The document discusses the evolution and advancements in poultry vaccine technologies, highlighting various types such as immune complex, vector, sub-unit, and gene-deleted vaccines. It addresses challenges in the poultry industry, including new diseases, production systems, and the need for effective disease control solutions. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of developing efficacious and safe vaccines that meet the evolving demands of poultry producers.

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Marcelo PANIAGO
Director Global Veterinary Services - Poultry
Ceva Santé Animale
Libourne - France

3.  Evolution of the poultry industry
 New technology vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines
 Conclusion Sponsors
Content of the presentation

4. Evolution poultry industry
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 Protection against mortality
 No post-vaccination reactions
 Reduction of shedding
 Easy to apply
 No interference with MDA
 Long lasting immunity
 Cost effectiveness
 Etc
www.poultry.allotment.org.uk www.engormix.com
 Protection against mortality

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6. Factors of the evolution of the vaccines
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 New diseases
New production systems
New genetics (breeds)
Better understanding of the diseases
New technologies
New requirements from the users
Others

7. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

8. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

9. Immune-complex vaccines
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IBDV
Production in
Embryonated
SPF eggs
Virus suspension
VP2
IBDV vaccine
strain

10. Immune-complex vaccines
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Specific antibodies VPI
(Virus Protecting Factor)
IBDV
+
Production in
Embryonated
SPF eggs
Virus suspension
Production in
SPF chickens
Flocks
antiserum
VP2
IBDV vaccine
strain

11. Advantages & Shortcomings
 No interference with MDAIBDV
 Continuous protection (passive
then active)
 Active immunity protects
against all types of IBDV
 Vaccine virus spreads and
compensate (partly) for sub-
optimal vaccine application
 Administered in the hatcheries
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 Not recommended for layers

12. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

13. Vector “HVT” vaccines
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Non essential
gene
HVT = Vector
HVT
Insertion site
Inserted F
Protein gene
HVT
VECTOR
rHVT-F
NDV
F protein
F protein gene
NDV genome
NDV

14. Advantages & Shortcomings
 Evade maternally derived
antibodies
 Administration in the hatchery
 Cyclical replication in the host
expressing the antigen
 Continuous stimulation of the
immune system.
 Long-lasting immunity (latency)
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 Onset of immunity depends on
the replication of the HVT
 It requires good cold chain
management (Liquid nitrogen)
 Early infection with Marek’s
Disease virus may reduce its
efficacy.

15. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

16. Vector “cassete” vaccines
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Inserted
HA gene
from
H5N1 HPAIV
HVT
Same vector / same construct / different inserts
Inserted
HA gene
from
H7N3 HPAIV
HVT

17. Advantages & Shortcomings
 Very quick response to any
changes in the prevalence of field
virus
 Cyclical replication in the host
expressing the antigen
 Continuous stimulation of the
immune system.
 Long-lasting immunity
 Administration in the hatchery
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 Several regulatory issues that
have to be discussed with
authorities
 Onset of immunity depends on
the replication of the HVT
 Early infection with Marek’s
Disease virus may reduce its
efficacy.
 It requires good cold chain
management (Liquid nitrogen)

18. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

19. Sub-unit vaccines
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IBDV
VP2
VP2 gene
IBDV genome
IBDV = Donor
bacteria or yeast

20. Sub-unit vaccines
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IBDV
VP2
VP2 gene
IBDV genome
IBDV = Donor
bacteria or yeast

21. Sub-unit vaccines
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IBDV
Variant E
VP2
VP2 gene
IBDV genome
IBDV = Donor
bacteria or yeast
Inactivated vaccine

22. Advantages & Shortcomings
 Possibility to increase the
antigenic mass in the vaccines
(higher titers)
 Reduced cost of production
 Animal welfare friendly
approach
 There is no risk of reversion to
virulence
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 The protective antigen has to be
known.
 It is necessary to use adjuvants
(tissue reactions)
 Immune response is limited to
humoral antibodies
 Individual injection is time
consuming and manpower
demanding

23. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

24. Gene-deleted vaccines
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One or more “non essential” genes for the growth and
immunogenicity but related to the pathogenicity of the
microorganisms are eliminated.

25. Advantages & Shortcomings
 Safer vaccines from pathogenic
microorganisms
 Possible application in the
hatchery or mass application in the
farms
 Do not elicit humoral antibody
response
 Differentiation between
vaccinated and infected animals
(DIVA) strategy
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 Possibility to reverse to
virulence?
 Limited duration of immunity
 Need of revaccinations in the
farms
 Affected by anti-infective
compounds (Salmonella or E.coli).

26. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

27. Reverse genetic vaccines
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SOURCE: Zoetis (Fort Dodge) leaflet

28. Advantages & Shortcomings
 Improve the yield in SPF (or
clean) eggs during the production
of vaccines.
 Possibility of producing vaccines
closer to field virus (H5N1).
 Less risks in case of problems
during inactivation.
 Differentiation between
vaccinated and infected animals
(DIVA) strategy.
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 Interference with MDA in case
of early administration
 Immune response is limited to
humoral antibodies
 Tissue reactions after injection
 Individual administration is time
consuming and manpower
demanding

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30. Vaccine technologies – Duration of immunity
Source: Palya et al. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,158, 105–115, 2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
3 4 6 10 15 25 33 40 55 72
%ofprotection
Age of challenge (weeks)
Clinical protection after challenge

31. Vaccine technologies – Duration of immunity
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24 vaccination interventions
14 vaccination interventions

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33. Food for thoughts …
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 The poultry industry is changing extremely quickly
and it has brought new challenges to producers:
Huge production complexes located in very densely
populated areas;
High stocking densities in the farms;
High disease pressure;
Poorly qualified workers,
Pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics
Pressure to improve the welfare etc

34. Food for thoughts …
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 Within this new context, new technology
vaccines will help to overcome these challenges.
 More efficacious and safer vaccines;
 Applied in the hatcheries;
 Long duration of immunity;
 Able to reduce the shedding of the pathogens
 Able to reduce the workload in the farms;
 The poultry vaccines of the future should be
what poultry producers will ask for!

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marcelo.paniago@ceva.com

36. Marcelo Paniago
Ceva Santé Animale - France
Director Global Veterinary Services - Poultry
www. Ceva.com
Email: marcelo.paniago@ceva.com
Phone: +33 668 54 3931
Contact
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