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The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) is a standardized developmental screening test used to examine differences in newborn behavior. It assesses domains like autonomic functioning, motor skills, state regulation, and social interaction through observation of behavioral and reflex items. The NBAS can be administered to full-term infants aged 37-48 weeks by trained medical professionals. It provides information on infants' ability to handle stress and self-organize that can help supplement childcare and promote healthy development.
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CHAPTER 3 How Standardized Tests Are Used, Designed, and Selected.docx
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Benjamin LaFramboise/Pearson
Chapter Objectives
As a result of reading this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Discuss how standardized tests are used with infants and young children.
2. Describe the steps in standardized test design.
3. Explain the differences between test validity and test reliability.
4. Describe considerations for selecting and evaluating standardized tests.
Various methods and purposes for measuring and evaluating infants and young children were discussed in Chapter 02. In this chapter, wewill look at some ways that standardized tests are used with infants and young children. Specific examples of standardized tests and theirpurposes will be discussed.
How are standardized tests different from other kinds of measures? We will discuss how standardized tests are designed and then verifiedto make sure they measure the desired characteristics. Test validity and reliability are explained, as well as their effects on the dependabilityof the test.
Previous section
Next section
3.1 How Standardized Tests Are Used with Infants and Young Children
Types of Standardized Tests
Many types of standardized tests are available for use with infants and young children. All are psychological tests, whether they measureabilities, achievements, aptitudes, interests, values, or personality characteristics. In the following sections, we will discuss each of these types oftests.
Ability refers to the current level of knowledge or skill in a particular area. Three types of psychological tests—intelligence tests, achievementtests, and aptitude tests—are categorized as ability tests because they measure facets of ability. Young children are often measured todetermine the progress of their development. This type of measure may assess ability in motor, language, social, or cognitive skills. Bayley’sScales of Infant Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) (Bayley, 2005), for example, is used to diagnose delays in development. More recently, theBSID-III was designed to learn about overall development. Children with intellectual disabilities might be assessed for adaptive functioning.Instruments such as the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland™ II) (Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Balla, 2005) are administeredthrough parent and primary caregiver reports to determine communication, social, and daily living skills.
Achievement is the extent to which a person has acquired certain information or has mastered identified skills. An achievement test measuresability in that it evaluates the child’s achievement related to specific prior instruction. The Peabody Individual Achievement Test—Revised-Normative Update (PIAT-R/NU) (Markwardt, 1997) is a measure of achievement in mathematics, reading recognition, reading comprehension,spelling, and general information.
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The Effect of Breastfeeding on
Children’s Cognition
Alghamdi
Comparative Analysis
Research Question what are the effects of breastfeeding on children’s cognition?
This analysis is intended to summarize the two studies of interest and attempt to answer the research question.
Study one: Breastfeeding and child cognitive outcomes
Study two: The effect of breastfeeding on child development at 5 years: A cohort study
Article #1 Summary
Conducted by: Jiang, M., Foster, E., & Gibson-Davis
Purpose: To investigate the the effects of breastfeeding duration and initiation on children’s cognition (perception).
This study took into account previous studies, and it intended to discover the deficiencies that other studies have on the same topic area.
This study focused on confounding variables that can intervene with results.
Article # 1 Summary(Methodology)
Design
The method used is correlational study since it studied the relationship between breastfeeding and cognition. There were 3,271 participants selected from The Child Development Supplement(CDS).
Materials
Tests
1-Woodcock Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-Revised(WJ-R), which examines cognitive abilities in different areas, such as present progress position and proficiency in math and literacy(Reading).
2-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) tests, which examines children’s capability to deal with information in memory( working memory).
Article # 1 Summary(Methodology)
Materials(Continue)
The Child Development Supplement(CDS)
is a part of The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The participants and their families where selected from CDS. Also, CDS provides information concerning children and their families, such as cognitive abilities, children’s families and neighborhood conditions (Health).
1997 CDS interviews
Previous literature
CDS Data
Article # 1 (Methodology)
Data collection procedures
Variables
1-Cognition data were collected from tests mentioned.
2-Breastfeeding initiation and period are the independent variables and were collected from 1997 CDS interviews. Breastfeeding can be divided into four groups: not once breastfeed, less that 6 months, between 7 months and year and more than a year.
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Article # 1 (Methodology)
A-Children confounding variables
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Article # 1 (Methodology)
Data analysis Procedures
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Child Abuse & Neglect
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chiabuneg
Research article
Clout or doubt? Perspectives on an infant mental health service for
young children placed in foster care due to abuse and neglect
Fiona Turner-Hallidaya,⁎, Gary Kaintha, Genevieve Young-Southwarda,
Richard Cotmoreb, Nicholas Watsona, Lynn McMahona, Helen Minnisa
a Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
b NSPCC, London
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Infant mental health
Decision-making
Foster care
Evidence
Social work
Child abuse/neglect
A B S T R A C T
Despite knowledge about the profound effects of child abuse and neglect, we know little about
how best to assess whether maltreated children should return home. The effectiveness of the New
Orleans Intervention Model (NIM) is being tested in a randomized controlled trial where the
comparison is social work ‘services as usual.’ The future trial results will tell us which approach
produces the best outcomes for children; meanwhile qualitative process evaluation is generating
intriguing findings about the perceived impact of NIM on decision-making about childrens’ fu-
tures. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with social workers, foster carers, legal de-
cision-makers and the NIM team (n = 63). Data were analysed thematically. Findings suggest
that NIM is seen as bringing greater influence (‘clout’) to decision-making due to its depth of
focus, provision of treatment for the family, health professional input and perceived objectivity.
Simultaneously, the NIM approach and the detailed information it produces potentially throws
judgments into doubt in the legal system. Clout/doubt perceptions permeate opinions about NIM
and are inter-related with a historical discourse about ‘health versus social’ models of information
gathering, with implications for assessment of child abuse and neglect that extend beyond the
study context. The juxtaposition of ‘clout versus doubt’ both highlights and is strengthened by an
intense focus among social workers and legal professionals on how evidence will be regarded
within legal fora when making decisions about children. There is continuing uncertainty in the
child welfare system about the best ways of assessing maltreated children, underscoring a con-
tinued need for the trial.
1. Introduction
1.1. The need for quality assessment in the complex world of child abuse and neglect
Research continues to document the profound personal and societal costs of childhood abuse and neglect (e.g., Caspi et al., 2016;
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). We know that one of the key factors in establishing a child’s resilience to such
effects is positive and emotionally responsive caregiving post-maltreatment (Dozier, Bick, & Bernard, 2011; Dozier,
Zeanah, & Bernard, 2013). What is less well known, however, is how best we can make the complex decision about whether a child
http://dx.doi ...
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DEFINITION: a brief definition of the key term followed by the APA reference for the term; this does not count in the word requirement.
SUMMARY: Summarize the article in your own words- this should be in the 150-200 word range. Be sure to note the article's author, note their credentials and why we should put any weight behind his/her opinions, research or findings regarding the key term.
DISCUSSION: Using 300-350 words, write a brief discussion, in your own words of how the article relates to the selected chapter Key Term. A discussion is not rehashing what was already stated in the article, but the opportunity for you to add value by sharing your experiences, thoughts and opinions. This is the most important part of the assignment.
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Social Science & Medicine 58 (2004) 1367–1384
Effective/efficient mental health programs for school-age
children: a synthesis of reviews
Gina Browne
a,b,
*, Amiram Gafni
a,b,c
, Jacqueline Roberts
a,b
, Carolyn Byrne
a
,
Basanti Majumdar
a,d
a
System-Linked Research Unit (SLRU), School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
b
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CE&B), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
c
Centre for Health Economics & Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
d
Primary Health Care for Women of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health problems, some of which seem to be occurring among younger cohorts, leads
researchers and policy-makers to search for practical solutions to reduce the burden of suffering on children and their
families, and the costs to society both immediate and long term. Numerous programs are in place to reduce or alleviate
problem behaviour or disorders and/or assist positive youth development. Evaluated results are dispersed throughout
the literature. To assess findings and determine common elements of effective children’s services, a literature search was
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Running head DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY1DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY.docx
Running head: DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY 1
DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY
Developmental Delay
Obinna Okwara
Southern New Hampshire University
Developmental Delay
Each kid unique and each grows in his or her particular pace and style. You may be concerned if your child is not yet slithering or strolling when numerous companions are as of now showing this ability. In any case, recall that there are varieties in common improvement. Is your newborn child or youngster demonstrating noteworthy postponements or diverse examples of accomplishing significant turning points? This could be an indication of a development issue. These are illustrations: children who cannot keep up sitting by the tenth month or a tyke whose legs get solid each time he tries to move over. Older children may also display atypical development if they are not ready to eat with utensils or dress or disrobe, or on the off chance that they experience difficulty cutting with scissors or drawing (Estes et al., 2009).
Developmental delay alludes to a youngster who is not accomplishing breakthroughs inside of the age scope of that typical variability. 'There are five key identifiers for the development issue that make up the formative points of the milestone. A youngster might have a formative postponement in one or a greater amount of these ranges:
Gross motor: utilizing a vast group of muscles to sit, stand, walk, and run, and so on. Keeping adjust and evolving positions.
Fine motor: using hands and fingers to have the capacity to eat, draw, dress, play, compose and do numerous different things.
Language: talking, using non-verbal communication and emotions, conveying and understanding what others say.
Cognitive: Thinking abilities including learning, understanding, critical thinking, thinking and recalling.
Social: Interacting with others, having associations with family, companions, and instructors, coordinating and reacting to the sentiments of others
Ways to identify child development delay
Development Screening: A developmental screening test is a rapid and general estimation of abilities. Its aim is to distinguish kids who need further assessment. A screening test is just intended to identify children who may have an issue. The screening test might either over-distinguish or under-recognize kids with delay (Estes et al., 2009).
Developmental Evaluation: A developmental evaluation is a long, inside and out the appraisal of a child's aptitudes and ought to be managed by an exceptionally prepared proficient, for example, a therapist. Evolution tests are used to make a profile of a child's qualities and shortcomings in every single development range (Estes et al., 2009).
Population
Commonly, there is an age extent of an entire where a child is required to take in these new capacities. In case, the customary age range for walking is 9 to 15 months, and a child still is not walking around 20 months, this would be seen as a developmental deferral. Parent of the influenced childr ...
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CORE Group Global Health Practitioner Conference 2019
14Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
1
4
Discrete Trial Training (DTT) effect on children with ASD
Introduction
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that affects the development of an individual affecting their behaviour and the ability to communicate (Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2021). In most cases, this disorder exhibits its symptoms within the initial two years of an individual, despite its diagnosis being plausible for individuals of all ages. Persons diagnosed with this disorder often have repetitive behaviours and restricted interests, find it difficult to partake in social interactions and communication with others, and show other symptoms that may impede the individual's ability to perform well in school, work and several other aspects of life ("Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2021). The individuals diagnosed with the disorder will, in some cases, be reliant on their families and individuals close to them for help and support. Despite the disorder's potency as a life-long condition, some services and treatments are provided, helping an individual diagnosed with the condition improve the quality of their life. It is also important to note that the disorder has several different variations; hence, the spectrum of different characteristics, unique to every diagnosed individual.
According to studies conducted, one in fifty-four children is diagnosed with the disorder in the United States, occurring in children of all racial backgrounds and socioeconomic groups ("Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder | CDC," 2021). According to the same report, the disease is four times more likely to occur in boys than in girls. Between 2009 to 2017, the number of children aged between 3-17 years diagnosed with development disorders, inclusive of ASD, increased from 16.2% to 17.8%. (Ünlü et al., 2018). In the use of discrete trial training (DTT), children are taught a plethora of skills, which include academic, language, and social skills, necessary to facilitate their development. In the treatment of ASD, options are limited. However, early diagnosis, coupled with behaviour interventions, is considered to have the best outcomes in managing the disorder's symptoms (Masi et al., 2017).
The prevalence of ASD in children has been noted to rise significantly in the population (Masi et al., 2017; "Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder | CDC," 2021), affecting a larger portion of the population. This number of affected individuals is projected to rise even higher in the coming years, a problem in society that needs to be addressed. In the treatment of the disorder, drug interventions, while widely used, have failed to prove their efficiency in improving or managing symptoms in most cases (Masi et al., 2017). The treatment options for the disorder are also very limited. The use of drug interventions, early diagnosis, and early behavioural interventions is very expensive and inaccessible to many individuals affected by the condition. Identifying the disorder i ...
My topic The purpose of my study will be to focus attention on h.docx
My topic : The purpose of my study will be to focus attention on how to help newly brought children (preschoolers) adapt to the new environment at the child care, given that the children have never been to such environments before.
a. Your research question(s)
· How will parents respond to the program and on the issue of leaving their child in an environment away from home? A brief overview of your intervention and how students will benefit
· How far will this program go in helping children adopt more quickly to new environments?
· What kind of staff is needed to ensure the efficiency of this program?
b. How you propose to implement it
· The implementation of this program will involve observing children who are put under the new program and having others who are not under the program. The ones who are not on the program will act as a control experiment because differences will be made regarding how quickly each group takes to adapt to a new environment in school. It is safe to conclude the implementation will take months of observation.
c. The ethical considerations you will address
· The ethical concern that may potentially present itself in this case is would be in relation to voluntary consent.
· The other concern pertains to the use of the information collected for the study. It is imperative that such information only be revealed to relevant parties and only used for the sole purposes disclosed to participants in the study.
d. How you plan on collecting data?
· Data will come from testing the children and assessments.
· These tests are very useful since they help to show a comparison of how a child adopts without the program and how much faster or slower they will adopt with the program that gauging effectiveness.
· Assessing the different child needs proves to be the best collection tool for this question since it helps to identify the positions that need to be filled and by what people so as to meet the needs of the preschoolers.
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Ethics in Research
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University Affiliation
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The ethical .
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Power point research robert bornmann
- 1. Robert Bornmann January 27, 2011 EDUU325