal power distribution bus voltage at rated magnitude and frequency. This is mainly affected by the generation of harmonics. Even though electronic and non-linear devices are flexible, economical and energy efficient, they may degrade power quality by creating harmonic currents and consuming excessive reactive power. This paper shows the method of improving the power quality using shunt active power filter with proposed optimized PI. The proposed topic comprises of PI controller, filter hysteresis current control loop, dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is from hysteresis current controller techniques. With the all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. Its source current, compensating current and THD values are studied, then PI control strategy is applied then the differences in THD are compared. The PI feedback compensation design starts with the small signal system' transfer function. Then an optimum constant of PI for a Shunt-APF is proposed and implemented to enhance its response to compensation of harmonics of linear and non-linear loads. The obtained results have demonstrated the ability to compensate the current harmonics effectively under distorted source conditions. The fluctuation in the dc bus voltage of the filter depends on the compensation speed of the outer loop that regulates the dc bus voltage. The proposed shunt active filter model uses balanced linear and non-linear load works successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensate current harmonics. The model is made in MATLAB SIMULINK and successfully reduces the harmonic in the source current. Mr. Amit Kumar Rajan | Dr. E Vijay Kumar"The Shunt Active Power Filter to Compensate Reactive Power and Harmonics with optimized PI controller in a 3 Phase 3 Wire Distribution System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18196.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/18196/the-shunt-active-power-filter-to-compensate-reactive-power-and-harmonics-with-optimized-pi-controller-in-a-3-phase-3-wire-distribution-system/mr-amit-kumar-rajan
Power System Harmonic Compensation Using Shunt Active Power FilterIJERA Editor
This paper shows the method of improving the power quality using shunt active power filter. The proposedtopic comprises of PI controller, filter hysteresis current control loop, dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is fromhysteresis current controller techniques. With the all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. Thispaper represents the simulation and analysis of the using three phase three wire system active filter to compensate harmonics .Theproposed shunt active filter model uses balanced non-linear load. This paper successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensatecurrent harmonics.
report of Improvement of the Electric Power Quality Using Series Active and S...Vikram Rawani
The increase of nonlinear loads due to the proliferation of electronic equipment causes power quality in the power system to deteriorate. Harmonic current drawn from a supply by the nonlinear load results in the distortion of the supply voltage waveform at the point of common coupling (PCC) due to the source impedance. Both distorted current and voltage may cause end-user equipment to malfunction, conductors to overheat and may reduce the efficiency and life expectancy of the equipment connected at the PCC.
A study of hysteresis band current control scheme for shunt active power filt...Asoka Technologies
This paper gives an analysis of harmonic currents in power electronics equipment produced by nonlinear loads.. Shunt active power filters (APF) play a key role to reduce harmonics current generated by nonlinear loads. Impact of shunt active power filter (APF) for compensating the harmonics current has been examined and analyzed by using Hysteresis current control technique. In this paper, harmonic control strategy is applied to compensate the current harmonics in the system. A comparative study between PI, HCC, adaptive HCC for the harmonic current mitigation has been used using shunt active filter technique. Simulated results are analyzed using MATLAB
Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using ...AI Publications
Research paper focuses on enhancement of the power quality, Harmonic reduction and Reactive power compensation . Power quality problems became the foremost important concern now a days. Active filters with synchronous detection methodologies are vividly employed in distribution system to be sure that the harmonics generated by non-linear loads is reduced and leads to less voltage distortion and leads to lesser power superiority problems. The three physical characteristics that mostly underline the power quality and a power quality issues are Voltage, Current and Frequency. Harmonics is defined as a disturbance demonstrated in current or voltage or frequency waveforms which result in devastation, or failure of final equipment ..This paper examines the control of Shunt Active Power Filter with Synchronous Detection Method . Simulation results using MATLAB SIMULINK demonstrates the application of these methods to the control of Active Power Filter . Moreover, this work shows that how the power quality improvement in 3 phase is done with Synchronous Detection Method .
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance enhancement of shunt active power filter with fuzzy and hysteresi...Asoka Technologies
This paper proposes fuzzy and hysteresis controllers based three phase Shunt Active Power Filter
for current harmonic compensation to improve the performance of 3ɸ supply system feeding
non- linear loads. The Shunt Active Power Filter is used to eliminate current harmonics. The dc
link control strategy is based on the fuzzy logic controller. Gating pulses for the Shunt Active
Filter is generated using Hysteresis current controller based Pulse width modulation technique.
The proposed model is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results show that the
dynamic behavior is better than the conventional Proportional- Integral (PI) controller and is
found to be more robust for changes in load.
Simulation and Design of SRF based Control Algorithm for Three Phase Shunt Ac...idescitation
Active power filters are effective in mitigating line
current harmonics and compensating for the reactive power
in the line. There are basically two types of Active Power
Filters (APFs): shunt type and series type. Shunt active power
filters (SAPFs) represent the most important and most widely
used filters in industrial purposes, this is due not only to the
fact that eliminate the harmonic current but also they are
suitable for a wide range of power ratings. In this paper,
Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory is employed to
calculate compensating currents while the three phase source
is feeding a highly non-linear load. The main objective is to
study and investigate the performance of Shunt active power
filter using SRF theory. The algorithm is simulated under
M ATLAB
7.8
environment
using
Simulinkand
SimPowerSystems toolbox. The results shown are within the
IEEE Standard 512-1992.
presentation of Conference On Electrical And Electronic Engineering 2015sager alswed
The designed three phase SAPF based on instantaneous p-q theory was simulated in MATLAB /SIMULINK by using different load conditions i.e. R-L load, suddenly connected R-L load, and additional unbalance R load. Its application was successfully proved and the validity achieved by minimizing the harmonics and improving PF as summarized in Table 2. Consequently, the supply current is almost pure sinusoidal. THD observed was fund to be within the prescribed limits of 5% as recommended by IEEE-519 standard.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design of shunt active power filter to mitigate harmonicsager alswed
The designed three phase SAPF based on instantaneous p-q theory was simulated in MATLAB /SIMULINK by using different load conditions i.e. R-L load, suddenly connected R-L load, and additional unbalance R load. Its application was successfully proved and the validity achieved by minimizing the harmonics and improving PF as summarized in Table 2. Consequently, the supply current is almost pure sinusoidal. THD observed was fund to be within the prescribed limits of 5% as recommended by IEEE-519 standard.
Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) is a shunt compensating device which is used
to improve current profile by exchanging of reactive power with unbalanced and nonlinear load. DSTATCOM is a
shunt compensating device used for power quality improvement in distribution systems. Relevant solutions are
applied for harmonics, fluctuation of voltage, voltage deviation, unbalance of three phase voltage and current and
frequency deviation. Different controlling schemes such as Phase Control Method (PCM), Fryze Power Theory
(FPT), Synchronous Reference Frame Theory (SRFT) and Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT) are used
for reactive power compensation with the help of Voltage source Inverter (VSI). In this project we are going to
balance the source current using different control schemes. The results of different source currents are compared
with a different control schemes in terms of active and reactive power and in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion
(THD) for nonlinear load using Fryze Power Theory (FPT) and Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT).
Reference currents are generated by the different control schemes have been dynamically traced in a hysteresis
current controller. The performance of DSTATCOM for different control schemes is validated for load balancing
and harmonic elimination by using simulation models in MATLAB/SIMULINK
A study of hysteresis band current control scheme for shunt active power filt...Asoka Technologies
This paper gives an analysis of harmonic currents in power electronics equipment produced by nonlinear loads.. Shunt active power filters (APF) play a key role to reduce harmonics current generated by nonlinear loads. Impact of shunt active power filter (APF) for compensating the harmonics current has been examined and analyzed by using Hysteresis current control technique. In this paper, harmonic control strategy is applied to compensate the current harmonics in the system. A comparative study between PI, HCC, adaptive HCC for the harmonic current mitigation has been used using shunt active filter technique. Simulated results are analyzed using MATLAB
Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using ...AI Publications
Research paper focuses on enhancement of the power quality, Harmonic reduction and Reactive power compensation . Power quality problems became the foremost important concern now a days. Active filters with synchronous detection methodologies are vividly employed in distribution system to be sure that the harmonics generated by non-linear loads is reduced and leads to less voltage distortion and leads to lesser power superiority problems. The three physical characteristics that mostly underline the power quality and a power quality issues are Voltage, Current and Frequency. Harmonics is defined as a disturbance demonstrated in current or voltage or frequency waveforms which result in devastation, or failure of final equipment ..This paper examines the control of Shunt Active Power Filter with Synchronous Detection Method . Simulation results using MATLAB SIMULINK demonstrates the application of these methods to the control of Active Power Filter . Moreover, this work shows that how the power quality improvement in 3 phase is done with Synchronous Detection Method .
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance enhancement of shunt active power filter with fuzzy and hysteresi...Asoka Technologies
This paper proposes fuzzy and hysteresis controllers based three phase Shunt Active Power Filter
for current harmonic compensation to improve the performance of 3ɸ supply system feeding
non- linear loads. The Shunt Active Power Filter is used to eliminate current harmonics. The dc
link control strategy is based on the fuzzy logic controller. Gating pulses for the Shunt Active
Filter is generated using Hysteresis current controller based Pulse width modulation technique.
The proposed model is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results show that the
dynamic behavior is better than the conventional Proportional- Integral (PI) controller and is
found to be more robust for changes in load.
Simulation and Design of SRF based Control Algorithm for Three Phase Shunt Ac...idescitation
Active power filters are effective in mitigating line
current harmonics and compensating for the reactive power
in the line. There are basically two types of Active Power
Filters (APFs): shunt type and series type. Shunt active power
filters (SAPFs) represent the most important and most widely
used filters in industrial purposes, this is due not only to the
fact that eliminate the harmonic current but also they are
suitable for a wide range of power ratings. In this paper,
Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory is employed to
calculate compensating currents while the three phase source
is feeding a highly non-linear load. The main objective is to
study and investigate the performance of Shunt active power
filter using SRF theory. The algorithm is simulated under
M ATLAB
7.8
environment
using
Simulinkand
SimPowerSystems toolbox. The results shown are within the
IEEE Standard 512-1992.
presentation of Conference On Electrical And Electronic Engineering 2015sager alswed
The designed three phase SAPF based on instantaneous p-q theory was simulated in MATLAB /SIMULINK by using different load conditions i.e. R-L load, suddenly connected R-L load, and additional unbalance R load. Its application was successfully proved and the validity achieved by minimizing the harmonics and improving PF as summarized in Table 2. Consequently, the supply current is almost pure sinusoidal. THD observed was fund to be within the prescribed limits of 5% as recommended by IEEE-519 standard.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design of shunt active power filter to mitigate harmonicsager alswed
The designed three phase SAPF based on instantaneous p-q theory was simulated in MATLAB /SIMULINK by using different load conditions i.e. R-L load, suddenly connected R-L load, and additional unbalance R load. Its application was successfully proved and the validity achieved by minimizing the harmonics and improving PF as summarized in Table 2. Consequently, the supply current is almost pure sinusoidal. THD observed was fund to be within the prescribed limits of 5% as recommended by IEEE-519 standard.
Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) is a shunt compensating device which is used
to improve current profile by exchanging of reactive power with unbalanced and nonlinear load. DSTATCOM is a
shunt compensating device used for power quality improvement in distribution systems. Relevant solutions are
applied for harmonics, fluctuation of voltage, voltage deviation, unbalance of three phase voltage and current and
frequency deviation. Different controlling schemes such as Phase Control Method (PCM), Fryze Power Theory
(FPT), Synchronous Reference Frame Theory (SRFT) and Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT) are used
for reactive power compensation with the help of Voltage source Inverter (VSI). In this project we are going to
balance the source current using different control schemes. The results of different source currents are compared
with a different control schemes in terms of active and reactive power and in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion
(THD) for nonlinear load using Fryze Power Theory (FPT) and Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT).
Reference currents are generated by the different control schemes have been dynamically traced in a hysteresis
current controller. The performance of DSTATCOM for different control schemes is validated for load balancing
and harmonic elimination by using simulation models in MATLAB/SIMULINK
Performance Analysis Of PV Interfaced Neural Network Based Hybrid Active Powe...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a comparative analysis of neural network controlled PV interfaced hybrid active power filter designed for harmonic compensation for nonlinear load.The neural network has been chosen for reference current generation because of its fast adaptiveness, simple calculation and high accuracy to eliminate harmonics.This paper shows a novel approach to interface PV array to hybrid active power filter to keep the capacitor voltage stable. To obtain efficient output from PV Array Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is employed in it. MPPT is able to extract maximum possible power from PV Array of change in atmospheric condition. Simulation and analysis of hybrid active power filter and PV Array is done under nonlinear load, sudden change in load and unbalanced load conditions. The detailed simulation results have been presented to validate the proposed methodology.
Performance Analysis Of PV Interfaced Neural Network Based Hybrid Active Powe...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a comparative analysis of neural network controlled PV interfaced hybrid active power filter designed for harmonic compensation for nonlinear load.The neural network has been chosen for reference current generation because of its fast adaptiveness, simple calculation and high accuracy to eliminate harmonics.This paper shows a novel approach to interface PV array to hybrid active power filter to keep the capacitor voltage stable. To obtain efficient output from PV Array Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is employed in it. MPPT is able to extract maximum possible power from PV Array of change in atmospheric condition. Simulation and analysis of hybrid active power filter and PV Array is done under nonlinear load, sudden change in load and unbalanced load conditions. The detailed simulation results have been presented to validate the proposed methodology.
Modeling & Analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter Using IRP Theory Fed to Indu...IJERA Editor
Utility distribution networks have sensitive industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. Because of sensitivity of consumers on power quality and advancement in power electronics. Active power filter technology is the most efficient way to compensate reactive power and cancel out low order harmonics generated by nonlinear loads. The shunt active power filter was considered to be the most basic configuration for the APF. This paper reviews the basic principle of shunt active power filter, along with the current tracking circuit based on the instantaneous reactive power theory and the main circuit performing as an inverter with PWM hysteresis control. The instantaneous active and reactive current component (id-iq) method and instantaneous active and reactive power (p-q) method are two control strategies which are extensively used in active filters. A shunt active filter based on the instantaneous active and reactive current component (id-iq) method is proposed. This method aims to compensate harmonic and first harmonic unbalance. A Comprehensive control method is analyzed and a harmonic Compensation simulation is conducted, the result of which verifies The harmonic detection algorithm is well-proposed and the power Quality of the grid is overall-enhanced. The results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Power electronics play a significant role in different areas of technology, more usage of power electronic devices lead to more harmonic content and various power quality issues in the system. Therefore, power quality gains more significance in the current era of research. Power electronics equipment’s with non-linear loads concludes with more harmonic disturbances and lower power factor. Harmonic impurities are the major problem ingredient due to the connection of non-linear load. To lessen the harmonics usually passive filters are used. The major objective of this work is to monitor and analyse the power quality of uninterrupted power supply by means of DAQ system that gathers real time data on the system and then the data is analysed using National Instruments LabVIEW. Once power quality analysis is done, a new technique of filter implementation using output transformer of the UPS was explored and passive filter was simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and then simulated filter was implemented in order to achieve power quality improvement.
In this paper a new combination Radial Basis Function Neural Network and p-q Power Theory (RBFNN-PQ) proposed to control shunt active power filters (SAPF). The recommended system has better specifications in comparison with other control methods. In the proposed combination an RBF neural network is employed to extract compensation reference current when supply voltages are distorted and/or unbalance sinusoidal. In order to make the employed model much simpler and tighter an adaptive algorithm for RBF network is proposed. The proposed RBFNN filtering algorithm is based on efficient training methods called hybrid learning method.The method requires a small size network, very robust, and the proposed algorithms are very effective. Extensive simulations are carried out with PI as well as RBFNN controller for p-q control strategies by considering different voltage conditions and adequate results were presented.
Power system harmonics are a menace to electric power system with disastrous consequence. Due to the presence of non linear load, power quality of the system gets affected. To overcome this, shunt active power filter have been used near harmonic producing loads or at the point of common coupling to block current harmonics. The shunt active power filter is designed to minimize harmonics in source current and reactive power in the non linear power supplies which are creating harmonics. In this paper, Instantaneous power of p-q theory is employed to generate the reference currents and PI controller is used to control the dc link voltage. In addition to this, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique is used to minimize the harmonics produced by nonlinear load. The main objective of this paper is to analyze and compare THD of the source current with PI controller and by artificial neural network based back propagation algorithm. The proposed system is designed with MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
In This paper we present experimental comparative study of feedBack Linearized and Proportional Integral (PI) Controller of the DC bus voltage of three phase shunt Active Power Filter (APF). The FeedBack Linearized and PI controllers are introduced to improve tracking performance characteristics, power quality and minimized consumption of the reactive power. The algorithm used to identify the reference currents is based on the Self Tuning Filter (STF). The firing pulses of the IGBTs inverter are generated using a hysteresis current controller; which is implemented on an analogue card. Finally, the above study, under steady state and transient conditions, is illustrated with signal-flow graphs and corresponding analysis. This study was verified by experimental tests on hardware prototype based on dSPACE-1104. The experimental results show the feasibility and the effectiveness of the designed active filter, associated with Feedback Linearized and PI controllers and are capability in meeting the IEEE 519-1992 recommended harmonic standard limits.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
We would send hard copy of Journal by speed post to the address of correspondence author after online publication of paper.
We will dispatched hard copy to the author within 7 days of date of publication
Harmonic Suppression of Shunt Hybrid Filter using LQR-PSO based IJECEIAES
In linear quadratic regulator (LQR), two different weighting matrices play an important role in presenting the performance of this controller. Instead of using classic common approach, which is trial and error method, this study proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to track the best solution of the weighting matrices. The proposed algorithm is tested on shunt hybrid active power filter (APF) to mitigate the harmonic contents in voltage and current signals in a nonlinear load system. The modeling work of this proposed system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. From the simulation, the obtained results proved that using PSO in tuning the LQR controller produce smoother nonlinear voltage and current signals. In fact, the amount of current to be injected into network can be reduced up to 95%. Besides, less time is consumed during searching the optimum weighting matrices using the proposed approach.
REDUCTION IN THE TRANSIENT TIME OF SHUNT ACTIVE FILTERS USING INTELLIGENT CON...ijscmc
This paper deals with the implementation of new proposed strategy for the reduction in the transient time of
shunt active filter using intelligent controllers. Intelligent control is a class of control techniques that use
various AI computing approaches like fuzzy logic, neural network, evolutionary computation, genetic
algorithm etc. The proposed strategy works on the principle of energy of the capacitor to maintain the DClink
voltage of shunt connected active filter and thus reduces the transient time whenever there is sudden
change in the load. A comparison using the PI controller, Fuzzy logic controller and Artificial neural
controller has been made using MATLAB Simulink Power System Toolbox.
Unified Power Quality Conditioner Model Based with Series and Shunt FiltersIAES-IJPEDS
With the increase of the complexion in the power distribution system, it is very possible that several kinds of power quality disturbances are happened in a power distribution system simultaneously.This paper proposes a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) including a series and a shunt active power filter (APF) to compensate harmonics in both the distorted supply voltage and nonlinear load current. In the series APF control scheme, a proportional-integral (PI) controller, meanwhile a PI controller and are designed in the shunt APF control scheme to relieve harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads. The DC voltage is maintained constant using Two degree of freedom proportional integral voltage controller (2DoFPI). The performance of the proposed UPQC is significantly improved compared to the conventional control strategy. The feasibility of the proposed UPQC control scheme is validated through the simulations.
Advanced Techniques in Harmonic Suppression via Active Power Filter: A ReviewIJPEDS-IAES
This paper intends to present the recent development of artificial intelligence
(AI) applications in active power filter (APF). As a result of the development
in power electronic technology, (APF) continues to attract ample attention.
Compared with the traditional reactive LC filter, active power filter is
considered to be more effective in compensating harmonic current generated
by nonlinear loads. APF, can correct the power quality and improve the
reliability and stability on power utility. A brief explanation of some
important areas in AI and a comprehensive survey of the literature along the
main categories of AI is presented to introduce the readers into the wideranging
topics that AI encompasses. Plenty of relevant literatures have been
selected in the review, mostly emphasized on better accuracy, robustness,
efficiency, stability and tracking ability of the system.
42 30 nA Comparative Study of Power Semiconductor Devices for Industrial PWM ...IAES-IJPEDS
The growing demand of energy translates into efficiency requirements of
energy conversion systems and electric drives. Both these systems are based
on Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Inverter. In this paper we firstly present
the state of art of the main types of semiconductors devices for Industrial
PWM Inverter. In particular we examine the last generations of Silicon
Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)
and we present a comparison between these devices, obtained by SPICE
simulations, both for static characteristics at different temperatures and for
dynamic ones at different gate resistance, in order to identify the one which
makes the PWM inverter more efficient.
Modeling and State Feedback Controller Design of Tubular Linear Permanent Mag...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper a state feedback controller for tubular linear permanent magnet
synchronous motor (TLPMSM) containing two gas springs, is presented.
The proposed TLPMSM controller is used to control reciprocating motions
of TLPMSM. The analytical plant model of TLPMSM is a multi-input
multi-output (MIMO) system which is decoupled to some sub single-input
single-output (SISO) systems, then, the sub SISO systems are converted to
sub-state space models. Indeed, the TLPMSM state space model is decoupled
to some sub-state spaces, and then, the gains of state feedback are calculated
by linear quadratic regulation (LQR) method for each sub-state space
separately. The controller decreases the distortions of the waveforms.
The simulation results indicate the validity of the controller.
Analysis of Harmonics and Ripple Current in Multi-Module Converters with Incr...IAES-IJPEDS
Controlled rectifiers are considered as the most important hardware part in
the field of HVDC systems in transmission lines and can be used for a
number of power electronics based system operation, control and utility
applications. In this paper, a brief design of a 12-pulse, 24-pulse, 36-pulse
and a 48-pulse converter connected to the grid is presented along with the
harmonic and ripple current analysis with its comparison statistics and thus
providing a justification for the suitable ones. The performance of the
12, 24, 36 and 48-pulse converters are compared for their effectiveness in
both quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Further, comparison of the
48-pulse converter on its THD and current ripple which is connected towards
the grid with simple pulse width modulation technique is also proposed. It
combines all features of the low switching concepts and DC current reinjection
techniques. Some basic topological explanation of the controlled
rectifiers and simulation results using MATLAB are also presented in this
paper in order to justify the harmonic analysis. The simulation results along
with the quantitative results shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme
for the cancelation or the elimination of the harmonics result in maximum
harmonic mitigation, for high power utility applications, the 48-pulse
converter is most fitting to improve the conversion efficiency, low di/dt
and dv/dt and active and reactive power controllability.
Comparative Study of Various Adjustable Speed Drives during Voltage SagIAES-IJPEDS
This Paper compares the sensitivity of various adjustable speed drives to
voltage sag for the process control applications. Three phase voltage sag of
type B caused due to SLG fault is considered and four topologies of ASD’s
are compared in this paper. The comparison is done especially in speed,
voltage, current and torque of the ASDs. Diode rectifier without z source
inverter, diode rectifier with z source inverter, single phase two leg Vienna
rectifier and single phase neutral linked Vienna with z source inverter are
compared and the best one is highlighted. The circuits of various ASD’s are
simulated using Matlab /Simulink.
Modified Distribution Transformer for Enhancing Power Quality in Distribution...IAES-IJPEDS
The percentage of non-linear loads in the power distribution sector is increasing
day by day. Harmonics injected by these non-linear loads circulate in the delta
windings of the conventional distribution transformer thereby increasing the
temperature and losses. This reduces the efficiency and life of the transformers.
In a modified distribution transformer configuration proposed recently, called
star-star-delta_utilized configuration (YYD_utilized), the harmonics circulating
in the delta winding was utilized and the drainage power thus recovered was
used to power auxiliary loads. This paper presents the experimental studies
conducted on YYD_utilized distribution transformer. When compared to
conventional star-star, delta-star and star-star-delta transformers, the new
configuration of YYD_utilized transformer has shown considerable
improvement in transformer efficiency. The results obtained show that when
the power from the circulating harmonics is recovered and utilized, it not only
improves transformer efficiency but also improves the power factor
and reduces the harmonic distortions at the primary side of the transformer.
The results obtained also suggest the existence of maximum power point or an
optimum loading for the recovered harmonic power.
Modelling of Virtual Synchronous Converter for Grid-Inverter Synchronization ...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, virtual synchronous converter (VSCon) is been developed
which mimic the behavior of synchronous generator as in order to have fast
synchronization between the inverter with the grid. This synchronization is
important before can sent the power among inverter-grid connection. This
technique can also been applied at the distributed generated sources when are
connected to the local microgrids. Here, the frequency and voltage
synchronization also can be controlled at the same time some improvement
on synchronous generator mathematical model that is suitable to be
implemented into the inverter control. The whole unit of VSCon is operated
and simulated in Matlab/Simulink in order to observe all consequences
during synchronizing the voltage, frequency and phase-angle. It has been
verified by the simulation circuit where, the power converter can be
synchronized with the microrids without using a PLL unit for self
synchronization. This VSCon technique has proven that, by applying the
concept of the synchronous generator model in inverter control, it can cause
the inverter to behave as generator system, which does not required any
phase information from the grid in order to be synchronized.
Enhanced Crowbar Protection for Fault Ride through Capability of Wind Generat...IAES-IJPEDS
Due to increasing demand in power, the integration of renewable sources like
wind generation into power system is gaining much importance nowadays.
The heavy penetration of wind power into the power system leads to many
integration issues mainly due to the intermittent nature of the wind and the
desirability for variable speed operation of the generators. As the wind power
generation depends on the wind speed, its integration into the grid has
noticeable influence on the system stability and becomes an important issue
especially when a fault occurs on the grid. The protective disconnection of a
large amount of wind power during a fault will be an unacceptable
consequence and threatens the power system stability. With the increasing
use of wind turbines employing Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
technology, it becomes a necessity to investigate their behavior during grid
faults and support them with fault ride through capability. This paper
presents the modeling and simulation of a doubly fed induction generator
according to grid code compatibility driven by a wind turbine connected to
the grid. This paper analyses the voltage sag due to a three-phase fault in the
wind connected grid. A control strategy including a crowbar circuit has been
developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK to bypass the rotor over currents during
grid fault to enhance the fault ride through capability and to maintain system
stability. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control
strategies in DFIG based grid connected wind turbine system.
An Improved of Multiple Harmonic Sources Identification in Distribution Syste...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper introduces an improved of multiple harmonic sources
identification that been produced by inverter loads in power system using
time-frequency distribution (TFD) analysis which is spectrogram.
The spectrogram is a very applicable method to represent signals in
time-frequency representation (TFR) and the main advantages
of spectrogram are the accuracy, speed of the algorithm and use low memory
size such that it can be computed rapidly. The identification of multiple
harmonic sources is based on the significant relationship of spectral
impedances which are the fundamental impedance (Z1) and harmonic
impedance (Zh) that extracted from TFR. To verify the accuracy of the
proposed method, MATLAB simulations carried out several unique cases
with different harmonic producing loads on IEEE 4-bus test feeder cases. It is
proven that the proposed method is superior with 100% correct identification
of multiple harmonic sources. It is envisioned that the method is very
accurate, fast and cost efficient to localize harmonic sources in distribution
system.
Performance and Energy Saving Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic in West...IAES-IJPEDS
The paper presents performance and energy saving analysis of 1.25 kWp grid
connected photovoltaic system under difference weather condition in West
Sumatera. The measured data were performed during weather data that often
occur in West Sumatra i.e. sunny, overcast, raining and cloudy.
The synchronizing process successfully done even bad weather conditions
when sunlight was low automatically. Photovoltaic in average start
producing power from 7:00 AM to 6:00 PM for normal or clear sky, however
under overcast, raining and cloudy weather, the PV power decreased and
disconnected earlier before sunset. During intermittent raining, overcast and
cloud covered the PV power output show an irregular profile. The PV energy
saving performed for three residential connection cases: 1300 VA, 900 VA
with subsidized and 900 VA without subsidized. The solar PV installation
have more benefits and energy saving for 1300 VA, 900 VA without
subsidized with payback period around 8.5 years. However, the 900 VA with
subsidized take longer 20.8 years, but still in PV lifespan 25 years. In the
future, household subsidies may be reduced or eliminated, the solar energy
will be viable alternative of energy resources when it can produce electricity
at a cost equivalent to utility grid PLN rate.
An Improved Constant Voltage Based MPPT Technique for PMDC MotorIAES-IJPEDS
Stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) systems are being used in remote areas
and are being seen as one of the promising solution in this regard. The SAPV
system as presented in the paper consists of solar PV panel, a DC-DC
converter, a controller and a PMDC motor. The current-voltage and powervoltage
characteristics being nonlinear, the SAPV system require maximum
power point techniques (MPPT) control techniques to extract maximum
power available from the PV cell. A voltage based MPPT technique which is
capable of tracking MPP has been selected because of numerous advantages
it offers such as: simple and low cost of implementation. The limitation of
constant voltage method is that its efficiency is low as the PV panel has to be
disconnected from the load for measurement of the open circuit voltage
(Voc). In the presented paper, the authors have removed this limitation by
using a pilot PV panel for measurement of Voc. A proportional-integrator (PI)
based controller is used in implementation of constant voltage MPP
technique and the modeling is done in MATLAB®/SIMULINK simulation
environment. The simulation results are presented and discussed in the paper,
the results shows that the efficiency of the system has increased.
A Discrete PLL Based Load Frequency Control of FLC-Based PV-Wind Hybrid Power...IAES-IJPEDS
The sun and wind-based generation are considered to besource of green
power generation which can mitigate the power demand issues. As solar and
wind power advancements are entrenched and the infiltration of these
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into to network is expanding dynamically.
So, as to outline a legitimate control and to harness power from RES the
learning of natural conditions for a specific area is fundamental. Fuzzy Logic
Controller (FLC) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controlled
boost converter are utilized for viable operation and to keep DC voltage
steady at desired level. The control scheme of the inverter is intended to keep
the load voltage and frequency of the AC supply at aconstant level regardless
of progress in natural conditions and burden. A Simulink model of the
proposed Hybrid system with the MPPT controlled Boost converters
and Voltage regulated Inverter for stand-alone application is developed in
MATLAB R2015a, Version 8.5.0. The ongoing information of Wind Speed
and Solar Irradiation levels are recorded at BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
the performance of the voltage regulated inverter under constant and varying
linearAC load is analyzed. The investigation shows that the magnitude of
load voltage and frequency of the load voltage is maintained at desired level
by the proposed inverter control logic.
An Adaptive Virtual Impedance Based Droop Control Scheme for Parallel Inverte...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents an adaptive virtual impedance based droop control
scheme for parallel inverter operation in low voltage microgrid. Because it is
essential to achieve power sharing between inverters in microgrid, various
droop control schemes have been proposed. In practice, the line impedance
between inverters and the point of common coupling (PCC) in microgrid are
not always equal. This imbalance in line impedance often results in a reactive
power mismatch among inverters. This problem has been solved by
introducing a virtual impedance loop in the conventional droop control
scheme. However, the reactive power sharing performance of this method is
still deteriorated when the line impedances change during operation. To
overcome such a problem, a new control scheme that is based on a virtual
impedance loop and an impedance estimation scheme is proposed.
To monitor the changes in line impedances, the impedance estimator is
implemented by using the output voltages and currents of inverters as well as
the voltages at the PCC. To compensate for the reactive power mismatch due
to the line impedance changes, the estimated line impedance is fed to the
virtual impedance loop in which it adjusts the virtual impedance value.
Comparative simulation results with the conventional ones verify the
effectiveness of the proposed adaptive virtual impedance based droop control
scheme.
Open-Switch Fault-Tolerant Control of Power Converters in a Grid-Connected Ph...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the study of an open switch fault tolerant control of a
grid-connected photovoltaic system. The studied system is based on the
classical DC-DC boost converter and a bidirectional 6-pulse DC-AC
converter. The objective is to provide an open-switch fault detection method
and fault-tolerant control for both of boost converter and grid-side converter
(GSC) in a grid-connected photovoltaic system. A fast fault detection method
and a reliable fault-tolerant topology are required to ensure continuity of
service, and achieve a faster corrective maintenance. In this work, the mean
value of the error voltages is used as fault indicator for the GSC, while, for
the boost converter the inductor current form is used as fault indicator. The
fault-tolerant topology was achieved by adding one redundant switch to the
boost converter, and by adding one redundant leg to the GSC. The results of
the fault tolerant control are presented and discussed to validate the proposed
approach under different scenarios and different solar irradiances.
Photovoltaic System with SEPIC Converter Controlled by the Fuzzy LogicIAES-IJPEDS
In this work, a fuzzy logic controller is used to control the output voltage of a
photovoltaic system with a DC-DC converter; type Single Ended Primary
Inductor Converter (SEPIC). The system is designed for 210 W solar
photovoltaic (SCHOTT 210) panel and to feed an average demand of 78 W.
This system includes solar panels, SEPIC converter and fuzzy logic
controller. The SEPIC converter provides a constant DC bus voltage and its
duty cycle controlled by the fuzzy logic controller which is needed to
improve PV panel’s utilization efficiency. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is
also used to generate the PWM signal for the SEPIC converter.
An Approach to Voltage Quality Enhancement by Introduction of CWVM for Distri...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presented with problems related with voltage flicker in power
system networks. Several international standard issued to control the voltage
flicker are briefly described and some important methods to analyse
electrical circuits with sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal waveforms are
introduced and evaluated. One of these methods-Cockcroft Walton Voltage
Multiplier (CWVM) has been used to increase the voltage of a filter, which is
also described in this paper as a practical application. The filter can
compensate for harmonic currents, power factor, and unbalance voltage.The
simulation results using Multisimare presented, showing that good dynamic
and steady-state response can be achieved with this approach.
Electric Power Converter with a Wide Input Voltage RangeIAES-IJPEDS
The electric power converter for downhole telemetry systems of oil-well
pumps include a downhole block connected to the pump that contains
electronic circuits required for the operation of the motor pump sensors
and transmission of data about their condition to the surface are described.
A few methods of electric power conversion for this purpose are considered.
The circuit contained two steps of voltage converting are proposed.
The electrical scheme of this method is considered in the article. Proposed
decisions are simulated and verified experimentally. The input high supply
voltage range (200-4200 V) without loss of efficiency (even temporary) was
obtained. The results of simulation and experimental studies have shown
very close results.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Charging Optimization for Hybrid Elect...IAES-IJPEDS
Electric vehicle (EV) has gained incredible interest from the past two decade
as one of the hopeful greenhouse gasses solution. The number of Electric
Vehicle (EV) is increasing around the world; hence that making EVs user
friendly becomes more important. The main challenge in usage of EV is the
charging time required for the batteries used in EV. As a consequence, this
subject matter has been researched in many credentials where a wide range
of solutions have been proposed. However those solutions are in nature due
to the complex hardware structure. To provide an unswerving journey
an Android application based charging optimization is proposed.
This application is aimed at giving relevant information about the EV’s
battery state of charge (SOC), accurate location of the EV, booking of the
charging slots using token system and route planner. At emergency
situations, an alternative service is provided by mobile charging stations.
Route planner indicates the temperature by which prediction of reaching the
destination can be done. In addition to that nearest places such as parks,
motels are indicated. The estimated time and distance between the electric
vehicle and the charging station is calculated by the charging station server
according to which the parking lot is allocated. Vehicle to charging station
communication is established for the time estimation of charging. This will
help the EV users to know about charge status and charging station, which
support fast charging method and availability of the station on the go
and also when to charge their EV. The Arduino UNO board has been used
for the hardware part. The hardware results are confirming the conceptual of
the proposed work.
Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Induction Motor Drive for Agriculture Pu...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents water pumping system using renewable source (solar)
without the use of chemical storage batteries. In this converter-inverter
circuit is used to drive Induction motor. The Converter used here is Two
Inductor boost converter (TIBC), which consists of a resonant tank, voltage
doubler rectifier and a snubber circuit. TIBC is designed to drive the three
phase induction motor from PV energy. TIBC converter is also known as
current fed multi resonant converter having high voltage gain and low input
current ripple. Converter switches are controlled through hysteresis controller
and ZCS resonant topologies. Solar PV power fluctuates according to
irradiation level of sunlight and hence tracking of maximum power at all
time is mandatory. SPWM control with third harmonic injection is used to
trigger the IGBT’s in the inverter. The development is oriented to achieve a
more efficient, reliable, maintenance free and cheaper solution than the
standard ones, that uses DC motors or low voltage synchronous motors.
The proposed method is verified with MATLAB/SIMULINK and the system
simulation confirms the performance of the proposed system.
Comparison of Sine and Space Vector Modulated Embedded Z-Source Inverter fed ...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper deals with performance of photovoltaic powered Embedded
Z-Source Inverter (EZSI) fed Induction motor drive. The DC output from the
PV-Panel is boosted and converted into AC using Embedded Z-Source
Inverter. EZSI system based on the concept of Z-Source Inverter (ZSI),
which provides single stage power conversion. The EZSI also produce same
voltage gain as that of the ZSI based system. In EZSI the DC source is
embedded within the X-shaped LC impedance network, due to this EZSI has
the added advantage of inherent source filtering capability, this can be
achieved without any extra passive filter. EZSI can produce the AC output
voltage which is greater than the DC link voltage. EZSI system also provides
ride-through capability under voltage sags. In this paper the performance of
space vector modulated EZSI fed Induction Motor Drive is compared with
sinusoidal PWM controlled EZSI fed Drive system. The PV powered EZSI
fed three phase Induction Motor System is designed, modeled and simulated
using MAT LAB-SIMULINK and the corresponding results are presented.
This drive system has advantages like voltage boosting ability and reduced
harmonic content.
Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter with Simpler Basic Unit Cells for Photovolta...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a single-phase multilevel inverter (MLI) with simpler
basic unit cells. The proposed MLI is able to operate in two modes, i.e.
charge mode to charge the batteries, and inverter mode to supply AC power
to load, and therefore, it is inherently suitable for photovoltaic (PV) power
generation applications. The proposed MLI requires lower number of power
MOSFETs and gate driver units, which will translate into higher cost saving
and better system reliability. The power MOSFETs in the basic unit cells
and H-bridge module are switched at near fundamental frequency, i.e. 100
Hz and 50 Hz, respectively, resulting in lower switching losses. For low total
harmonic distortion (THD) operation, a deep scanning method is employed
to calculate the switching angles of the MLI. The lowest THD obtained is
8.91% at modulation index of 0.82. The performance of the proposed MLI
(9-level) has been simulated and evaluated experimentally. The simulation
and experimental results are in good agreement and this confirms that the
proposed MLI is able to produce an AC output voltage with low THD.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
Power Quality Improvement in Distribution System using ANN Based Shunt Active… (Jarupula Somlal)
569
the voltage source inverter. Recently, different AI techniques controllers are used for shunt active power
filters.
The major research works are related with control circuit design .The target is to obtain reliability
control algorithms of the reference current and a quick response procedure to get the control signal and
simultaneously quick controlling dc-side capacitor voltage of the voltage source inverter. The Artificial
Neural Networks (ANNs) have been systematically applied to electrical engineering [2-3]. This method is
considered as a new tool to design SAPF control circuits. The ANN presents two principal characteristics
.It’s not necessary to establish specific input-output relationships but they are formulated through a learning
process. Moreover, the parallel computing architecture increases the system speed and reliability [4].
In this paper, a new SAPF control method based on ANNs will be presented. Load voltages and
currents are sensed, the control blocks calculates the power circuit control signals from the reference
compensation currents , and the power circuit injects the compensation current to power system. The article
is primilary focused on a system which uses the ANN system and the results for the same are discussed. In
this paper, a shunt APF with a hysteresis band control is utilized to compensate the non-linear loads.
2. CONFIGURATION OF SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER(SAPF) AND ESTIMATION OF
COMPENSATING CURRENT
Figure 1 shows a shunt active power filter, it consists of the 3-phase source, universal bridge, load
along with active filters. A SAPF is to produce the compensation current. The non-linear load is the sum of
source current and the harmonic current.The objective is to get the balanced supply current with out
harmonic and reactive components.The suitable current is injected by the SAPF corresponding to the load
current. The SAPF is designed with ANN controller. The proposed controller, accounts for THD and DC
voltage control, the controller have rapid dynamic response in case of load current deviation. The proper
operation of the controller results in the generation of gate signals for 3-phase inverter which in turn is
responsible for generating compensating currents. These compensating currents on injection through the 3-
phase inverter results in harmonic compensation of source currents and improvement of power quality on the
connected power system [9].
Figure 1. Configuration of Shunt Active Power Filter
A general formulation for the load current corresponding to Figure 1 is:
)()()()( 11 titititi hL
(1)
and are the in-phase and quadrature components of the phase current at the fundamental
frequency respectively. All other harmonics are included in . The per-phase source voltage and the
corresponding in-phase component of the load current may be conveyed as:
tVtv ms cos)( (2)
tIti cos)( 11 (3)
Assuming that harmonics can be eliminated by the APF, the compensating current becomes:
3. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 5, No. 4, April 2015 : 568 – 575
570
tItitititi LLL cos)()()()( 11 (4)
Where 1i is the peak magnitude of the in-phase current that the mains should supply and therefore needs to
be assessed Once 1i assessment is over, the reference current for the active power filter may easily be fixed
as per (4). Li may be measured using current sensors.
3. PROPOSED CONTROL STRATEGIES
3.1. Reference Current Calculation:
For reference current calculation, instantaneous abc_to_dq0 transformation has been applied. The
abc_to_dq0 transformation block calculates the d-axis, q-axis, and zero sequence quantities in a two-axis
rotating reference frame for a 3- Φ sinusoidal signal. Equation (5), (6) and (7) are used for reference current
calculation,
))
3
2
sin()
3
2
sin()sin((
3
2
tItItII Cbad (5)
))
3
2
cos()
3
2
cos()cos((
3
2
tItItII Cbaq (6)
)(
3
1
cbao IIII (7)
Where ω = rotation speed (rad/s) of the rotating frame
3.2. Design of ANN Controller
An Artificial neural network (ANN), is a model (mathematical) inspired by biological neural
networks. An ANN consists of an interlinked collection of artificial neurons, and it develops information
using a connectionist method to calculation. It resembles the brain in two facets: 1) The data is accumulated
by the network through the learning process and, 2) Interneuron connection strengths are employed to store
the data. These networks are categorized by their topology, the manner in which they communicate with their
surroundings, the manner in which they are guided, and their capability to process information. ANNs are
applied to solve artificial intelligence problems without necessarily creating a model of a real dynamic
system.
The rapid spotting of the disturbance signal with high accuracy, fast processing of the reference
signal, and high dynamic response of the controller are the prime prerequisites for desired compensation in
case of APF. The conventional controller fails to achieve satisfactorily under parameter variations
nonlinearity load disturbance, and so forth
For improving the performance of the suggested Shunt Active Power filter, single layer feed
forward network (trained by the back propagation algorithm) is seen. This network consists of two layers and
their corresponding neuron interconnections. ‘2’ neurons in input layer to receive the inputs. Hidden layer
comprises of 21 neurons to which each of the processed input is fed. The output layer comprises of ‘1’
neuron whose output is to be calculated as Ploss. Activation functions are assigned for each of the layers in
order to train them. Input layer is given the Tan-Sigmoidal function as activation function and the output
layer is being given the Pos-Linear activation function as activation function.
Figure 2 shows the internal blocks of proposed neural network [10]. The large data of the DC-link
voltage for ‘n’ and ‘n-1’ intervals from the conventional method are gathered and are stored in the MATLAB
workspace. This data is used for training the ANN. The data stored in workspace is being retrieved using the
training algorithm used. The neurons in the input and output layers is almost a fixed quantity to obtain the
provided input. The accuracy of the ANN operation is mostly depends on the number of hidden neurons.
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Figure 2. Internal blocks of proposed neural network
21
1
.
n
nn biwy (8)
3.2.1. Algorithm for ANN
Step 1: Normalize the inputs and outputs with respect to their maximum values. It is shown that the
neural networks work better if the inputs and outputs lie between 0-1. There are two inputs
given by {P} 2X20 and one output {O} 1X20 in a normalized form.
Step 2: Enter the number of inputs for a fed network.
Step 3: Enter the number of layers.
Step 4: Create a new feed forward network with ‘tansig and poslin’ transfer functions.
Step 5: Train the network with a learning rate 0.02.
Step 6: Enter the number of epochs.
Step 7: Enter the goal.
Step 8: Train the network for given input and targeted output.
Step 9: Generate simulation of the given network with a command ‘gensim’
The Neural Network is created with the set number of neurons in the each layer using the above
algorithm. At each training session, 500 iterations are done and 6 such a validation checks are taken out in
order to minimize the scope of error occurrence. The main aim of this is to bring the performance to zero.
The Learning rate is the major consideration in the training of the Artificial Neural Network (change of
interconnection weights). It should not be too low that the training gets too delayed. It should not be
excessively because the oscillations occur about the target values and the time needed to converge is too high
and the training gets delayed. For the considered controller, Neural Network is trained at a learning rate of
0.02. The compensator output depends on the input and its evolution.
Figure 3. Control scheme for ANN controller
Figure 3 shows proposed control scheme for ANN, in which the load currents, PCC voltages and
DC bus voltage of shunt active filter are sensed. The constant DC voltage is maintained by the DC voltage
loop. The input of ANN controller is the difference between VDC and a reference value. The output of ANN is
responsible for harmonic mitigation. A phase-locked loop (PLL) synchronizes on the positive-sequence
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component of the current I. The output of the PLL (angle t ) is used to compute the direct-axis and
quadrature-axis components of the three-phase currents [11]. The output signals of ANN controller and direct
axis component of current from d-q-o transformation are compared which produces direct axis component of
reference signal. The signals from d-q-o frame are again converted to a-b-c frame are compared with a filter
current (Ishabc), which results in generation of reference compensation current, which is given as input to the
hysteresis controller.
Figure 4 shows operating principle of hysteresis band controller is to produce triggering signals
required for switching ON/OFF of IGBT’s of shunt active filter. The objective of this controller is to control
the compensation currents by forcing it to follow the reference ones. The switching strategies of the three-
phase inverter will keep the currents into the hysteresis band. The real load currents are sensed and their non
active components are compared with the reference compensation currents. The hysteresis comparator
outputs signals are used to turn on the inverter power switches.
.
Figure 4. Operating principle of hysteresis band controller
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. For Uncompensated System
THREE
PHASE
SOURCE
A
B
C
NON LINEAR LOAD
Figure 5. Uncompensated system
Figure 5 shows the simulation circuit for 3-phase 3-wire distribution system with a 3-phase voltage
source connected to non linear load. Table 1 shows the various parameters of the considered system. Figure 6
shows Wave forms of source current and load current of uncompensated system. It can be observed from
Figure 6 that instead of the actual sinusoidal waveform, a huge distortion in the source current can be
observed. A delay can be observed in the output wave form, it is caused due to an inductor because an
inductor opposes the sudden change in the current, though the supply wave form changes instantaneously it
takes time for the inductor causing the delay in the wave form. Figure 7 shows the FFT analysis of source
current. From the FFT analysis of the output waveform without filter shown in Figure 7, the %THD is about
29.71.
Table 1. System parameters
System parameters Values Used
Source Impedance L=0.01e-3 mH
Load R=10Ω,L=30e-3 mH
Active filter R=0.1 Ω,L=3e-3 mH
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Figure 6. Wave forms of load current and source current of uncompensated system
Figure 7. FFT analysis of source current
4.2. For Shunt Active Filter with ANN Controller
Figure 8 shows simulation circuit of Shunt Active Filter. Figure 9 shows the Simulation results of
Shunt Active Filter with ANN Controller. From Figure 9, it can be observed that after Shunt Active Filter
with ANN Controller runs, it reduces the much delay and waveform appears sinusoidally with fewer
distortions when compared to uncompensated system and it also observed that the harmonics of the source
current are eliminated by injecting the capacitor current which happens because of maintaining the capacitor
voltage near to constant. Capacitor voltage takes 0.08sec to reach the steady state. Figure 10 shows FFT
analysis of source current with ANN controller. From Figure 10, it can be seen that the current total harmonic
distortion reduces to 2.27% from 29.71%.
Figure 8. Simulation circuit of Shunt hybrid Active Filter
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
current(A)
source current
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Load current
Time in secs
current(A)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Frequency (Hz)
Fundamental (60Hz) = 16.32 , THD= 29.71%
Mag(%ofFundamental)
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Figure 9. Simulation results of Shunt Active Filter with ANN Controller
Figure 10. FFT analysis of source current with ANN controller
Table 2. Comparison of simulated results
SIMULATED RESULTS APF
Uncompensated System ANN
Settling Time (VDC) in Sec. -- 0.08sec
%THD 29.71 2.27
5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a detailed analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter with ANN controller has been
proposed to mitigate harmonics of the three phase distribution system.
The obtained results show the simplicity and the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent controller
under nonlinear load conditions. From the results, it can be observed that the current total harmonic distortion
reduces better with ANN controlled active filter. The simulation and experimental results also show that the
new control method is not only easy to be calculated and implemented, but also very effective in reducing
harmonics
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Following authors are highly supported and encouraged by the following institution by providing
sufficient time and resources.
REFERENCES
[1] H Doğan, R Akkaya. A Simple Control Scheme for Single-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter with Fuzzy Logic Based
DC Bus Voltage Controller. Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer
Scientists. IMECS. Hong Kong. 2009; II
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-40
-20
0
20
40
CURRENT(A)
SOURCE CURRENT
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-40
-20
0
20
40
LOAD CURRENT
CURRENT(A)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
-40
-20
0
20
40
FILTER CURRENT
CURRENT(A)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
0
200
400
CAPICATOR VOLTAGE
TIME IN SECS
VOLTAGE(V)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Frequency (Hz)
Fundamental (60Hz) = 39.99 , THD= 2.27%
Mag(%ofFundamental)
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[2] Boren Ren lin, Richard G Hoft. Power electronics inverter with neural networks. IEEE Technology update series.
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Published in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Jarupula Somlal, at present is working as an Associate Professor in the department of EEE, K L
University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. He received B.Tech, degree in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering from J.N.T.University, Hyderabad, A.P, India, M.Tech.,(Electrical
Power Engineering) from J.N.T.University, Hyderabad, A.P, India and currently working
towards the Doctoral degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering at Acharya Nagarjuna
University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. He published 7 papers in national and international
journals and presented various papers in national and International conferences. His current
research interests include active filtering for power conditioning, Fuzzy Logic and ANN
applications to power quality.
Venu Gopala Rao Mannam, FIE, Member IEEE, at present is Professor & Head, department of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. He
received B.E. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Gulbarga University in
1996, M.E (Electrical Power Engineering) from M S University, Baroda, India in 1999, M.Tech
(Computer Science) from JNT University, India in 2004 and Doctoral Degree in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering from J.N.T.University, Hyderabad, India in 2009. He published more
than 30 papers in various National, International Conferences and Journals. His research interests
accumulate in the area of Power Quality, Distribution System, High Voltage Engineering and
Electrical Machines.
Narsimha Rao.Vutlapalli, at present is pursuing M.Tech. in the department of EEE,
K.L.University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. He received B.Tech, degree in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering from J.N.T.University, Hyderabad, A.P, India.