This document provides an overview of atomic structure including the basic particles that make up atoms and their properties. It discusses that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged and found in the nucleus. Neutrons have no charge and are also found in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged and orbit around the nucleus. The number of protons determines what element an atom is. Atoms can gain or lose electrons to become ions with positive or negative charges. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

3. Power Notes – Atomic Structure 1. All Matter 2. What are Atoms? Is made up of tiny particles called atoms . Smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still keep its properties . EX: one atom of gold still has all the properties of gold….but if you split the atom it is no longer gold. Class Notes Topic: ________________________ Questions/Main Ideas: Name ________________________________________ Class ________________________________________ Period ________________________________________ Date _____________________________________ Notes:

4. 3. How do we know what we know about atoms? 4. How big is the atom? Most of what we know was discovered throughout history from indirect observations .(without ever seeing an image) The diameter is about one hundred-millionth of a centimeter (0.00000001 cm)

5. 7. What is a neutron? Found in the nucleus (center) of the atom No charge Mass of 1 amu 5. What are the basic particles of an atom? There are three different types of particles ; protons , neutrons and electrons They are called subatomic particles Found in the nucleus (center) of the atom Positively charged Mass of 1 amu ( a tomic m ass u nit) 6. What is a proton?

6. 8. What is an electron? Found orbiting outside the nucleus of the atom Negative charge Mass of 1/1840 amu This particle determines how the element will bond This particle also determines the charge of the atom Positive Only protons (+) and neutrons (no charge) in the nucleus No other particles to cancel out the + particles in this space 9. What charge does the nucleus have? Why?

7. 12. What does a model of the atom look like? Pg. 174 in your text. Label : proton, neutron, electron & nucleus. Label their charges. Color each particle a different color 10. What part of the atom take up the most space?(volume) The electron cloud EX: If the center of an atom was the size of a bee, the atom would be as big as a football stadium The nucleus (contains protons and neutrons) Both subatomic particles have 1 amu 11. Which part of the atom has the most mass?

8. 15. Are there atoms that are charged? Yes , they are called IONS Ions will have more or less electrons than protons PLASMAS contain IONS 13. If all elements are made up of atoms, how do we know which element we are looking at? Each element has their own unique amount of protons No two elements have the same amount of protons Count the protons in the nucleus and you can identify what element you are looking at Atoms found on the Periodic Table are electronically neutral . They have the same # of protons (+) and electrons (-),. Their charges cancel each other out. 14. What charge do the atoms have?

9. 18. The atomic number tell you the number of? # of Protons # of Electrons if the atom is neutral 16. Periodic Table Connection Each element box contains all the information for finding the number of subatomic particles Label the CARBON box using the key on pg. 196 17. How do you read the Periodic Table box? (pg. 196)

10. 21. How do you know which is the most common ISOTOPE of an element? Round the atomic mass EX : Li 6.9 Most common Isotope = Li 7 Cu 63.5 Most common Isotope = Cu 64 19. The atomic mass tells you the number of? Protons plus the number of Neutrons In other words: the mass of the nucleus Round the atomic mass to the nearest whole # Subtract the Atomic Number from the Atomic Mass Your answer represents the # of neutrons in the most common isotope of an element 20. How do you find the # of neutrons

11. 24. Illustrate , Label & Color the 3 different forms of Hydrogen (pg. 175) *Clue: Tritium has one electron & 1 proton….how many neutrons? 22. What is an ISOTOPE? Same element with a different # of neutrons Hydrogen 1, 2 & 3 or Protium, Deutirium and Tritium All have 1 proton Different # of neutrons in the nucleus 23. What is an example of an ISOTOPE?

12. 25. How are the ISOTOPES similar? Same # of protons Same element Review: Use your notes to help answer the Review questions.

13. Introduction to Density + Cornell Notes- Due Wednesday Corrections+ Parent Signature on Test #2 – Due Friday End of the Quarter is Friday.