This document provides an overview of the Electrical Power Quality course taught by Amandeep Thakur. The course objectives are to teach students about maintaining power quality and reducing degradation to permissible limits. It covers topics like continuity of supply, voltage quality, harmonics, transients, sources of poor power quality like non-linear loads, and effects of power quality issues like blackouts and brownouts. Key terminology related to power quality is defined. Standards from IEEE, IEC, and NEC that are relevant to power quality are also mentioned.

1. ELECTRICAL POWER QUALITY
Course teacher AmandeepThakur
Course B.Tech
Semester 7th
Branch Electrical
Engineering
Course code EE-702

2. COURSE OBJECTIVE
 This course solely belongs to maintain power
quality degradation causes and their reduction to a
certain permissible limit such that it will benefit the
manufacturer and customer of power usage.
 Hence students learn about basic fundamental
techniques of maintaining such quality of power
and create awareness in the society.

3. POWER QUALITY DEALS WITH-
 Continuity of the supply
 Quality of the voltage

4. INTRODUCTION TO PQ
 It is interaction of electrical power with electrical
equipment.
 Steady supply voltage that stays within range.
 Grid s ability to supply clean and stable power
supply.
 To supply clean and stable power.

5. INCREASED INTEREST IN POWER QUALITY
 PQ problems cost business loss
 Equipment sensitive to voltages disturbances
 PQ is measurable with the advanced modern
electronic rectifier
 Awareness of users.
 Efficiency and reliability at limited cost.

6. WHAT POWER QUALITY COVERS!!!
 Reliability
1) Continuous availability
2) Interruption free/breakdown free/outage free.
 Parameters
1)Voltage .
2) Frequency.
3) Harmonics.
4)Transients.

7. SCOPE
 For economic operation of PS , the level of PQ
should properly maintained.
 PQ is vast concept concerning optimization.
 Adverse effects and losses due to under voltages
dealt

8. SOURCES OF POOR POWER QUALITY
 Non linear loads
 Arcing loads
 Switching operation
 Reactive loads
 Atmospheric condition
 Unstable loads
 Neighboring unbalance system.

9. BLACKOUTS
Short or long term loss of electrical power to an area
Causes- 1) Faults at PS
2) Damage toTx lines, sub station or other parts of
distribution system.
3)Short circuit
4) Overloading of electricity mains.

10. EFFECTS OF BLACKOUTS
 Total power loss of area.
 Tripping of substation.
 Its can cause current fluctuation in nearby
segments.

11. Brownouts
 Intentional or unintentional drop in voltage.
 Dimming experience.
 Temporary reduction .

12. Comparison chart
BROWNOUTS BLACKOUTS
It is temporary abrupt in voltages level followed by
quick recovery.
It is total crash of the power grid in an area.
It is strategic measure by power grid utilities to
prevent system from blackout.
Popped fuses, downed lines, blown transformers
cause blackouts
It causes equipment failure and sensitive appliances
may end up fried or malfunctioning.
Less dangerous because they just shut the devices
off
Voltage returns from low to normal level within a
minute.
It last from hours to day and weeks.

13. POWER QUALITY TERMINOLOGY
 BONDING
 CAPACITANCE
 COUPLING
 CREST FCATOR
 DISTORTION
 DISTORTION FACTOR
 FLICKLER

15. POWER QUALITY TERMINOLOGY
 FORM FACTOR=RMS /AVG
 FREQUENCY
 TIME PERIOD
 GROUND ELECTRODE
 GROUND GRID
 GROUND LOOP
 GROUND RING

16. POWER QUALITY TERMINOLOGY
 GROUNDING
 HARMONIC
 HARMONIC DISTORTION
 IMPULSE
 INDUCTANCE
 INRUSH
 INTERRUPTION

17. POWER QUALITY TERMINOLOGY
 ISOLATION
 LINEAR LOADS
 NOISE
 NON LINEAR LOAD
 NOTCH
 POWER DISTURBANCE
 POWER FACTOR

18. POWER QUALITY TERMINOLOGY
 SAG
 SURGE
 SWELL
 TRANSIENTS

19. POWER QUALITY ISSUE
 Equipments should functions satisfactory
 Users feels that the power is good

20. PQ CONCERNS
Power
frequency
disturbances
Power
system
transients
Power
system
harmonics
Grounding
and bonding
Electro
magnetic
interference
Electrostatic
discharge
Power factor

21. SUSCEPTIBILITY CRITERIA

22. IMMUNITY AND POWER QUALITY INDICES
EQUIPMENT IMMUNITY INDICES
INDEX DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
1) High immunity Motors, transformers, incandescent lighting, heating loads, electromechanical
relays
2) Moderate immunity Electronics ballasts, solid state relays, PLC, adjustable speed drives
3) Low immunity Signal, communication, data processing equipments, electronic medical
equipments.

23. IMMUNITY AND POWER QUALITY INDICES
Power quality indices
INDEX DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
1) Low power quality problems Service entrance switchbard, lighting
power distribution panel
2) Moderate power quality problems HVAC power panels
3) High power quality problems Panels supplying adjustable speed
drives, elevators,large motors

24.  IEEE –INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL &
ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS
 IEC-INTERNATIONAL ELECTRTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
 NEC-NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE

25. Most common power quality
problems