This document discusses biological classification and Carl Linnaeus' contributions. It explains that Linnaeus classified living things into plant and animal kingdoms and devised a system of seven hierarchical levels of classification - species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom. The document provides examples to illustrate each level of classification and notes Linnaeus laid the foundation for modern taxonomy by systematically classifying organisms.

3.  Grouping of
different types of organisms based
on similarities

4. Branch of biology
that deals with
classification of
living things

5.  Carl Linnaeus classified the living world as plant
kingdom and animal kingdom
 Carl Linnaeus suggested different levels of
classification on the basis of similarities and
differences and devised the system of naming each
organism scientifically .
 Hence he is considered the father of scientific
classification

6.  PLANT KINGDOM  ANIMAL KINGDOM

7.  All plants are included in the Kingdom Plantae
 Plants vary greatly in form and size. The body is
usually asymmetrical. In higher forms of plants
structures like leaves and plants have a definite
form and shape
 Multicellular organisms which do not have the
power the locomotion

8.  Nutrition in plants is usually autotrophic.
 The body of the plant is composed of cells. All the
cells of the plant body have a distinct cell wall and
nucleus
 Plants have reserve food as starch
 Plants grow throughout their life span

9.  All animals are included in this kingdom
 Body of animals exhibits a definite symmetry ,
form and shape.
 Animals can move from one place to another.
 Animal body is also made up of cells, the cells, the
cells do not have the cell wall.
 Animals cannot prepare food by themselves hence
they are heterotrophic

10.  Carl Linnaeus[1700’s]
 All organisms are
divided into seven
levels of classification

12.  These are the seven levels in the classification of
plants and animals
 Each kingdom is classified in to many phylum's
and each phylum is classified in to many classes
 In Animal kingdom each class is divided in to many
series
 But in plant kingdom each class is divided in to
many series

13.  The order of each animal kingdom series of each
plant kingdom is divided in to many families
 Each family is divided in to many Genus and each
genus is divided in to many species

14.  The basic unit of classification is species.
 One kind of organisms that can mate with each
other and produce fertile offspring.
 The members of organisms of two different species
cannot interbreed.
 The off spring produced in interspecific breeding
may be fertile.
 Eg; tiger-a species named tigris

15.  Closely related species are united to
form genus
 EG:- Panthera [ lion , tiger , cheetah ]

17.  Group of similar genera constitute a family
 EG:- Felidae [ cheetah ,lion , tiger ]

19.  Similar families are grouped into order
Eg:- Carnivore [ flesh eating animals in mammalian]

21.  Similar orders are grouped in to
class
Eg:-Mammalia [ those who give birth to young ones
and feed them with milk ]

23.  Similar classes are grouped under next category
called phylum
 Eg:- chordata [ animals having vertebral column ]

25.  Kingdom represents the highest category in which
all similar phyla are grouped in to order
 EG : - Animalia , plantae

26.  Living organism are numerous and highly
diversified in their character.
 These organisms are classified into different
groups for better approach and understanding
 Carolus Linnaeus classified the living organism in
systematic manner.
 This kingdom of classification laid the base for
modern classification and was quite a reasonable
at that period of time ,plants and animals could be
quite easily distinguished.

27.  Dr.B.B.Arora and A.K Sabharwal [2010]: a text book
of biology std : XII , Modem publication
 Dr.E.Valsala kumar [2004] : A text book of botany
and zoology , Trivandrum publications
 Kumar Pushkar and Dr. A.P Singh[2011]: A
textbook of CSIR –UGC Life science , Upakar
publications.