This document provides an overview of power quality issues and solutions. It defines common power quality problems like sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics and more. For each problem it describes the typical duration, voltage change, frequency of occurrence and symptoms. It then reviews potential solutions and compares their effectiveness, efficiency and costs. A example case study calculates the payback period of different solutions for addressing voltage sags. Key takeaways are to properly define power quality problems and costs, evaluate solution performance and operating costs, and select the most cost-effective option to meet needs.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on fundamentals of power quality. It discusses topics that will be covered including power quality fundamentals, voltage sags and interruptions, transients, and harmonics. It defines power quality issues and explains why power quality is important due to increased use of sensitive electronic equipment. Power quality engineering investigates equipment malfunctions to determine if they are caused by power quality problems and how to mitigate the issues. Power electronics are discussed as an important factor in power quality due to causing harmonic distortion and being vulnerable to power quality variations, and their increasing prevalence.
The document discusses various power quality problems such as harmonic distortion, voltage sags, swells, and interruptions. It then discusses solutions for power quality problems including maintaining grid adequacy, using distributed resources like distributed generation and energy storage, and implementing enhanced interface devices. The document also describes the operation of the Merus A-series Active Filter, which can be used to compensate for harmonics and reactive power in an electrical system.
This document provides an introduction to power quality, including definitions, concepts, and classifications of various power quality disturbances. It defines power quality as the characteristics of voltage and current in a power system that allow equipment to function properly. Power quality issues are deviations from the ideal voltage and current sine waves, including transients, sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, and voltage imbalance. These issues are characterized and classified based on duration, magnitude, frequency content, and causes. International standards for measuring and monitoring power quality are also mentioned.
This document discusses power quality monitoring. It defines power quality as the properties of the power supply delivered to users. Power quality can be affected by various steady state variations and events that cause deviations from the ideal voltage waveform. The document describes different types of power quality disturbances and how automatic classifiers are used to classify disturbances. It discusses power quality monitoring objectives and the types of commercially available power quality monitors used to identify and analyze power quality problems.
The document discusses power quality standards. It explains that power quality used to be defined simply as reliability, but two changes - more sensitive customer equipment and interconnected systems - have increased concerns about other power quality issues like transients, sags, swells, and harmonics. Standards development organizations are working to establish standards to address these issues, including the IEC, IEEE, ANSI and others. The document reviews some existing and developing standards that relate to steady state voltage, harmonics, transients and other power quality topics.
Power quality refers to maintaining a steady supply of electric power that operates equipment properly without damage or stress. Deviations from the normal voltage can cause issues like brief power interruptions or dimming lights. Poor power quality costs US companies billions annually and negatively impacts energy efficiency. Common power quality issues include voltage variations, frequency variations, harmonic distortions, and low power factor, all of which increase energy consumption and equipment wear.
Introduction: Definition & Reasons of Occurrence of following Voltage Dip, Brief voltage increases, Brief voltage interruption, Transients, Voltage Notches, Flickers, Distortion, Un-balance. Power Quality Indices,Limits of Harmonic Distortion according to IEEE, IEC, EN and NORSOK limits.Brief Introduction of Power quality Standards: IEC 61000-2-5,IEC 61000-2-1, IEC 1159 ( Categories of Power quality variation according to IEEE 1159 standard with their relevant Spectral content, Duration of occurrence & Magnitude)
This presentation provides an overview of power quality, including definitions of power quality, common power quality disturbances like sags, swells, harmonics and interruptions. It discusses the increased sensitivity of modern electronic equipment to power quality issues. Real-time power quality monitoring systems are described that can identify issues, locate their sources, and help utilities and customers mitigate problems to reduce costs and equipment damage. The benefits of power quality monitoring include improved reliability, preventative maintenance, and identification of sensitive equipment needing protection.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on fundamentals of power quality. It discusses topics that will be covered including power quality fundamentals, voltage sags and interruptions, transients, and harmonics. It defines power quality issues and explains why power quality is important due to increased use of sensitive electronic equipment. Power quality engineering investigates equipment malfunctions to determine if they are caused by power quality problems and how to mitigate the issues. Power electronics are discussed as an important factor in power quality due to causing harmonic distortion and being vulnerable to power quality variations, and their increasing prevalence.
The document discusses various power quality problems such as harmonic distortion, voltage sags, swells, and interruptions. It then discusses solutions for power quality problems including maintaining grid adequacy, using distributed resources like distributed generation and energy storage, and implementing enhanced interface devices. The document also describes the operation of the Merus A-series Active Filter, which can be used to compensate for harmonics and reactive power in an electrical system.
This document provides an introduction to power quality, including definitions, concepts, and classifications of various power quality disturbances. It defines power quality as the characteristics of voltage and current in a power system that allow equipment to function properly. Power quality issues are deviations from the ideal voltage and current sine waves, including transients, sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, and voltage imbalance. These issues are characterized and classified based on duration, magnitude, frequency content, and causes. International standards for measuring and monitoring power quality are also mentioned.
This document discusses power quality monitoring. It defines power quality as the properties of the power supply delivered to users. Power quality can be affected by various steady state variations and events that cause deviations from the ideal voltage waveform. The document describes different types of power quality disturbances and how automatic classifiers are used to classify disturbances. It discusses power quality monitoring objectives and the types of commercially available power quality monitors used to identify and analyze power quality problems.
The document discusses power quality standards. It explains that power quality used to be defined simply as reliability, but two changes - more sensitive customer equipment and interconnected systems - have increased concerns about other power quality issues like transients, sags, swells, and harmonics. Standards development organizations are working to establish standards to address these issues, including the IEC, IEEE, ANSI and others. The document reviews some existing and developing standards that relate to steady state voltage, harmonics, transients and other power quality topics.
Power quality refers to maintaining a steady supply of electric power that operates equipment properly without damage or stress. Deviations from the normal voltage can cause issues like brief power interruptions or dimming lights. Poor power quality costs US companies billions annually and negatively impacts energy efficiency. Common power quality issues include voltage variations, frequency variations, harmonic distortions, and low power factor, all of which increase energy consumption and equipment wear.
Introduction: Definition & Reasons of Occurrence of following Voltage Dip, Brief voltage increases, Brief voltage interruption, Transients, Voltage Notches, Flickers, Distortion, Un-balance. Power Quality Indices,Limits of Harmonic Distortion according to IEEE, IEC, EN and NORSOK limits.Brief Introduction of Power quality Standards: IEC 61000-2-5,IEC 61000-2-1, IEC 1159 ( Categories of Power quality variation according to IEEE 1159 standard with their relevant Spectral content, Duration of occurrence & Magnitude)
This presentation provides an overview of power quality, including definitions of power quality, common power quality disturbances like sags, swells, harmonics and interruptions. It discusses the increased sensitivity of modern electronic equipment to power quality issues. Real-time power quality monitoring systems are described that can identify issues, locate their sources, and help utilities and customers mitigate problems to reduce costs and equipment damage. The benefits of power quality monitoring include improved reliability, preventative maintenance, and identification of sensitive equipment needing protection.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
Power quality harmonics and accuracy april 2013Hyteps B.V.
This document discusses power quality, harmonics, and accuracy standards. It provides an agenda that covers definitions of power quality, improving power quality through solutions like power factor correction, power quality in SATEC products which provide detailed analysis and event logging, and accuracy standards for measurements. Key points covered include definitions of parameters like harmonics, interruptions, and voltage variations, international standards for limits like IEEE 1159 and EN50160, and how meter and CT accuracy classes are determined based on testing to standards like IEC 62053 and 62044.
This document discusses power quality and defines it as any deviation from the normal sinusoidal voltage or current waveform. It covers various power quality issues like voltage sags, swells, fluctuations, harmonics, interruptions and more. It explains the causes and impacts of different power quality problems. The document also discusses classification of issues, measurement and evaluation of power quality as well as relevant standards from organizations like IEEE.
Power quality issues arise from disturbances in the electric power supply that can negatively impact equipment. Common issues include voltage sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, and spikes. Around 80% of problems originate from within industrial facilities due to large loads or improper wiring, while 20% come from external utility issues like weather events. Poor power quality can increase energy costs and cause equipment failures. Monitoring power quality helps identify disturbances and their sources to improve reliability and reduce costs. Various devices like filters, regulators, and compensators can help mitigate different power quality issues. Maintaining high power quality supports the economic operation of power systems and equipment.
sachu technologies team provides comprehensive power quality analysis and can implement measures to bring power quality to acceptable standards. Improving power quality can bring significant financial benefits.
Poor power quality can damage sensitive equipment.
Poor power quality can lower productivity and also drive up energy costs.
Poor power quality can cause increased expenditure on electrical assets when plant or building expansion is necessary.
Poor power quality can impair the safety of electrical installations.
Power quality refers to maintaining a steady supply of electric power that operates equipment properly without damage or stress. Issues like voltage fluctuations, frequency variations, harmonic distortions, and low power factor can reduce efficiency and increase energy consumption and equipment damage. Common causes of power quality issues are weather events, falling trees, vehicle accidents, and construction accidents disturbing overhead power lines.
This document discusses power quality issues such as voltage sags, interruptions, spikes, swells, and harmonics. It explains the causes and consequences of each issue. Solutions discussed include improving the electric grid, using distributed energy resources like generators and energy storage, following standards, installing enhanced interface devices, and making equipment less sensitive. The key is preventing power quality problems through various measures to avoid losses.
Introduction
Power Quality Problems
Power Quality Measurement Devices
Power Quality Terminology
Power Quality Standards
Unbundled Power Quality Services
Power Quality Monitoring
Benefits of Power Quality
Conclusion
References
seminar report on power quality monitoring khemraj298
The document discusses power quality monitoring and its importance for sustainable energy systems like solar power in India. It provides context on increased sensitivity of modern equipment to power quality issues and defines different types of steady state variations and events that impact power quality. Monitoring objectives include proactive and reactive approaches to characterize system performance and identify specific problems. The development of an intelligent power quality monitoring system using LabVIEW and sensors is described to efficiently monitor power quality in sustainable energy systems.
Introduction to Power Quality: Terms and definitions of transients,
Long Duration Voltage Variations: under Voltage, Under Voltage and Sustained Interruptions
; Short Duration Voltage Variations: interruption, Sag, Swell; Voltage Imbalance; Notching D C offset,; waveform distortion; voltage fluctuation; power frequency variations
This document discusses power quality and power quality disturbances. It defines power quality as the set of parameters defining the properties of power supply in normal operating conditions. Common power quality disturbances include steady-state variations like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and high frequency noise as well as events like interruptions, sags, swells, and transients. Solutions to power quality problems include distributed generation, energy storage systems, codes and standards, interface devices, and making equipment less sensitive.
Come join the area's leading power quality experts as we demonstrate and replicate common power quality issues, problems and solutions in today's industrial and commercial electrical environments.
Power Quality Issues _Literature SurveyKetan Bhavsar
This document summarizes a literature review on power quality issues in industries. It was prepared by five students under the guidance of Prof. N.R. Bhasme. The document defines power quality and discusses various power quality problems such as disturbances, imbalance, distortion, fluctuations and flicker. It describes these problems in detail and lists their possible causes. It also discusses who is affected by power quality issues and how. The document covers monitoring of power quality parameters and the benefits of monitoring. It concludes by emphasizing that power quality issues can result in significant financial losses for businesses.
This document discusses power quality and defines it as the ability of a power system to supply voltage continuously within tolerances. It outlines various power quality events like sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, and their causes and effects. It then describes various techniques to mitigate power quality issues, including dynamic voltage restorers, harmonic filters, static VAR compensators, and unified power quality conditioners. Maintaining high power quality improves system efficiency and equipment lifespan while eliminating problems like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and reactive power issues.
POWER QUALITY ISSUES (POWER SYSTEM AND POWER ELECTRONICS)Rohit vijay
This document discusses power quality issues, specifically voltage sags. It defines voltage sags as decreases in voltage between 10-90% of nominal voltage lasting from half a cycle to one minute. Common causes of voltage sags include motor starting, faults in the power system, and sudden increases in load. The document discusses various methods for mitigating voltage sags, including power conditioning equipment like static VAR compensators, UPS systems, and custom devices like dynamic voltage regulators and D-STATCOMs. It also describes using an auto-transformer controlled by an IGBT switch as a method for mitigating voltage sags.
Power Quality Basics_Complex Compatibility_AclaraAclara
Power Quality is a major concern to utility customers and the utility. For the energy consumer, the economic impact of power disturbances can range from hundreds of dollars in equipment repair to millions of dollars in production losses and downtime. For utilities, disturbances lead to customer dissatisfaction and losses in load and revenue.
This presentation clarifies the unique electrical relationship between utility and customers relative to Power Quality. Introducing Power Quality terminology, tools to determine compatibility, and data that is available for analysis.
This document discusses power quality and methods to enhance it. It defines power quality and common power quality problems such as voltage sags, swells, transients, and harmonic distortion. It then describes several methods to solve power quality problems, including using hybrid filters, transformer methods, coil clocks, power factor correction, and unified switched capacitor compensators. The benefits of improved power quality are also covered.
The document discusses power quality issues such as transients, sags, swells, and interruptions. It describes their effects on equipment, including shutdowns, errors, reduced life, and more. Standards like IEEE 1159 and SEMI F47-0606 provide guidelines for equipment tolerance to such power issues. Real-time grid monitoring networks can track voltage sags and help understand their causes and geographic impacts.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
Power quality harmonics and accuracy april 2013Hyteps B.V.
This document discusses power quality, harmonics, and accuracy standards. It provides an agenda that covers definitions of power quality, improving power quality through solutions like power factor correction, power quality in SATEC products which provide detailed analysis and event logging, and accuracy standards for measurements. Key points covered include definitions of parameters like harmonics, interruptions, and voltage variations, international standards for limits like IEEE 1159 and EN50160, and how meter and CT accuracy classes are determined based on testing to standards like IEC 62053 and 62044.
This document discusses power quality and defines it as any deviation from the normal sinusoidal voltage or current waveform. It covers various power quality issues like voltage sags, swells, fluctuations, harmonics, interruptions and more. It explains the causes and impacts of different power quality problems. The document also discusses classification of issues, measurement and evaluation of power quality as well as relevant standards from organizations like IEEE.
Power quality issues arise from disturbances in the electric power supply that can negatively impact equipment. Common issues include voltage sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, and spikes. Around 80% of problems originate from within industrial facilities due to large loads or improper wiring, while 20% come from external utility issues like weather events. Poor power quality can increase energy costs and cause equipment failures. Monitoring power quality helps identify disturbances and their sources to improve reliability and reduce costs. Various devices like filters, regulators, and compensators can help mitigate different power quality issues. Maintaining high power quality supports the economic operation of power systems and equipment.
sachu technologies team provides comprehensive power quality analysis and can implement measures to bring power quality to acceptable standards. Improving power quality can bring significant financial benefits.
Poor power quality can damage sensitive equipment.
Poor power quality can lower productivity and also drive up energy costs.
Poor power quality can cause increased expenditure on electrical assets when plant or building expansion is necessary.
Poor power quality can impair the safety of electrical installations.
Power quality refers to maintaining a steady supply of electric power that operates equipment properly without damage or stress. Issues like voltage fluctuations, frequency variations, harmonic distortions, and low power factor can reduce efficiency and increase energy consumption and equipment damage. Common causes of power quality issues are weather events, falling trees, vehicle accidents, and construction accidents disturbing overhead power lines.
This document discusses power quality issues such as voltage sags, interruptions, spikes, swells, and harmonics. It explains the causes and consequences of each issue. Solutions discussed include improving the electric grid, using distributed energy resources like generators and energy storage, following standards, installing enhanced interface devices, and making equipment less sensitive. The key is preventing power quality problems through various measures to avoid losses.
Introduction
Power Quality Problems
Power Quality Measurement Devices
Power Quality Terminology
Power Quality Standards
Unbundled Power Quality Services
Power Quality Monitoring
Benefits of Power Quality
Conclusion
References
seminar report on power quality monitoring khemraj298
The document discusses power quality monitoring and its importance for sustainable energy systems like solar power in India. It provides context on increased sensitivity of modern equipment to power quality issues and defines different types of steady state variations and events that impact power quality. Monitoring objectives include proactive and reactive approaches to characterize system performance and identify specific problems. The development of an intelligent power quality monitoring system using LabVIEW and sensors is described to efficiently monitor power quality in sustainable energy systems.
Introduction to Power Quality: Terms and definitions of transients,
Long Duration Voltage Variations: under Voltage, Under Voltage and Sustained Interruptions
; Short Duration Voltage Variations: interruption, Sag, Swell; Voltage Imbalance; Notching D C offset,; waveform distortion; voltage fluctuation; power frequency variations
This document discusses power quality and power quality disturbances. It defines power quality as the set of parameters defining the properties of power supply in normal operating conditions. Common power quality disturbances include steady-state variations like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and high frequency noise as well as events like interruptions, sags, swells, and transients. Solutions to power quality problems include distributed generation, energy storage systems, codes and standards, interface devices, and making equipment less sensitive.
Come join the area's leading power quality experts as we demonstrate and replicate common power quality issues, problems and solutions in today's industrial and commercial electrical environments.
Power Quality Issues _Literature SurveyKetan Bhavsar
This document summarizes a literature review on power quality issues in industries. It was prepared by five students under the guidance of Prof. N.R. Bhasme. The document defines power quality and discusses various power quality problems such as disturbances, imbalance, distortion, fluctuations and flicker. It describes these problems in detail and lists their possible causes. It also discusses who is affected by power quality issues and how. The document covers monitoring of power quality parameters and the benefits of monitoring. It concludes by emphasizing that power quality issues can result in significant financial losses for businesses.
This document discusses power quality and defines it as the ability of a power system to supply voltage continuously within tolerances. It outlines various power quality events like sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, and their causes and effects. It then describes various techniques to mitigate power quality issues, including dynamic voltage restorers, harmonic filters, static VAR compensators, and unified power quality conditioners. Maintaining high power quality improves system efficiency and equipment lifespan while eliminating problems like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and reactive power issues.
POWER QUALITY ISSUES (POWER SYSTEM AND POWER ELECTRONICS)Rohit vijay
This document discusses power quality issues, specifically voltage sags. It defines voltage sags as decreases in voltage between 10-90% of nominal voltage lasting from half a cycle to one minute. Common causes of voltage sags include motor starting, faults in the power system, and sudden increases in load. The document discusses various methods for mitigating voltage sags, including power conditioning equipment like static VAR compensators, UPS systems, and custom devices like dynamic voltage regulators and D-STATCOMs. It also describes using an auto-transformer controlled by an IGBT switch as a method for mitigating voltage sags.
Power Quality Basics_Complex Compatibility_AclaraAclara
Power Quality is a major concern to utility customers and the utility. For the energy consumer, the economic impact of power disturbances can range from hundreds of dollars in equipment repair to millions of dollars in production losses and downtime. For utilities, disturbances lead to customer dissatisfaction and losses in load and revenue.
This presentation clarifies the unique electrical relationship between utility and customers relative to Power Quality. Introducing Power Quality terminology, tools to determine compatibility, and data that is available for analysis.
This document discusses power quality and methods to enhance it. It defines power quality and common power quality problems such as voltage sags, swells, transients, and harmonic distortion. It then describes several methods to solve power quality problems, including using hybrid filters, transformer methods, coil clocks, power factor correction, and unified switched capacitor compensators. The benefits of improved power quality are also covered.
The document discusses power quality issues such as transients, sags, swells, and interruptions. It describes their effects on equipment, including shutdowns, errors, reduced life, and more. Standards like IEEE 1159 and SEMI F47-0606 provide guidelines for equipment tolerance to such power issues. Real-time grid monitoring networks can track voltage sags and help understand their causes and geographic impacts.
Power quality conditioners are devices used in smart grids to improve the quality of power delivered to loads. They ensure efficient power transfer, isolate grids from disturbances, convert DC to AC, and integrate with energy storage. Common types include distribution static compensators (DSTATCOMs), active power filters, and unified power quality conditioners (UPQCs). DSTATCOMs regulate voltage and compensate for reactive power. Active power filters compensate for harmonics and reactive power. UPQCs combine series and shunt filters to compensate for both voltage and current issues. Power quality conditioners are important for integrating renewable energy and ensuring loads function properly in smart grids.
prevention of power theft and power uality by the help of fuzzy logicvaibyfrndz
This seminar presentation discusses using fuzzy logic to prevent power theft and improve power quality. It introduces power theft, which can occur through meter tampering or direct rigging of distribution lines. Fuzzy logic is proposed as a method to detect meter tampering using an LDR circuit and control voltage levels to identify illegal taps. Working diagrams are presented for fuzzy logic systems to detect power theft and regulate voltage. MATLAB results demonstrate how the fuzzy logic systems can reduce voltage during detected power theft and maintain normal voltage levels during regular use. The conclusion is that intelligent control using fuzzy logic can both improve power quality and prevent power theft, benefiting a country's economy.
This document discusses using a STATCOM to improve power quality in a grid-connected wind energy system. A STATCOM is a voltage-source converter that can compensate for voltage fluctuations on AC transmission lines. The document examines power quality issues like voltage variations and harmonics in wind energy systems. It presents test results showing that a STATCOM maintains the source voltage and current in-phase to support the reactive power demand of the wind generator and load. The STATCOM fulfills power quality standards and can eliminate or reduce voltage fluctuations at the plant input.
This document describes a study that designed a fuzzy logic controller for a boost DC-DC converter using MATLAB/Simulink software. The objective was to develop a fuzzy logic algorithm to control the output voltage of the boost converter in steady state conditions. Simulation results showed that the fuzzy logic controller was able to maintain the output voltage with no overshoot, unlike the open loop converter which had 80% overshoot. In conclusion, the fuzzy logic controller improved the dynamic performance and stability of the boost converter compared to an open loop design.
NEW STATCOM CONTROL SCHEME FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN WIND FARM.sannuthi yaramapu
Now a days we are facing so many problems with power quality issues. So in order to mitigate these problems and to improve the power quality we are using new STATCOM control scheme in wind farm.
The document discusses power quality issues caused by nonlinear loads and various power quality conditioners used to address these issues. It introduces the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), which integrates series and shunt active power filters to compensate for both voltage and current-related power quality problems. The UPQC can mitigate issues like harmonics, voltage sags and swells, reactive power, power factor, and load unbalance. It operates by injecting compensating currents from the shunt filter and generating compensating voltages from the series filter to regulate the supply voltage and current waveforms seen by the load. The UPQC provides a comprehensive solution for improving power quality in distribution systems.
This document discusses using a D-STATCOM (Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator) to improve power quality and voltage regulation in a photovoltaic (PV) distribution system. The objectives are to analyze the effects of nonlinear loads, study existing harmonics mitigation methods, and propose a best method for compensating reactive power and mitigating current harmonics. It presents the contents, introduces issues like harmonics from power electronic devices and reactive power disturbances. It then describes the operation, topology and components of a D-STATCOM and PV system. MATLAB models of the grid-connected PV system with and without D-STATCOM are presented, showing the D-STATCOM improves power factor and regulates the voltage.
Statcom control scheme for power quality improvement of grid connected wind e...Kinnera Kin
This project aims to improve power quality for a grid-connected wind energy system using a STATCOM. The objectives are to maintain unity power factor at the source, meet reactive power needs of the wind generator and non-linear load, and provide fast response using hysteresis current control for the STATCOM. MATLAB/Simulink software is used to simulate the system both with and without STATCOM. The simulation results show that with STATCOM, harmonic distortion is eliminated in the load current and power quality is maintained at the point of common coupling.
This document presents an overview of reactive power compensation. It defines reactive power compensation as managing reactive power to improve AC system performance. There are two main aspects: load compensation to increase power factor and voltage regulation, and voltage support to decrease voltage fluctuations. Several methods of reactive power compensation are discussed, including shunt compensation using capacitors and reactors, series compensation, static VAR compensators (SVCs), static compensators (STATCOMs), and synchronous condensers. SVC and STATCOM technologies are compared, with STATCOMs having advantages of smaller components, better control, and transient response.
Power Quality Improvement Using A DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer)
ABSTRACT
Power quality is one of major problems in the today’s scenario. It has become important with the introduction of complex devices, whose performance is very sensitive to the quality of power supply. Power quality problem is an occurrence developed as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure of end use equipment. Some of the major problems dealt here is the power sag and swell. This paper describes the effectiveness of using dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) in order to mitigate voltage sags and swells in low voltage distribution systems. Dynamic Voltage Restorer can provide the most cost effective solution to mitigate voltage sags and swells that is required by customer. The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a rapid, flexible and resourceful solution to power quality problems.
Speed control of dc motor by fuzzy controllerMurugappa Group
This document discusses using a fuzzy logic controller to control the speed of a DC motor. It begins by introducing fuzzy logic and how it works, explaining that fuzzy logic can model imprecise systems using simple rules. It then explains the key components of a fuzzy logic controller: fuzzification to convert real inputs to fuzzy set values, an inference engine that applies fuzzy rules, and defuzzification to convert fuzzy outputs to real values. The document applies these concepts to design a fuzzy logic controller for a DC motor system with inputs of speed and error and an output of motor voltage. It concludes that fuzzy logic control provides advantages over conventional control techniques in being cheaper, more robust, and customizable.
The document summarizes power quality issues including defects like under voltage, over voltage, dips, surges, blackouts, harmonics, and transients. It discusses who is responsible for ensuring power quality and some typical problems caused by defects. Solutions mentioned include surge protection, UPS systems, generators, filters, proper wiring, and load zoning. Assuring high quality power is challenging as electricity must flow continuously from generators to consumers via a shared infrastructure.
Design Development and Testing of an Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection ...Kunal Maity
This voltage protection circuit is designed to develop a low-voltage and high-voltage tripping mechanism to protect a load from any damage. The electronic devices get easily damaged due to fluctuation in AC means supply take place frequently.
This presentation gives detailed information about power quality i.e. how poor power quality is caused? what are the parameters on which we measure power quality? how can we solve the problem of poor power quality? this presentation will give you all the answers.
This document provides an overview of the EE2402 Protection & Switchgear course presented by C.Gokul. It includes the course syllabus, units covered, textbook references and introductory content on power system basics, components, faults, protection elements, relay terminology and essential qualities of protection systems. The key topics discussed are types of faults in power systems, importance of protective schemes, elements of a protection system including current transformers, voltage transformers, relays and circuit breakers. Neutral earthing methods with a focus on Peterson coil are also introduced.
This document discusses power quality issues and solutions for monitoring and analyzing power disturbances. It provides background on the costs of power quality problems for businesses and examples of common power quality issues like sags, swells, harmonics, and interruptions. The document recommends continuous power quality monitoring using tools that can detect and record the seven main power quality problem types based on IEEE standards. It promotes GE Multilin's power quality monitoring solutions, including the PQMII and EPM9000 series, which provide accurate measurements, high resolution waveform recording, and analysis for diagnosing and remedying power quality issues.
The document outlines the scope and objectives of an electrical safety audit conducted at a petrochemical plant. The audit inspected electrical equipment and components to assess safety, personnel safety, and the system's capability. It aimed to evaluate the adequacy of the existing electrical system and identify strengths and weaknesses to suggest improvements and ensure compliance with safety and statutory requirements.
This document provides an overview of surge protection and power quality. It discusses how voltage surges can damage electronic equipment and outlines the basics of AC power and types of voltage disturbances. The progression of increasingly sensitive electronic devices is described. Common surge protection devices are explained, particularly metal oxide varistors, how they work to suppress voltage surges, and their failure modes from high energy or repetitive overvoltages. The goal is to describe surge risks and various protection technologies.
PPT-Surge-Protection-Technical-Background-and-Basics-Presentation_1 (1).pptNafir Anas
This document provides an overview of surge protection, including:
1) It describes voltage surges and the risk they pose to electronic equipment, explaining that surges are short duration overvoltages that can damage devices.
2) It discusses the basics of alternating current (AC) power and different types of voltage disturbances like surges, sags, and swells.
3) It explains how surge protective devices (SPDs) like metal oxide varistors work to divert surges to ground and protect equipment through clamping the voltage.
Uninterrupted power supplies (UPS) provide clean, steady power to sensitive electronic equipment to protect against power problems from the main supply. There are three main types of UPS - off-line/standby UPS which provide backup during outages, line interactive UPS which condition voltage fluctuations, and true online UPS which provide fully regulated backup power. True online UPS provide the highest level of protection against issues like surges, sags, spikes and noise but are also the most expensive option. The type of UPS chosen depends on the criticality of the load and frequency of power quality issues.
Power quality refers to the ability of a system to function satisfactorily without introducing electromagnetic disturbances. It deals with continuity of supply and quality of voltage. Power quality issues include voltage surges, sags, swells, fluctuations, unbalance, harmonics, noise, and interruptions. These issues can damage equipment or cause inefficiencies. Mitigation techniques use devices like DVRs, SVCs, filters, and TVSS to regulate voltage, filter harmonics, and clamp transients in order to ensure reliable power delivery and protect sensitive equipment. Addressing power quality improves system efficiency, saves on electricity costs, and eliminates the problem of power pollution.
This document discusses power quality issues and solutions. It describes several common power quality problems including voltage sags, micro-interruptions, long interruptions, voltage spikes, voltage swells, and harmonic distortion. It then discusses various solutions such as improving the transmission and distribution grid, using distributed generation and energy storage systems, following codes and standards, and installing enhanced interface devices or making equipment less sensitive. The overall message is that both utilities and customers must work to ensure a high quality of electric power.
This document discusses power quality issues and solutions. It describes several common power quality problems including voltage sags, micro-interruptions, long interruptions, voltage spikes, voltage swells, and harmonic distortion. It then discusses various solutions such as improving the transmission and distribution grid, using distributed generation and energy storage systems, following codes and standards, and installing enhanced interface devices or making equipment less sensitive. The overall message is that both utilities and customers must work to ensure a high quality of electric power.
This document provides an overview of electrical safety. It discusses electrical hazards such as electrocution, arc flash, and falls from ladders. It defines key terms like qualified person, unqualified person, energized, and de-energized. It also describes shock hazards and protective measures like insulation, grounding, guarding, circuit breakers, fuses, and GFCIs. The document is intended to educate workers on electrical safety practices.
This document provides an overview of electrical safety. It discusses electrical hazards such as electrocution, arc flash, and falls from ladders. It defines key terms like qualified person, unqualified person, energized, and de-energized. It also describes shock hazards and protective measures like insulation, guarding, grounding, and circuit protection devices like fuses, circuit breakers, and GFCIs. The document is intended to educate workers on electrical safety practices.
Product: Power Factor & Harmonics: StacoSine: TechnicalStaco Energy
This document discusses power factor, harmonics, and power quality issues. It defines power factor as the ratio of real power to apparent power, and explains how low power factor means electrical power is not being fully utilized. Common sources of harmonics and symptoms caused by harmonics are outlined. The document also provides an overview of power factor correction capacitors and considerations for their application, as well as basics of harmonics and potential economic impacts.
The document discusses power quality and various power quality disturbances including voltage sag, swell, micro and long interruptions, voltage spikes, unbalance, harmonics distortion, and voltage fluctuations. It defines each disturbance, provides examples of common causes and potential consequences on equipment. Maintaining good power quality is important for the proper functioning of modern electronic devices that have become more sensitive to voltage and current deviations from ideal sine waves. Poor power quality can result in equipment damage and malfunctions as well as economic losses.
Power disruptions can cost businesses hundreds of thousands or millions of dollars. Devices that correct or eliminate power quality issues like sags, swells, and transients are important to reduce costs. Power quality issues are caused by events on the utility grid or within a facility. Proper protection devices and backup power sources can help mitigate these issues and improve equipment performance. A study estimated that power interruptions cost the US economy $80 billion annually, with most of the costs borne by commercial and industrial sectors due to downtime of electronic equipment.
WHY POWER QUALITY AUDIT IS IMPORTANT ???chandan sudip
Poor power quality can damage electrical equipment and systems. A power quality audit is important to identify issues like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, spikes, sags, and frequency variations that may overload or prematurely age equipment. A power quality audit monitors factors like voltage drop, spikes, power factor, and unbalance to detect power quality problems in an electrical distribution system and understand their potential impacts. Regular power quality monitoring and audits help ensure electrical systems are protected from power quality issues.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on power quality. It defines power quality and discusses various power quality events such as sags, swells, interruptions, spikes, flickering, noise, and voltage unbalance. It describes the sources and causes of these power quality problems, their effects, and mitigation techniques. The scope of power quality in maintaining economic system operation is also covered. The document concludes that proper mitigation devices can help maintain the desired level of power quality and lists references used.
Protective relays are electric devices that respond to input conditions in a prescribed manner to isolate faults or dangerous conditions on a power system. The document discusses the definition and role of protective relays, as well as the philosophy and fundamental principles of protective relaying. It provides examples of commonly used protective devices and classifications of relays based on technology, including electromechanical, static, and numerical relays. The document also summarizes the operation of electromagnetic induction relays, which produce torque through the interaction of alternating fluxes to rotate a disc.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
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During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
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ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
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For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
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Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
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What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
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2. Power Quality
Who cares?
• $100+ billion in losses per year
– Just in the U.S.
• Financial impact
– Scrap, equipment damage, etc.
• Operational impact
– Downtime, critical shipments, etc.
Power Quality = Financial Problem
4. Power Quality
What does “Quality” mean?
• Absence of malfunctions or failures
• Depends on point of view
– Utility has one view
– Customer may have another view
Quality = Proper Equipment Operation & Longevity
5. Power Quality
Power =
Current, Time & Voltage
• Amps are governed by the load
• Time cannot be changed
• Only voltage is controllable
Power Quality = Voltage Quality
6. Undervoltage
Voltage 90% of nominal or less
Source: Utility or facility
Duration: > 1 minute
Incidence: Medium - high
Symptoms: Malfunction or
premature equipment failure
Protection: Voltage regulation
Undervoltage can result from low
distribution voltage, high voltage
drop, heavy loads, etc. Symptoms
include premature failure and
overheating of motors. May also
increase sensitivity to voltage
sags.
Causes Equipment Shut Down or Malfunction
7. Overvoltage
Voltage >110% above nominal
Source: Utility
Duration: > 1 minute
Incidence : Medium - high
Symptom: Malfunction or
premature equipment failure
Protection: Voltage regulation
Overvoltage usually results from
high distribution voltage. Often a
problem nights, evening and
weekends. Premature failure of
electronics and printed circuit
boards is a common symptom.
Causes Premature Circuit Board Failure
10. Voltage Sag
Very short, deep voltage drop
Source: Utility or large load start
Duration: 0.5 cycles – 60 seconds
Incidence : Avg. 40 – 60
events/year in U.S.
Symptom: Shut down or
malfunction
Protection: Sag protection
Voltage sags are particularly
problematic for industry where the
malfunction of a device may result
in huge financial losses. Weather
and utility equipment problems are
major cause of sags.
Cause Frequent Shut Down of Sensitive Loads
11. Voltage Sags
Affect large areas
– Events usually start on the
transmission or distribution
system
• Weather events
• Cap bank switching
– Affect huge areas
– 75% of sags affect 1 phase
Often Seem Like Very Brief Interruptions
12. Swell
Very short, high voltage rise
Source: Utility or facility
Duration: 0.5 cycles – 60 seconds
Incidence : Very low
Symptom: Malfunction
Protection: Voltage isolation
Swells are not a common problem.
Most often caused by energizing a
capacitor bank or the sudden shut
down of very large loads.
Most Often Causes Control Problems
13. Interruption
Voltage <10% of nominal
Source: Utility
Duration: 0.5 cycle - >1 hour
Incidence : ~2 per year in U.S.
Symptom: Equipment shutdown
Protection: Energy storage or
self-generation
End users in North America
experience real interruptions only
a few times per year. Voltage sags
occur much more frequently and
may be mistaken for interruptions.
Causes Little Equipment Damage
14. Noise
Distortion of voltage waveform
Source: Power Electronics
Duration: Steady state
Incidence : Low
Symptom: Malfunction
Protection: Filters or transformers
Noise seldom reaches the level of
being a major power quality
problem. Removing or correcting
the source of the noise or applying
an appropriate filter are the most
common remedies.
Causes Malfunctions or Overheating
15. Harmonics
Deformed voltage waveform
Source: Power Electronics
Duration: Steady state
Incidence : Low - medium
Symptom: Overheating or
malfunction
Protection: Filters
Harmonics seldom reach the level
of being a major power quality
problem. High levels of harmonics
can be treated by modifying or
isolating the source or applying
active or passive harmonic filters.
Causes Significant Overheating
16. Transient
Very high voltage pulse
Source: Typically lightning
Duration: <50 ns – 5 ms
Incidence : Low
Symptom: Equipment damage
Protection: Surge suppression
Damage from transients occurs
infrequently but it can be very
devastating when it does occur.
Surge suppression is very
inexpensive “insurance” for
business and industry.
Potentially Widespread Equipment Damage
17. Unbalance
Varying voltage levels
Source: Utility or facility
Duration: Steady state
Incidence : Medium
Symptom: Malfunction and
overheating
Protection: Voltage balancing
Voltage unbalance affects only
three phase systems. Most often
it is caused by unequal loads on
distribution lines or within a facility.
High voltage unbalance can
severely degrade motor efficiency
and life.
Causes Efficiency Loss and Overheating
18. Notching
Deformed voltage waveform
Source: Electronic devices
Duration: Steady state
Incidence : Very low
Symptom: Malfunction
Protection: None
Notching can be caused by certain
electronic devices. While it is
rarely a problem, the solution
usually involves isolation of
sensitive equipment from the
offending device.
Causes Operation Problems
19. Other PQ Terms
Common, but undefined, terms:
• “Outage” or “Blackout” ≈interruption
• “Brownout” ≈intentionally low grid voltage
• Surge ≈
high energy transient
Avoid these terms
Glitch
Clean power
Spike
Dirty power
Proper Terminology Is Important
20. Voltage Problem Summary
Typical Duration
Typical Voltage
Change from
Nominal
Typical Incidence
Frequency/Cost
<50 ns – 5 ms
Thousands of %
Low/$$$$
Sag*
0.5 cycles – 60 s
10 – 90%
High/$-$$$
Swell
0.5 cycles – 60 s
110 – 180%
Low/$
0.5 cycles – >1 hour
<10%
Very Low/$$-$$$
Undervoltage*
>1 minute
90 – 99%
Medium/$$-$$$
Overvoltage*
>1 minute
101 – 110%
Medium/$$-$$$
Harmonics
Constant
0 – 20%
Low/$-$$
Noise
Constant
0 – 1%
Low/$-$$
Notching
Constant
Problem
Transient*
Interruption*
Unbalance
Fluctuating
Very Low/$
0 – 15% Phase-Phase
Most Problematic *
Medium/$-$$
21. Identifying PQ Problems
Document symptoms
& conditions
Identify potential
PQ problem & source
Confirm PQ problem
& source
Problem Identification Is Key
22. Document Symptoms
Record suspected PQ events
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Malfunction or damage
Time & date
Any power info available
Weather conditions
Operating situation
Loads starting/stopping
Recent changes
Other anomalies
First Step in Solving PQ Problems
23. Identify Problems
A process of elimination
– Measure RMS voltages over time
• At service entrance
• At machine level
• Check unbalance
– Then, check for sag or transients
– Then, check for noise or harmonics
– Etc.
Electrical Forensic Investigation
24. Power Quality Monitoring
Invaluable Protection
–
–
–
–
–
–
Easily identify problem & trends
Permits proactive protection
Support for insurance claims
Protect major investments
Relatively inexpensive ($2 – 5K)
At least one unit at service entrance
An Important Maintenance Tool
25. Confirm Source
Compare records & measurements
– Records should confirm measurements
– Identify source of problem
• External, internal or both
– Identify PQ problem type
• May be multiple problems
Solution Depends on Source & Problem
26. Under/Overvoltage Solutions
Typical products
Device
kVA Size
Advantages
Disadvantages
Servo-mechanical voltage
regulator
5 – 2,000
Low price
Slow response
High Maintenance
Electronic tap switching
voltage regulator
5 – 2,000
Very fast response
Solid state
Higher price
0.5 - 25
Very fast response
Solid state
Very poor efficiency
Single phase only
Ferroresonant transformer
Three phase regulators are often used to correct voltage unbalance
Voltage Regulators
27. Voltage Sag Solutions
Typical products
Device
kVA Size
Advantages
Disadvantages
UPS
5 – 2,000
Line isolation
Many choices
Poor efficiency
High cost
Flywheel
20 – 150
No batteries
Small sizes
Mechanical device
10 – 2,000
Lowest cost
Very high efficiency
Sag protection only
Active voltage conditioner
Swells often require a custom solution
Very Different Technology Choices
28. Interruption Solutions
Typical products
Device
kVA Size
Advantages
Disadvantages
UPS – double conversion
5 – 2,000
Voltage regulation
Line isolation
Poor efficiency
High O&M cost
UPS – line interactive
20 – 50
Voltage regulation
Lower cost
Mostly smaller sizes
UPS - standby
0.3 – 5
Lowest cost
Very high efficiency
No regulation
Lots of Products – Lots of Confusion
29. Noise & Harmonics Solutions
Typical products
•
•
•
•
Filters, transformers and other devices
Passive devices designed for a specific problem
Active devices respond to changing problems
Typically designed for the specific application
Solutions May Require Customization
30. Transient Solutions
Typical products
•
•
•
•
TVSS – Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor
Large variation in protection levels & price
Usually applied at service entrance
May be included in other devices
Inexpensive Protection from Catastrophe
31. Comparing Typical Solutions
Effectiveness for Power Quality Problems
Power Conditioner Type
Undervoltage
Overvoltage
Voltage Sags
Interruptions
Typical
Efficiency (%)
Mechanical Voltage Regulator
Fair - Good
None
None
97 - 99
Electronic Voltage Regulator
Superior
Poor - Fair
None
95 - 99
Ferroresonant Transformer
Good - Superior
Poor - Fair
None
60 - 90
Active Voltage Conditioning
None - Poor
Superior
None - Poor
94 - 99
Double Conversion UPS w/o Batteries
Fair - Good
None - Poor
None
85 - 94
Double Conversion UPS with Batteries
Fair - Good
Good - Superior
Good - Superior
85 - 94
Fair
Good
Good
94 – 97
Standby UPS
None - Poor
Poor - Fair
Good
97 – 98
Flywheel UPS
None - Poor
Superior
Poor - Fair
96 – 98
Line Interactive UPS
No Device Solves Every Problem
32. Power Conditioners
What is a power conditioner?
• No standard definition
• Traditionally – a voltage regulating
device with other capability
• Could be almost anything
• Check the specs
A Very Confusing Term
33. Evaluating PQ Solutions
What is the best solution?
•
•
•
•
Define $ cost of PQ problems
Define cost of solution
Calculate solution effectiveness
Calculate payback
Simple Cost-Benefit Analysis
34. Cost of PQ Problems
Define $ cost per PQ event
•
•
•
•
•
Scrap, disposal & cleanup
Lost productivity & overtime
Lost energy or extra energy
Maintenance & service costs
Extra QA or mandatory reporting
Easy to Under-Estimate PQ Costs
35. Cost of PQ Solutions
Owning cost of PQ solutions
• First cost + installation
• Operation & maintenance
– Energy cost
– Service & maintenance labor
– Regular replacement parts
• Batteries, capacitors, etc.
O&M Can Be a Major Cost
36. PQ Solution Effectiveness
How many events are avoided?
• Compare performance to problems
– Will solution correct all events
• Availability & reliability
– Is solution “on-line” 24/7/365
– Estimate service or recharge time
– Adjust effectiveness for unavailability
Consider Time “Off-line” Solution Requires
37. Solution Payback
Calculate value of solutions
Problem Cost
- Solution Cost
--------------------$ Savings
Solution First Cost
÷ $ Savings
--------------------Investment Payback
Payback May Be In Months or # of Events
38. Sag Protection Example
A food/beverage plant • 5 deep voltage sag events/year
–
–
–
–
–
Shut down only bottling line
Rest of plant rides through sags
But, bottling line shutdown stops plant
Costs $20,000 per sag event
Bottling line needs 500 kVA
A Typical Problem
39. Sag Protection Example
Compare UPS and sag mitigator each 500 kVA, 480V, 3 phase
UPS
Sag Mitigator
$210K
$130K
$7K
N/A
Annualized wear parts (batteries)*
$18K
N/A
Annual energy losses**
$50K
$4K
Total annual operation & maintenance cost
$75K
$4K
10 year total owning cost (First + 10x annual O&M)
$960K
$170K
First cost, typical installation
Annual service contract
*24 to 30 month replacement cycle **UPS: 90% efficiency, $0.10/kw-hr, HVAC load
Huge Difference in Owning Cost
40. Sag Protection Example
Assume both solutions correct same # of sag events
Both solutions save = 5 x $20,000 = $100,000/year
UPS costs $96K/year - Sag mitigator costs $17K/year
UPS saves $4K/year – Sag mitigator saves $83K/year
Payback: UPS ~ 50 years – Sag mitigator ~ 18 months
Sag Mitigator Needs No Batteries
41. Key Evaluation Parameters
• Performance
– More may not mean better
– Buy only what is needed
• Operating costs
–
–
–
–
Efficiency (e.g. energy cost)
Maintenance (e.g. batteries)
Service contracts
Required redundancy
Know What You Are Buying
42. Choosing a “Green” Solution
• Efficiency
– Choose the highest possible
– Can up to 99%
• Environmental issues
– Avoid batteries when possible
• Some solutions can save energy
– With high efficiency, and
– Optimized voltage levels
Eco-Friendly Power Quality