Made by Wannaphong Durongkaveroj, Student at Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
This ppt benefit everyone who interests in the social problems about poverty and income inequality in Asia.
Inflation and its Impact on Pakistan Economy Muzafar hussainMuzafar Hussain
State Bank of Pakistan has been entrusted with the responsibility to formulate and conduct monetary and credit policy in a manner consistent with the Government’s targets for growth and inflation and the recommendations of the Monetary and Fiscal Policies Co-ordination Board with respect to macro-economic policy objectives. The basic objective underlying its functions is two-fold i.e. the maintenance of monetary stability, thereby leading towards the stability in the domestic prices, as well as the promotion of economic growth.
Inflation and its Impact on Pakistan Economy Muzafar hussainMuzafar Hussain
State Bank of Pakistan has been entrusted with the responsibility to formulate and conduct monetary and credit policy in a manner consistent with the Government’s targets for growth and inflation and the recommendations of the Monetary and Fiscal Policies Co-ordination Board with respect to macro-economic policy objectives. The basic objective underlying its functions is two-fold i.e. the maintenance of monetary stability, thereby leading towards the stability in the domestic prices, as well as the promotion of economic growth.
This ppt file contains complete information about galobalization and its very simple to present because its very relitive to the topic.
I present this to my class and got 10/10.
Its well designed and much easy to view the whole globalization .Its contains detaid information about globalization causes of globalization effects of globalization law of globalization and analysis of advantages and disadvantages of globalization.
I you pick this presentation you just need to change the name because it don't have unrelated constants.
Political Economy of a Post-Colonial State; Economic Development of PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
Despite all the ups and downs, Pakistan is now the 26th largest economy in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity, (44th largest in terms of nominal GDP). With per capita income of US$ 4550, Pakistan occupies at 140th place on this count in the world, thanks to her burgeoning population of 200 million people. Pakistan is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that, along with the BRICs, have a potential to become one of the world's large economies in the 21st century. By 2050, with an estimated GDP of $3.33 trillion, Pakistan is expected to become world’s 18th largest economy, according to Goldman Sachs. However, this progress is not as impressive as it looks or should have been keeping her potential. Similarly her dismal social indicators, structural anomalies and income disparities leave much to be desired.
This presentation sums up the development experience—what Pakistan did marvellously, what it did marginally and where it failed miserably during her development journey. It ends with an the lessons other developing countries can learn from this development experience of Pakistan.
Characteristics of underdeveloped economiesGeorgi Mathew
discussing the features of under developed or developing countries with special reference to India. helpful for school and college who try to understand the characteristics of Indian economy from the angle of developing economy.
This ppt file contains complete information about galobalization and its very simple to present because its very relitive to the topic.
I present this to my class and got 10/10.
Its well designed and much easy to view the whole globalization .Its contains detaid information about globalization causes of globalization effects of globalization law of globalization and analysis of advantages and disadvantages of globalization.
I you pick this presentation you just need to change the name because it don't have unrelated constants.
Political Economy of a Post-Colonial State; Economic Development of PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
Despite all the ups and downs, Pakistan is now the 26th largest economy in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity, (44th largest in terms of nominal GDP). With per capita income of US$ 4550, Pakistan occupies at 140th place on this count in the world, thanks to her burgeoning population of 200 million people. Pakistan is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that, along with the BRICs, have a potential to become one of the world's large economies in the 21st century. By 2050, with an estimated GDP of $3.33 trillion, Pakistan is expected to become world’s 18th largest economy, according to Goldman Sachs. However, this progress is not as impressive as it looks or should have been keeping her potential. Similarly her dismal social indicators, structural anomalies and income disparities leave much to be desired.
This presentation sums up the development experience—what Pakistan did marvellously, what it did marginally and where it failed miserably during her development journey. It ends with an the lessons other developing countries can learn from this development experience of Pakistan.
Characteristics of underdeveloped economiesGeorgi Mathew
discussing the features of under developed or developing countries with special reference to India. helpful for school and college who try to understand the characteristics of Indian economy from the angle of developing economy.
Global Health Inequalities: Focus on Asia-PacificRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 11, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
POVERTY :- MEANING
WHO ARE POOR PEOPLE
WHAT IS POVERTY LINE
VARIANTS
CATEGRISING POVERTY
CAUSES
EFFECTS
VIEWS
POVERTY IN INDIA
POLICIES
DISIMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES
CONCLUSION
The Other Half Please respond to the 2 following questions in 1 .docxssusera34210
"The Other Half" Please respond to the 2 following questions in 1 paragraph
· Based on the Webtext materials and article below, address the following:
· According to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), out of a population of seven billion people in the world, nearly three billion are caught in the poverty trap by having to live on $1 to $2 a day. What do people spend this money on and what can governments do to alleviate this crisis?
Standard of Living in the Developing World
What follows is some information about the quality of life in the developing world. The purpose is primarily to answer the question, “What problems do people in the developing world generally list as particularly important?”
Summary
· Self-reported life satisfaction: The average resident of a low-income country rated their satisfaction with their living standards as 4.3 using a subjective 1-10 scale, while the average was 6.7 among residents of G-8 countries.
· Incomes: A large proportion of the population in developing countries lives on under $1 or
$2 per day. The poor spend a large proportion of their incomes on food, may lack access to basic infrastructure, and own few productive assets. However, they do make consumption choices that involve spending on things other than food and use a variety of instruments to manage erratic income streams. Ownership of televisions and radios and access to electricity and sanitation varies widely.
· Mortality: On one hand, people in Sub-Saharan Africa are much worse off, and much more likely to die prematurely, than people in wealthier parts of the world. On the other hand, those who live past the age of 5 have strong chances of living to age 60 or so; saving a life even from a single cause of death means saving a person who is likely to live quite a while longer.
· Morbidity: A third of children under five in developing countries show evidence of long-term
malnutrition. Malnutrition can cause low energy, diarrhea, anemia, hypothyroidism, poor vision and pneumonia, as well as an increased susceptibility to many other diseases. The prevalence of parasitic worm infection is very high in many poor regions. Malaria causes frequent sickness among children under 5, who average over 4 days of sickness with the disease per year.
· Development Priorities: Sub-Saharan Africans rank reducing poverty and hunger as the two most pressing Millennium Development Goals.
Are people in poor countries less satisfied with their lives?
The 2006 Gallup World Poll asked a representative sample of people from 132 countries to answer questions about their well-being. Examples include asking respondents to rank their life satisfaction on a scale from 0 to 10 and to answer the question, "Are you satisfied or dissatisfied with your personal health?" This data has been used to look at the relationship between level of economic development (income, health status, etc.) and self-reported well-being. The World Poll data shows a positive correl ...
This is make my M.B.M. Muhammad Basit Mehtab . Student of BBA 7nd semester. To declare the poverty it’s a effects and causes and its solution and for make awareness in peoples and for purpose of knowledge and make the healthy and serious topic to solve them.
It is a full presentation about the economy of the Southeast Asia.
Acknowledgement : this presentation stems from two parts, firstly, it's my own made presentaion from collecting data from many sources such as world bank, UN statistics, and ADB. Also, it's conglomeration of many slide presentation, especially, about the financial situation in region from many academicians. It is my grateful to say Thanks for all of the presentation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
13. Perspective
Poverty
have inadequate
The inability to income or
access for a education, or be in
minimal poor health, or
standard of feel powerless, or
living lack political
freedoms.
16. Relative Poverty
Judged by
standard of
country
Standard
referred to
Relative term of
society
Different
among
countries
17. National Poverty Line
Standards and definitions vary
across different countries
poverty line deemed appropriate for National Poverty
a country by its authorities Line
Based on population-weighted
Subgroup estimates from
household surveys
20. Asia’s performance
Sustained Economic Growth Poverty and income
inequalities exist
Country’s performance ASIA A majority of the world’s
quite varies poorest people today
a majority of the world's population
Asian poverty being
Concentrated in South Asia.
21.
22. Divergence
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
The data and
statistics affirm Some of Asia has
that gap between shown good Asia, holding the
the rich and the progress on largest
poor has poverty in recent populations, still
grown, rather than years, like China has many
diminished, with and South Korea extreme poor
sustained growth
in income
23. Perspective
Broader concept than poverty
Define entire population
Inequalities Does not emphasize on the poor
Difference in level of living
The rich and The poor
24. Inequalities
• When economy achieve
economic growth
• Ideally, benefits should
distribute to individuals equally
• In fact, it accrues to some
members other than others
25. The extent of concept
Inequalities refer to the uneven
distribution of income across the
population or individuals within society
The gap between the rich is inevitably
consequence of growth and
development
the high inequality raises a moral
question about fairness and social
justice
26. Measurement of Poverty
1. Headcount Index
It’s the proportion of poor people in the population or the headcount ratio (HCR).
q
HCR
n
Where q refers to the number of individual below a given poverty line, and n refers to the
total number of individuals in country.
For example, Thai’s poverty line 2010 is 1,678 Thai Baht or approximately
$54 per month. There are 5.1 million individuals live below the poverty line. And our
population is about 66 million people.
Thai’s HCR = 7.72%
So, headcount here would show us that 7.72% of total population is in poverty.
27. Measurement of Poverty
2. Using the poverty line that called the international poverty line
It can use to compare among many countries by some standard. The
World Bank uses two lines for what can be called poverty (percentage of
household live in $2 per day) and extreme poverty (percentage of
household live in $1 per day)
Nowadays, there is the national poverty line that stems from
concerning about the difference in each country about population, economic
condition and so on. So, the national poverty lines vary in each country.
28. Measurement of Inequality
1. Using percentage share of income
We divide the population into 5 groups (Quintiles) or 10 groups
(deciles), and consider about what percentage share of income that
each group receives. Ideally, each group has to get income or
benefit equally, but it does not like this due to uneven distribution
which leads to inequality.
29. Ideally
Income Category Percentage share of income
Lowest Quintile 20%
Second Quintile 20%
Third Quintile 20%
Fourth Quintile 20%
Highest Quintile 20%
30. In fact (data from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-
world-factbook/fields/2047.html) Thailand -2009
Income Category Percentage share of
income
Lowest deciles 1.6%
Second deciles N/A
Third deciles N/A
Fourth deciles N/A
Fifth deciles N/A
Sixth deciles N/A
Seven deciles N/A
Eight deciles N/A
Ninth deciles N/A
Highest deciles 42.6%
Highest Quintile is higher than lowest Quintile about 25 times.
31. China - 2008
Income Percentage share of
Category income
Lowest deciles 3.5%
Second deciles N/A
Third deciles N/A
Fourth deciles N/A
Fifth deciles N/A
Sixth deciles N/A
Seven deciles N/A
Eight deciles N/A
Ninth deciles N/A
Highest deciles 15%
Highest Quintile is higher than lowest quintile about 4.3 times
32. Singapore - 2008
Income Category Percentage share of
income
Lowest deciles 4.4%
Second deciles N/A
Third deciles N/A
Fourth deciles N/A
Fifth deciles N/A
Sixth deciles N/A
Seven deciles N/A
Eight deciles N/A
Ninth deciles N/A
Highest deciles 23.2%
Highest Quintile is higher than lowest quintile about 5.27 times
33. Japan – 2008
Income Category Percentage share of
income
Lowest deciles 1.9%
Second deciles N/A
Third deciles N/A
Fourth deciles N/A
Fifth deciles N/A
Sixth deciles N/A
Seven deciles N/A
Eight deciles N/A
Ninth deciles N/A
Highest deciles 27.5%
Highest Quintile is higher than lowest quintile about 14.5 times
34. Measurement of inequalities
2. Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient
Lorenz curve gives information on the
distribution of income. It’s a rough index of
income inequality.
35.
36. Lorenz Curve
The horizontal axis gives the percentage of households.
The vertical axis gives the percentage of nation’s
income. The green line or 45-degree line is called line of
equal distribution or egalitarian line.
Note that no nation has a Lorenz curve such as green
line. The degree of inequality typically prevails.
From the information in Lorenz Curve, we can get the
Gini index, which measure the degree of inequality for
any income distribution by calculating the ratio of area
between the Lorenz curve and 45-degree line.
37.
38. Gini Coefficient
Area A
So, Gini Index (G) =
AreaA AreaB
If the Gini coefficient were equal to
zero, the Lorenz curve would be the
45-degree line. The closer to zero, the
more equal about income distribution.
39. Gini Coefficient and Tax
Gini Coefficients are often calculated for pretax and posttax
income distribution. If the Gini coefficient is lower for the
posttax, it means that taxes have served the function of
reducing income inequality.
For example, on average in 2000s,
Japan’s Gini coefficient pretax is 0.462
Japan’s Gini coefficient posttax is 0.329
It means that imposition achieve the target of reducing
inequalities
41. SUMMARY
China 2010 ranks the world's 2nd largest economy. It is the
world's fastest-growing major economy with consistent growth rates of
around 9% over the past 30 years since 1980. At that time, economic
reforms initiated after 1978 began to generate significant and steady
growth in investment, consumption and standards of living.
China is also the largest exporter and second largest importer
of goods in the world. The country's per capita GDP was $7,544 in
2010. Especially, the provinces in the coastal regions of China tend to
be more industrialized while regions in the hinterland are less
developed.
42.
43. Two sector : agriculture and industry
The two most important sectors of the economy are
agriculture and industry. The two sectors differs in many
terms including technology, labor productivity, and
incomes that have advanced rapidly in industry than in
agriculture.
Agricultural output follows the effects of weather, while
industry is directly influenced by the government. The
disparities between the two sectors have combined to
form an economic-cultural-social gap between the rural
and urban areas.
44.
45. Coastal and Inland Problems
Economic development is more rapid in coastal than in
the inland area, and there are large disparities in per
capita income between these regions. The three
wealthiest regions are in the southeast coast, centred on
the Pearl River Delta; along the east coast, centred on
the Lower Yangtze River; and near the Bohai Gulf, in the
Beijing–Tianjin–Liaoning region.
It is the rapid development of these areas that
is expected to contribute to the Asian regional
economy growth, and Chinese government policy is
designed to remove the obstacles to accelerated
growth in these wealthier regions.
46.
47. 5 Policies to reduce inequalities
:
China Western Development for increasing economic situation of
the western provinces through capital investment and development
of natural resources.
Revitalize Northeast China, to renew the industrial bases in
Northeast China covered the three provinces of
Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning
Rise of Central China Plan to boost the development of its central
regions. It covers six provinces:
Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi.
Third Front, focused on the southwestern provinces.
Go Global, to encourage its enterprises to invest overseas.
48. Introduction Policies Conclusion
Problem & Background Causes of Problem Solutions & Advices
49. Problem Cause Impact
China’s regional
inequality,
Rapidly growing China’s especially
internal income economic reform between its
inequality in 1978 inland and
coastal regions,
has risen
considerably
50. Regional Differences
Inland regions have less favorable
natural conditions for
agricultural production.
Long distance of inland regions limits Geography plays a
the access to seaports and
international market.
role in producing
Geography also affects
regional development
52. Fiscal
Globalization Marketization
Conclusion
decentralization
- Enhance trading -Weaken the financial -Make an ownership
- make a connection to capacities of the central transformation
others government - market flexibility
Target - impair its abilities to - effectively absorbed
redistribute resources surplus rural labor into
among region for an industrial production
equity
-Considerable autonomy -It took place only -Lead to many non
Coastal - enjoy Tax treatment coastal area state enterprise
- preferential allocation - Especially the new - rapid economic
Benefit
of resource rich provinces growth
-Inland’s FDI is less than -Insufficient revenue -Inland ownership
Coastal’s FDI, so it is - heavier fiscal burden transformation has
attractive investor to - a worse investment been carried out more
invest in coastal more environment slowly
Inland than inland area - inland regions have
effect - lack of opportunities to been lacking behind in
grow due to small developing key market
magnitude of investment. institution
54. Gini Coefficient
Year Philippines Taiwan
1985 0.410 0.290
1988 0.406 0.303
1991 0.438 0.308
1994 0.429 0.318
1997 0.462 0.320
2000 0.461 0.326
2003 0.445 NA
2006 0.440 NA
55. Share of Total Income of the
Poorest Quintile and the Richest
Quintile
Philippines
Year Poorest 20% Richest
20%
1988 5.2 51.8
1991 4.7 53.9
1994 4.9 52.0
1997 4.4 55.5
2000 4.4 54.8
2003 4.7 53.4
59. Causes of income inequality in
Philippines
• Dynastic political culture
Institution • Corruption
• Landlocked
Geography • Frequency of typhoons hitting the
province
• Lack of adequate education
Education opportunity in the country
60. Causes of poverty in Philippines
Nonperforming
Declining revenue Poor investment
loans in the banking
collection climate
sector
Governance
Gradual loss of structure, corruption
international and inefficiency in
competitiveness economic
management
61.
62.
63. Conditions for development in
Taiwan
Good
governance
Reformed
the health
insurance
system
Taiwan
government
expanded the
availability of
higher education
65. Global distribution of income
Manage
property
right
Lower Promote
trade economic
barriers activity
Globalization
66. Other ways to reduce poverty and inequality
Open Economy in overall sectors
Land reform
Inherence tax
Welfare state
Green Revolution
Technological process
International consensus