Posttraumatic stress disorder HY
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is caused by exposure to life-threatening trauma and is characterized by nightmares, flashbacks, avoidance of trauma reminders, and emotional and mood symptoms lasting over a month. Treatment involves trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy and antidepressants such as SSRIs and SNRIs.
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Schizophrenia
This document summarizes current trends in the treatment of schizophrenia. It discusses the causes and symptoms of schizophrenia and outlines typical drug treatments including typical and atypical antipsychotics. It then describes several current trends in schizophrenia treatment including the use of novel compounds that target additional receptors, partial dopamine agonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to enhance cognition, COX-2 inhibitors as an adjunctive immune treatment, and exploring the potential of human stem cells, though challenges remain.
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Migraine is characterized by episodic headaches that are typically unilateral and associated with symptoms like nausea, visual disturbances, photophobia, and phonophobia. It is believed to originate from changes in brain nerve cell activity and blood flow which can cause visual symptoms prior to headache onset. Treatment involves identifying and avoiding triggers, using over-the-counter pain relievers during attacks, and preventive medications if attacks occur frequently. Triptans and ergotamine are prescribed for acute attacks while beta-blockers and antidepressants are common preventive options.
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There are three main points covered in the document:
1. Psychosis is a thought disorder characterized by disturbances in reality, perception, cognition, and affect. It encompasses several mental disorders including schizophrenia.
2. Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis characterized by severe personality changes and thought disorders. It has an onset in late teens to early twenties and has both genetic and environmental risk factors.
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This presentation deals with the various medicines used in the treatment of depression and mania. The drugs used include MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibtors and atypical antidepressants with a brief mention of Lithium at the end
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Depression psychiatry
Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, and poor concentration. There are several types of depression including major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, postpartum depression, and seasonal affective disorder. Symptoms include feelings of sadness, changes in appetite and sleep, fatigue, anxiety, and thoughts of death or suicide. Depression is caused by genetic, environmental, biochemical and physiological factors and can be effectively treated with antidepressant medication, psychotherapy like CBT or IPT, and lifestyle changes to reduce stress and improve sleep and social support.
Depression and anxiety
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This document provides information on bipolar disorder including:
- The prevalence of bipolar disorder is estimated to be around 2% of the population, or about 17,800 people in Calgary.
- Common comorbid disorders include substance abuse issues (61% of people with bipolar disorder), anxiety disorders, narcissistic or borderline personality disorders.
- Adolescents presenting with bipolar disorder are more likely to experience delusions or be misdiagnosed with conduct disorder due to irritability.
- Treatments discussed include mood stabilizers like lithium, lamotrigine, valproate, atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine, and augmentation with thyroid hormone or anticonv
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The document provides an overview of depression, including:
1. Defining depression and outlining the diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV, including symptoms such as persistent sadness, loss of interest, changes in appetite and sleep.
2. Describing different types of depression such as major depression, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder, and discussing their symptoms.
3. Explaining various factors that can contribute to the development of depression including genetics, life stressors, medical conditions, and changes in the brain.
4. Outlining treatment approaches including antidepressant medications, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and the nursing care role in monitoring safety, providing support, and promoting wellness
Neurasthenia
Neurasthenia a psychiatric disorder has a huge history in America during late 19th-20th century, rediscovered by George Miller in the year 1869 and coined in the year 1829. It became a major diagnosis in North America.
ICD - International Classification of Diseases
DSM - diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Motor disorders in psychiatry
This document summarizes various motor disorders seen in psychiatry, including both subjective and objective motor disorders. Subjective motor disorders include obsessions/compulsions and delusions of passivity. Objective motor disorders include disorders of adaptive movements like expressive movements, reactive movements, and goal-directed movements. It also discusses various non-adaptive movements like tics, tremors, chorea, athetosis, and stereotypies. Other topics covered are motor speech disturbances, disorders of posture, and movement disorders associated with antipsychotic medication.
Treatment of schizophrenia
This document discusses the treatment of schizophrenia. It describes schizophrenia as a mental disorder characterized by disintegrated thought processes and emotions. It states that treatment depends on symptom severity and can include biological, psychodynamic, learning-based, psychosocial, and family interventions. Family counseling is emphasized to help patients and families understand the disease and different treatment options. Biological treatment primarily uses antipsychotic drugs, though some patients require newer medications.
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Scurvy (vitamin c deficiency) HY
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Panic disorder HY
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Intrauterine fetal demise HY
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Infectious mononucleosis is characterized by fever, tonsillitis or pharyngitis that may have exudates, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, fatigue, and possibly enlargement of the liver and spleen. Complications can include airway obstruction, autoimmune conditions affecting red blood cells or platelets, and rupture of the spleen.
Indications for urgent dialysis (aeiou) HY
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