These slides show how that long-term reductions in the cost of electricity from wind turbines have primarily come more from increasing the scale (rotor diameter and tower height) of wind turbines. See my other slides for details on concepts, methodology, and other new industries..
Wind Turbines: Will they ever become economically feasible? Jeffrey Funk
The cost electricity from wind turbines is still too for most situations and the cost of electricity has fallen very slowly over the last 30 years (about 2% a year). Even worse, the costs have risen over the last two years. These slides show that the falling costs of electricity from wind turbines are primarily from increases in the scale of wind turbines and that the recent increases are probably from increasing the scale of the rotor diameter too much. Increases in the rotor diameter and the height of towers have directly and indirectly led to reductions in the cost of electricity from wind turbines. They have directly led to reductions in cost because the output of a wind turbine is a function of diameter squared and they indirectly led to reductions in cost because output is a function of wind speed cubed and larger wind turbines can handle higher wind speeds. The major challenge for further increasing the scale of wind turbines is finding materials for the turbine blades that have higher strength to weight ratios. Finally, several new wind turbine designs may also lead to lower costs of electricity from wind turbines.
Wind Turbines: Will they ever become economically feasible? Jeffrey Funk
The cost electricity from wind turbines is still too for most situations and the cost of electricity has fallen very slowly over the last 30 years (about 2% a year). Even worse, the costs have risen over the last two years. These slides show that the falling costs of electricity from wind turbines are primarily from increases in the scale of wind turbines and that the recent increases are probably from increasing the scale of the rotor diameter too much. Increases in the rotor diameter and the height of towers have directly and indirectly led to reductions in the cost of electricity from wind turbines. They have directly led to reductions in cost because the output of a wind turbine is a function of diameter squared and they indirectly led to reductions in cost because output is a function of wind speed cubed and larger wind turbines can handle higher wind speeds. The major challenge for further increasing the scale of wind turbines is finding materials for the turbine blades that have higher strength to weight ratios. Finally, several new wind turbine designs may also lead to lower costs of electricity from wind turbines.
what is air borne wind energy system and how it is work and types of wind energy system history of air borne wind energy system mathematical calculation related to awes all are in this pdf
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
Design of Adjustable Blade Wind Turbine for Constant Generated PowerRajeev Kumar
Wind turbines use the kinetic energy of the wind for generating the electricity by using ac generators.
The produced energy mainly depends on the wind speed and the swept area of the turbine. As the wind speed increases accordingly the dimensions of the blades of wind turbine reduces. The blades are made auto adjustable with the help of stepper motor and control unit mounted on it.
The wind turbine blades power and efficiency has been measured at different tip-speed-ratios and a maximum efficiency of 30% at 1.27 N/m3 air density.
Present work gives an insight into the design aspects of a wind turbine, like turbine blade design, wind power and output power calculation. This paper presents an idea to maintain the generated power constant at variable wind speed by changing the blade dimensions
Wind Power Plant Presentation (Seminar PPT) Jay Sonar
Power Point Presentation On Wind Energy and Wind Turbine & Its Components. Full Seminar Presentation For Diploma And Engineering Students. Easy and Understandable Format.
Thanks. Follow & keep Presenting.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This is advancement on energy sector specially in conventional wind turbine by energy kite. It works at higher altitude where air becomes more stable and strong.
This project of Maglev windmill on the implementation of an alternate configuration of a wind turbine for power generation purposes. Using the effects of magnetic repulsion, spiral shaped wind turbine blades will be fitted on a rod for stability during rotation and suspended on magnets as a replacement for ball bearings which are normally used on conventional wind turbines. Power will then be generated with an axial flux generator, which incorporates the use of permanent magnets and a set of coils.
Subscribe My Youtube Channel For More Support....
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjI2ahxNNvYRc1X5hQIE78A
LOW EXPENSE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE USING PERMANENT MAGNETSIAEME Publication
Wind turbines are devices that convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power. The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of horizontal axis and vertical axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making small contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, have become an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used in many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE IAEME Publication
The principle objective of this project is Rural Electrification via hybrid system which includes wind and solar energy. Our intention is to design a wind turbine compact enough to be
installed on roof tops. So we decided to design a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) over Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT). Advantages of VAWT over HAWT are compact for same electricity generation, less noise, easy for installation and maintenance and reacts to wind from all directions.
The wind turbine designed to generate electricity sufficient enough for a domestic use. The electricity generated will be stored in the battery and then given to the load. This project emphasizes on electrification of remote areas with minimum cost where load shading still has to be done to meet with demand of urban areas.
what is air borne wind energy system and how it is work and types of wind energy system history of air borne wind energy system mathematical calculation related to awes all are in this pdf
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
Design of Adjustable Blade Wind Turbine for Constant Generated PowerRajeev Kumar
Wind turbines use the kinetic energy of the wind for generating the electricity by using ac generators.
The produced energy mainly depends on the wind speed and the swept area of the turbine. As the wind speed increases accordingly the dimensions of the blades of wind turbine reduces. The blades are made auto adjustable with the help of stepper motor and control unit mounted on it.
The wind turbine blades power and efficiency has been measured at different tip-speed-ratios and a maximum efficiency of 30% at 1.27 N/m3 air density.
Present work gives an insight into the design aspects of a wind turbine, like turbine blade design, wind power and output power calculation. This paper presents an idea to maintain the generated power constant at variable wind speed by changing the blade dimensions
Wind Power Plant Presentation (Seminar PPT) Jay Sonar
Power Point Presentation On Wind Energy and Wind Turbine & Its Components. Full Seminar Presentation For Diploma And Engineering Students. Easy and Understandable Format.
Thanks. Follow & keep Presenting.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This is advancement on energy sector specially in conventional wind turbine by energy kite. It works at higher altitude where air becomes more stable and strong.
This project of Maglev windmill on the implementation of an alternate configuration of a wind turbine for power generation purposes. Using the effects of magnetic repulsion, spiral shaped wind turbine blades will be fitted on a rod for stability during rotation and suspended on magnets as a replacement for ball bearings which are normally used on conventional wind turbines. Power will then be generated with an axial flux generator, which incorporates the use of permanent magnets and a set of coils.
Subscribe My Youtube Channel For More Support....
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjI2ahxNNvYRc1X5hQIE78A
LOW EXPENSE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE USING PERMANENT MAGNETSIAEME Publication
Wind turbines are devices that convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power. The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of horizontal axis and vertical axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making small contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, have become an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used in many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE IAEME Publication
The principle objective of this project is Rural Electrification via hybrid system which includes wind and solar energy. Our intention is to design a wind turbine compact enough to be
installed on roof tops. So we decided to design a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) over Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT). Advantages of VAWT over HAWT are compact for same electricity generation, less noise, easy for installation and maintenance and reacts to wind from all directions.
The wind turbine designed to generate electricity sufficient enough for a domestic use. The electricity generated will be stored in the battery and then given to the load. This project emphasizes on electrification of remote areas with minimum cost where load shading still has to be done to meet with demand of urban areas.
Performance of a Wind System: Case Study of Sidi Daoud SiteIJERA Editor
This paper describes recent developments of systems for the conversion of wind energy. It presents a modeling and simulation of wind energy conversion system at the site of Sidi Daoud using the experimental results obtained by the services of the company STEG and Madee. We determined the performance of machines based on site properties and dimensional characteristics of the device.
Impact of Different Wake Models on the Estimation of Wind Farm Power GenerationWeiyang Tong
For citations, please refer to the journal version of this paper,
by Tong et al., "Sensitivity of Wind Farm Output to Wind Conditions, Land Configuration, and Installed Capacity, Under Different Wake Models", J. Mech. Des. 137(6), 061403 (Jun 01, 2015) (11 pages), Paper No: MD-14-1339; doi: 10.1115/1.4029892
available at:
http://mechanicaldesign.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=2173776
“Design and Analysis of a Windmill Blade in Windmill Electric Generation System”IJERA Editor
Wind turbine is a standout amongst the most imperative wellsprings of renewable vitality. Wind turbine extricate active vitality from the wind. A little wind turbine cutting edge was composed and examined in this work. The power execution of little flat hub wind turbines was mimicked in detail utilizing altered blade element momentum methods (BEM). Another sharp edge was planned utilizing diverse assault points (i.e.0o , 5o , 10o ), distinctive speed (4m/s, 5m/s and 12m/s) and rotor span (0.5m and 1m). From this we discover harmony length and power yield hypothetically. Likewise, we chose material for proposed sharp edge.
Review of a Shrouded Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speedsdbpublications
The use of renewable energy is promoted
worldwide to be less dependent on fossil fuels
andnuclear energy. Therefore research in the field
is driven to increase efficiency of renewable energy
systems. This study aimed to develop a wind
turbine for low wind speeds. The extent of power
increase, or augmentation, the factors influencing
shrouded wind turbine performance, the optimal
geometry and economical benefit remained
unanswered.
The most important matter at hand when dealing
with a shrouded wind turbine is to determine if the
overall diameter or the blade diameter of the
turbine should be the point of reference. As the
wind turbine is situated in a shroud that has a larger
diameter than the turbine blades, some researchers
believe that the overall diameter should be used to
calculate the efficiency Theory was revised to
determine the available energy in the shroud after
initial calculations showed that the power
coefficients should have been higher than the open
wind turbine with the same total diameter. A new
equation was derived to predict the available
energy in a shroud.
Design of Lattice Wind Turbine Towers With Structural OptimizationIJERA Editor
This article aims to study the self-supporting truss towers used to support large wind turbines in areas with high altitude. The goal is to evaluate and validate numerically by finite element method the structural analysis when the lattice structures of the towers of wind turbines are subjected to static loads and these from common usage. With this, it is expected minimize the cost of transportation and installation of the tower and maximize the generation of electricity, respecting technical standards and restrictions of structural integrity and safety, making vibration analysis and the required static and dynamic loads, thereby preventing failures by fractures or mechanical fatigue. Practical examples of towers will be designed by the system and will be tested in structural simulation programs using the Finite Element Method. This analysis is done on the entire region coupling action of the turbine, with variable sensitivity to vibration levels. The results obtained for freestanding lattice tower are compared with the information of a tubular one designed to support the generator with the same characteristics. At the end of this work itwas possible to observe the feasibility of using lattice towers that proved better as its structural performance but with caveats about its dynamic performance since the appearance of several other modes natural frequency thus reducing the intervals between them in low frequency and theoretically increase the risk of resonance.
An Overview of Wind Power Generation and Design Aspects in Indiaijiert bestjournal
There is huge activity in wind power,pan-India with the instal led capacity increasing to 10,000MW. India today has the fifth largest installed capacity of wind power in the world w ith 11087MW installed capacity and potential for on-shore capabilities of 65000MW. However the plant load factor (PLF) in wi nd power generation is very low,often in the single digits. The increase in interest in wind energy is due to inves tment subsidies,tax holidays,and government action towards renewable energy playing a big part in nation�s energy system. T here is a need to generate environment friendly power that not only raises energy efficiency and is sustainable too. The time has come for moving to generation based subsidies and understanding the drawbacks associated with wind power in India. The capital cost of wind power is third higher than Conventional thermal power;further electrical problems like v oltage flicker and variable frequency affect the implementation of wind farm. However advances in technologies such as offshore construction of wind turbines,advanced control methodologies,and simulation of wind energy affecting over all grid performance are making a case for wind energy.
This paper presents a new method (the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO)) of arranging turbines in a wind farm to achieve maximum farm efficiency. The powers generated by individual turbines in a wind farm are dependent on each other, due to velocity deficits created by the wake effect. A standard analytical wake model has been used to account for the mutual influences of the turbines in a wind farm. A variable induction factor, dependent on the approaching wind velocity, estimates the velocity deficit across each turbine. Optimization is performed using a constrained Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The model is validated against experimental data from a wind tunnel experiment on a scaled down wind farm. Reasonable agreement between the model and experimental results is obtained. A preliminary wind farm cost analysis is also performed to explore the effect of using turbines with different rotor diameters on the total power generation. The use of differing rotor diameters is observed to play an important role in improving the overall efficiency of a wind farm.
The "Unproductive Bubble:" Unprofitable startups, small markets for new digit...Jeffrey Funk
This article will show that the current bubble has produced few profitable startups and involved few if any new digital technologies, nor technologies involving recent scientific advances, and thus it is unlikely that much that is productive will be left once the dust settles. There is a growth in old technologies such as e-commerce but little in new technologies such as AI. The startup losses are also much larger than in the past suggesting that fewer of today’s startups will still exist in a few years than those of 20 years ago.
Commercialization of Science: What has changed and what can be done to revit...Jeffrey Funk
This paper several changes that I believe may have reduced America’s ability to develop science-based technologies. I make no claims about the completeness. I begin with the growth of university research and then cover several changes it engendered, including an obsession with papers, hyper-specialization of researchers, and huge bureaucracies, also using the words of Nobel Laureates and other scientists to make my points.
2000, 2008, 2022: It is hard to avoid the parallels How Big Will the 2022 S...Jeffrey Funk
These slides summarize the recent share price declines for new startups, declines that are driven by huge annual and cumulative losses and it contrasts today's bubble with those of 2000 and 2008. It shows that today's bubble involves bigger startup losses than those of the 2000 bubble and that the markets of new technologies have not grown to the extent that those of past decades did. Many hedge funds, VCs, and pension funds are heavily invested in these startups. Some of them are also highly leveraged.
The Slow Growth of AI: The State of AI and Its ApplicationsJeffrey Funk
The failure of IBM Watson, disappointments of self-driving vehicles, slow diffusion of medical imaging, small markets for AI software, and scorching criticisms of Google’s research papers provide evidence for hype and disappointment in AI, which is consistent with negative social impact of Big Data and AI algorithms. There are some successes, but they are much smaller than the predictions, with virtual applications (advertising, news, retail sales, finance and e-commerce) having the largest success, building from previous Big Data usage in the past. Looking forward, AI will augment not replace workers just as past technologies did on farms, factories, and offices. Robotic process automation and natural language processing are likely to play important roles in this augmentation with RPA automating repetitive work, natural language processing summarizing information, and RPA also putting the information in the right bins for engineers, accountants, researchers, journalists, and lawyers. Big challenges include reductions in training time depending on faster computers, exponentially rising demands on computers for high accuracies in image recognition, a slowdown in supercomputer improvements, datasets riddled with errors, and reproducibility problems.
Behind the Slow Growth of AI: Failed Moonshots, Unprofitable Startups, Error...Jeffrey Funk
Smaller than expected markets, money-losing startups, failure of Watson, slow-diffusion of self-driving vehicles and medical imaging, and scorching criticisms of Google’s research papers are some of the examples used to characterize the hype of AI. There are some successes, but they are much smaller than the predictions, with advertising, news, and e-commerce having the biggest success stories. Looking forward, #AI will augment not replace workers just as past technologies did on farms, factories, and offices. Robotic process automation and natural language processing are likely to play important roles in this augmentation with #RPA automating repetitive work, natural language processing categorizing information, and RPA also putting the information in the right bins for engineers, accountants, researchers, journalists, and lawyers. The big challenges include exponentially rising demands on computers for high accuracies in images, a slowdown in supercomputer improvements, datasets riddled with errors, and reproducibility problems. See either this podcast or my slides, whose URL is shown in comments. #technolgy #innovation #venturecapital #ipo #artificialintelligence
The Troubled Future of Startups and Innovation: Webinar for London FuturistsJeffrey Funk
These slides show how the most successful startups of today (Unicorns) are not doing as well as the most successful of 20 to 50 years ago. Today's startups are doing worse in terms of time to profitability and time to top 100 market capitalization status. Only one Unicorn founded since 2000 has achieved top 100 market capitalization status while six, nine, and eight from the 70s, 80s, and 90s did so. It is also unlikely that few or any of today's Unicorns will achieve this status because their market capitalizations are too low, share prices increases since IPO are too small, and profits remain elusive. Only 14 of 45 had share price increases greater than the Nasdaq and only 6 of 45 had profits in 2019. The reasons for the worse performance of today's Unicorns than those of 20 to 50 years ago include no breakthrough technologies, hyper-growth strategies, and the targeting of regulated industries. The slides conclude with speculations on why few breakthrough technologies, including science-based technologies from universities are emerging. We need to think back to the division of labor that existed a half a century ago.
Where are the Next Googles and Amazons? They should be here by nowJeffrey Funk
Great startups aren’t being founded like they were in the 1970s (Microsoft, Apple, Oracle, Genentech, Home Depot, EMC), 1980s (Cisco, Dell, Adobe, Qualcomm, Amgen, Gilead Sciences), and 1990s (Amazon, Google, Netflix, Salesforce.com, PayPal). All of these startups reached the top 100 for market capitalization, but Facebook is the only startup founded since 2000 which has entered the top 100. Tesla and Uber are often discussed as highly successful but they have many times higher cumulative losses than did Amazon at its time of peak losses and neither has had a profitable year despite being older than Amazon was when it achieved profits. Furthermore, few of the recent Unicorn IPOs have experienced shareprice increases greater than those of the Nasdaq (14 of 45), only 3 of these 14 have profits, and only six of them have a
market capitalization over $30 (Zoom), $20 (Square), and $10 billion (Twilio, DocuSign, Okta). America’s venture capital system isn’t working as well as it once did, and the coronavirus will make things worse before the VC system gets better.
Start-up losses are mounting and innovation is slowing, but venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, consultants, university researchers, and business schools are hyping new technologies more than ever before. This hype is facilitated by changes in online media, including the rise of social media. This paper describes how the professional incentives of experts and the changes in online media have increased hype and how this hype makes it harder for policy makers, managers, scientists, engineers, professors, and students to understand new technologies and make good decisions. We need less hype and more level-headed economic analysis and this paper describes how this economic analysis can be done. Here is a link to the journal, Issues in Science & Technology: www.issues.org
Irrational Exuberance: A Tech Crash is ComingJeffrey Funk
These slides apply Nobel Laureate Robert Schiller's concept of irrational exuberance (and a book) title to the current speculative bubble of 2019. Over investments in startups and a lack of profitability in them are finally starting to catch up with the venture capital industry and the tech sector that relies on it. Investments by US venture capitalists have risen about six times since 2001 causing the total invested in 2018 to exceed by 40% the peak of 2000, the last big year of the dotcom bubble. But the number of IPOs has never returned to the peak years of 1993 to 2000; only about 250 were carried out between 2015 and 2017 vs. about 1,200 between 1995 and 1997.
The reason is simple: startups are taking longer to go public because they are not profitable. Consider the data. The median time to IPO has risen from 2.8 years in 1998 to 7.7 years in 2016 and the ones going public are less profitable than they were in the past. Although only 22% of startups going public in 1980 were unprofitable, 82% were unprofitable in 2018. The same high percentages of unprofitability have only been achieved twice before, in 1998 and 1999 right before the dotcom bubble burst. Furthermore, startups that have recently done high profile IPOs such as Snap, Dropbox, Blue Apron, Fitbit, Trivago, Box, and Cloudera are still not profitable.
Ride Sharing, Congestion, and the Need for Real SharingJeffrey Funk
Current ride sharing services are not financially sustainable. Although they provide more convenience than do taxi services, they are experiencing massive losses because they have the same cost structure as do taxis and thus must compete through subsidies and lower wages. After all, they use the same vehicles, roads, and drivers, and only GPS algorithms and phones are new.
They also increase congestion. Just as more private vehicles or taxis on the road will increase congestion, more ride sharing vehicles also increase congestion.
These slides describe new ways to use the technologies of ride sharing to reduce congestion along with costs while at the same time keeping travel time low. This can be done through changing public transportation systems or allowing private companies to offer competing services. For instance, current bus services, whether they are private or public, need to use the algorithms, GPS, phones and other technologies of ride sharing to revise routes, schedules and the premises that currently underpin public transportation. There is no reason a bus should be certain size, stop every 200 meters, or follow the same route all day. Algorithms and phones enable new types of routes in which designers simultaneously minimize time travel and maximize number of passengers transported per vehicle.hour.
Using the percent of top managers in IPOs (initial public offering) as a proxy for an industry’s/technology’s scientific intensity, this paper shows that the percentage of IPOs and of venture capital financing for science-based technologies has been declining for decades. Second, the percentage of PhDs among the top managers in science intensive industries is also declining, suggesting that their scientific intensities are falling. Third, the age of these top managers rose during the same period suggesting that the importance of experiential knowledge has increased even as the importance of PhDs and thus educational knowledge has decreased. Fourth, the numbers of IPOs and of venture capital funding are not increasing for newer science-based industries such as superconductors, solar cells, nanotechnology, and GMOs. Fifth, there are extreme diseconomies of scale in the universities that produce the PhD-holding top managers, suggesting that universities are far less effective at doing research than are companies. These results provide a new understanding of science and technology, and they offer new prescriptions for reversing slowing productivity growth.
This paper addresses the types of knowledge that are needed in entrepreneurial firms using a unique data base of executives and directors for all IPOs filed between 1990 and 2010. Using highest educational degrees as a proxy for educational knowledge, it shows that 85% of those with PhDs are concentrated in the life sciences and ICT (information and communication technology) industries and second, that those in the ICT industries are concentrated at lower layers in a “digital stack” of industries, ranging from semiconductors and other electronics at the bottom layer to computing and Internet infrastructure at the middle layer and Internet content, commerce, and services in the top layer. Third, industries with fewer PhDs have more bachelor’s and MBA degrees suggesting that PhDs are being replaced by them and not M.S. degrees. Fourth, age is higher for industries with the most PhDs thus suggesting a greater need for experiential knowledge in industries with greater needs for educational knowledge. Fifth, the number of Nobel Prizes tracks industries with high fractions of PhDs.
beyond patents:scholars of innovation use patenting as an indicator of innova...Jeffrey Funk
This paper discusses the problems with using patents as a measure of innovation and papers as a measure of science. It also uses data to show the problems. for example, the number of patent applications and awards have grown by six times since 1984 while productivity growth has slowed.
These slides discuss how to put context back into learning. Farm and other work at home once provided a context for learning, but this context has become much weaker as work at home as mostly disappeared Students once learned mostly from parents because they worked on farms, fixed things at home, and prepared meals. These activities provided a "context" for school learning, a context that has been mostly lost. These slides discuss how this context can be put back into learning and the implications for the types of people best suited for teaching and the way to train them.
Technology Change, Creative Destruction, and Economic FeasibiltyJeffrey Funk
After showing that the costs of most electronic products are from electronic components, these slides show how the iPhone and iPad became economically feasible through improvements in microprocessors, flash memory, and displays.
These slides show that the demand for most professions is growing steadily in spite of continued improvements in productivity enhancing tools for them. They also show that AI will have a largely incremental effect on the professions, in combination with Moore's Law, cloud computing, and Big Data. They do this accounting, legal, architects, journalists, and engineers.
Solow's Computer Paradox and the Impact of AIJeffrey Funk
These slides show why IT has not delivered large improvements in productivity and why new forms of IT like AI will also not deliver large improvements, except in selected sectors. The main reason is that the improvements in AI are over-hyped and because most sectors do not have large inefficiencies in the organization of people, machinery, and materials.
What does innovation today tell us about tomorrow?Jeffrey Funk
This paper was published in Issues in Science and Technology. It distinguished between the Silicon Valley and science-based process of technology change. It shows that more new products and services are emerging from the latter than the former.
Creative destrution, Economic Feasibility, and Creative Destruction: The Case...Jeffrey Funk
This paper shows how new forms of electronic products and services such as smart phones, tablet computers and ride sharing become economically feasible and thus candidates for commercialization and creative destruction as improvements in standard electronic components such as microprocessors, memory, and displays occur. Unlike the predominant viewpoint in which commercialization is reached as advances in science facilitate design changes that enable improvements in performance and cost, most new forms of electronic products and services are not invented in a scientific sense and the cost and performance of them are primarily driven by improvements in standard components. They become candidates for commercialization as the cost and performance of standard components reach the levels necessary for the final products and services to have the required levels of performance and cost. This suggests that when managers, policy makers, engineers, and entrepreneurs consider the choice and timing of commercializing new electronic products and services, they should understand the composition of new technologies, the impact of components on a technology's cost, performance and design, and the rates of improvement in the components.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
An introduction to the cryptocurrency investment platform Binance Savings.Any kyc Account
Learn how to use Binance Savings to expand your bitcoin holdings. Discover how to maximize your earnings on one of the most reliable cryptocurrency exchange platforms, as well as how to earn interest on your cryptocurrency holdings and the various savings choices available.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Authentically Social by Corey Perlman - EO Puerto Rico
Wind Turbines and their Potential for Cost Reductions
1. Geometric Scaling and Long-Run Reductions in Cost:The case of wind turbines SrikanthNarasimalu Ph.D. Student Jeffrey Funk Associate Professor Division of Engineering & Technology Management National University of Singapore
4. Preliminary Observation:Larger Wind Turbines are Being Installed
5. So Conventional Wisdom is Probably Not Very Relevant Cost of producing a product drops a certain percentage each time cumulative production doubles in so-called learning or experience curve (Arrow, 1962; Ayres, 1992; Huber, 1991; Argote and Epple, 1990; March, 1991) as automated manufacturing equipment is introduced and organized into flow lines (Utterback, 1994) Although learning curves do not explicitly exclude activities done outside a factory, the fact that these learning curves link cost reductions with cumulative production focuses policy and other analyses on the production of the final product imply that learning done outside of a factory is either unimportant or is being driven by the production of the final product If major impact of installing more wind turbines was on lowering manufacturing cost, firms would install small wind turbines so there would be high volumes of small blades, towers, etc.
6. Of Course, the Wind Doesn’t Blow Everywhere (and all the Time)
7. Wind Speed Measurements at 8,000 Stations Source: http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/002770.html
14. How Much Will this Contribution Increase in the Future? Blue is actual, red is forecasted World Wind Energy Association World Wind Energy Report 2009
15. The Future of Wind Power Will wind power continue to diffuse? Advantages It has lower carbon and other environmental emissions Disadvantages Wind doesn’t blow all the time (actual output about 1/3 of rated output) Wind is often far from large population centers, so transmission costs are high Wind turbines are considered ugly by many people Wind power is still more expensive than fossil fuels But will wind power become cheaper than fossil fuels Will countries continue to subsidize wind power or implement a carbon tax? Are wind turbines becoming cheaper on an cost per Watt basis?
16. Outline Overview of Wind Turbine Costs Theoretical Output from Wind Turbines (function of diameter squared, wind speed cubed) Empirical Data Power output vs. rotor diameter Impact of rotor diameter and other factors on rated wind speed Cost of wind turbines Implications of Analysis New materials are needed Are new designs needed? Where are the entrepreneurial opportunities?
17. Wind Farm Level Costs Wind energy: 75% of costs paid upfront Conventional power: less capital intensive – uncertain fuel and carbon costs Data source: EWEA for a 2MW Turbine.
19. Outline Overview of Wind Turbine Costs Theoretical Output from Wind Turbines (function of diameter squared, wind speed cubed) Empirical Data Power output vs. rotor diameter Impact of rotor diameter and other factors on rated wind speed Cost of wind turbines Implications of Analysis New materials are needed Are new designs Needed? Where are the entrepreneurial opportunities?
21. Three Key Dimensions in Geometric Scaling: 1) rotor diameter; 2) swept area of blades; and 3) hub or tower height
22.
23.
24. Empirical Data Finds Stronger Relationship Equation (2) Data source from Henderson et al.(2003) & manufacturer catalogue.
25. Reason for Discrepancy Above equation does not contain wind velocity: which as noted above has large impact on output It does not contain wind velocity since the turbines used for the collection of data on power and rotor diameter for Figure 3 operate under different wind speeds these wind conditions depend on the respective region The impact of rotor diameter and other factors on wind speed was investigated in four ways
26. First, relationship between diameter and maximum rated wind speed Best fit curve: Maximum rated wind speed = Data source: Hau (2008).
27. Second, data on efficiency of wind turbines was also collected Efficiency is the ratio of annual turbine power output compared to the energy available in the wind Less of wind can be harnessed at tips of blades than near center of the rotor
28. Third, Larger Rotor Diameter Better Utilizes Most Common Wind Speeds Data source: Vestas website
29. Fourth, Higher Towers, Higher Speeds Wind velocity is often lower near ground due to uneven terrain or buildings The factor alpha depends on the condition of the terrain and in particular on the impact of the terrain on wind friction and is usually about 0.32 Combining equations (4) and (1) leads to equation (5). Since the exponent for the ratio of the two heights is 3α, an α of 0.32 would cause a doubling of the tower height to result in a 94% increase in power output. Equation (4) Equation (5)
30. Comparison of Wind resource at different altitude (Indiana, USA) Data source: EWEA
31. Outline Overview of Wind Turbine Costs Theoretical Output from Wind Turbines (function of diameter squared, wind speed cubed) Empirical Data Power output vs. rotor diameter Impact of rotor diameter and other factors on rated wind speed Cost of wind turbines Implications of Analysis New materials are needed Are new designs Needed? Where are the entrepreneurial opportunities?
32. Cost of Wind Turbines More than 2/3 the cost of electricity from wind turbine farms comes from capital cost of wind turbine and almost half the capital costs are in tower and blades (Krohn et al, 2009) Beginning with tower, WindPACT analysis (Malcom and Hansen, 2006) found regression coefficient of 0.999 c = cost of steel ($/Kg); H = tower height; D = rotor diameter Comparing equations (5) and (6), output from turbine increases faster than costs as height is increased. For example, if alpha is 0.32 as was shown above and assuming a constant rotor diameter, increasing height from 10 meters to 20 meters would cause output to rise by 94% and costs to rise by 9 percent Equation (6)
33. Cost of the Rotor: Does not increase linearly Data source: Hau (2008) and EWEA (2010) .
34. Rotor Cost Per “Swept Area” of Turbine Blades (1) Equation (8) Equation (9) Compare them to Equation (2) in which Data source: Hau (2008) and EWEA (2010) .
35. Rotor Cost Per “Swept Area” of Turbine Blades (2) Benefits from increasing scale diameters < 50 meters; Yes diameters > 50 meters; Maybe Not “Maybe” because equation (2) does not take into account the impact of increased tower height or rotor diameter on maximum rated wind speeds or increased efficiencies. Including the increased efficiencies, maximum rated wind speeds, and greater tower heights, which are partly represented by equations (3) and (5) would provide a further improvements in our understanding of scaling would probably show some benefits to increases in scale
36. Cost of Blades (3) The reason for the change in slopes for < and > than 50 meters is that lighter, thus higher cost materials are needed: for diameters > 50 meters (carbon fiber-based blades). than for diameters < 50 meters (aluminum, glass fiber reinforced composites, and wood/epoxy). Early blades can be manufactured with methods borrowed from pleasure boats such as “hand lay up” of fiber-glass reinforced with polyester resin. Carbon-based blades require better manufacturing methods such as vacuum bagging process and resin infusion method that have been borrowed from the aerospace industry (Ashwill, 2004)
37. Outline Overview of Wind Turbine Costs Theoretical Output from Wind Turbines (function of diameter squared, wind speed cubed) Empirical Data Power output vs. rotor diameter Impact of rotor diameter and other factors on rated wind speed Cost of wind turbines Implications of Analysis New materials are needed Are new designs needed? Where are the entrepreneurial opportunities?
38. Remember the Conventional Wisdom Cost of producing a product drops a certain percentage each time cumulative production doubles in so-called learning or experience curve (Arrow, 1962; Ayres, 1992; Huber, 1991; Argote and Epple, 1990; March, 1991) as automated manufacturing equipment is introduced and organized into flow lines (Utterback, 1994) Although learning curves do not explicitly exclude activities done outside a factory, the fact that these learning curves link cost reductions with cumulative production focuses policy and other analyses on the production of the final product imply that learning done outside of a factory is either unimportant or is being driven by the production of the final product If major impact of installing more wind turbines was on lowering manufacturing cost, firms would install small wind turbines so there would be high volumes of small blades, towers, etc.
39. New Materials are Needed Stronger and lighter materials are needed for further increases in scaling Lighter materials are needed in order to reduce inertia of large rotors Stronger materials are needed to withstand high wind speeds Without new materials, there will be few (or no) benefits from further scaling Perhaps too large of wind turbines have already been installed
40. Material Technology Choice for Blades Note: Squared meters is for swept area of rotor Source (Srikanth, 2009)
41. Other Data on Blade Cost Also Reinforces Need for Better Materials Ref: Srikanth in JEC(2009).
42. Policy Implications Promote adoption of new materials and manufacturing processes for the turbine blades to continue the cost reductions in electricity from wind turbines. Support for this R&D (in form of direct funding or R&D tax credits) will probably have a larger impact on reducing costs of electricity from wind turbines than from merely subsidizing their implementation Subsidizing their implementation is partly based on notion that costs primarily fall as cumulative production rises (Arrow, 1962; Ayres, 1992; Huber, 1991; Argote and Epple, 1990; March, 1991), and as automated manufacturing equipment is introduced and organized into flow lines (Utterback, 1994)
43. One Caveat Maybe we have reached the limits to scaling Maybe it would be better if firms produced large volumes of “optimally” sized wind turbine
44. Outline Overview of Wind Turbine Costs Theoretical Output from Wind Turbines (function of diameter squared, wind speed cubed) Empirical Data Power output vs. rotor diameter Impact of rotor diameter and other factors on rated wind speed Cost of wind turbines Implications of Analysis New materials are needed Are new designs needed? Where are the entrepreneurial opportunities?
51. Implications for Policy Maybe policies should promote the development of these kinds of radical designs What are there costs? Will they benefit from increases in scale? Are new materials needed and what are the impact of these materials on costs of electricity? Remember that current policies just encourage the implementation of wind turbines
52. Outline Overview of Wind Turbine Costs Theoretical Output from Wind Turbines (function of diameter squared, wind speed cubed) Empirical Data Power output vs. rotor diameter Impact of rotor diameter and other factors on rated wind speed Cost of wind turbines Implications of Analysis New materials are needed Are new designs needed? Where are the entrepreneurial opportunities?