Prepforprereg provides the recent news about pharmacy like CNS diseases which includes Insomnia, Migraine, Depression, Anxiety and many more which helps you to understand things deeply.

1. Central Nervous System Diseases
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2. What are CNS Diseases ?
The Central Nervous System is a very important part of
the nervous system which consists of spinal cord and
the brain. It is so named because it integrates
information it receives from, and coordinates and
influences the activity of, all parts of the bodies
of bilaterally symmetric animals—that is, all
multicellular animals except sponges and radially
symmetric animals such as jellyfish—and it contains
the majority of the nervous system. Diseases of any
component of the brain (including the cerebral
hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and
cerebellum) or the spinal cord. CNS diseases are also
known as CNS disorders.

4. Here is a list of types of CNS diseases. The following list
includes –
1. Insomnia
2. Depression
3. Anxiety
4. Migraine

5. Insomnia -
Insomnia is a sleeping disorder in which people face
trouble in sleeping. They may have difficulty falling
asleep, or staying asleep as long as
desired.[2][3] Insomnia is typically followed by daytime
sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed
mood.
Symptoms –
 Difficulty in falling asleep.
 Waking up too early in the morining
 Daytime tiredness or sleepiness
 Ongoing worries about sleep
 Irritability and problems with concentration during
daytime

7. Types Of Insomnia –
• Primary insomnia - problem is not associated with
other health complaints (e.g. anxiety)
• Secondary insomnia - problem is associated with a
condition, medicine, or ingested food/drink
Self Help Tips to Improve Insomnia –
 Exercise regularly – but do not do so within 4 hours of
bedtime.
 Don’t eat just before bed.
 Limit caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine.
 Stick to a regular sleep schedule.

8. Depression -
Depression is a mood disorder causing a persistent
feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Depression is a
state of low mood and aversion to activity that can
affect a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings
and sense of well-being.
Symptoms –
 Feeling guilty
 Feeling helpless
 Sleep disturbances
 Lack of interest or motivation
 Self harm and/or suicidal ideation

10. Treatment of Depression –
• Counselling – allows patients to talk through their
problems with trained professionals and formulate a
plan to overcome them.
• Cognitive behavioural therapy – aims to alter the way
a patient thinks and in doing so allows patients to
identify patterns of behaviour or thoughts that may be
precipitating symptoms of depression and alter them
accordingly.
• Drug treatment options – include SSRIs, MAOIs,
tricyclic antidepressants etc. There is little to choose
between the different classes of antidepressants in
terms of efficacy but SSRIs are safer in overdose and
have a more favourable side effect profile than the
other classes of antidepressants so should be
considered first line for treatment of depression

11. Anxiety -
• Anxiety is a feeling of worry, unease, or nervousness
about something with an uncertain outcome or fear of
current events. It is a natural response to danger and
can be a positive feeling but constant anxiety can be
overwhelming and have a negative impact on health,
relationships etc. There are several types of anxiety
disorder including general anxiety disorder, post
traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder,
obsessive-compulsive disorder, and phobias.

13. Symptoms –
• Sweating
• Muscle Tension
• Headaches
• Difficulty in concentrating
Some people who suffer anxiety may also suffer from
panic attacks. These episodes are associated with he
following symptoms
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Stomach Cramping normally
• Difficulty in breathing normally

14. Self help tips to improve anxiety –
• Exercise regularly
• Eat healthy diet
• Undertake relaxation techniques
• Seek assistance, support and advice from appropriate
healthcare professionals, support groups
• Remove stress triggers

15. Migraine -
Migraine is a kind of a headache of varying intensity,
often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light
and sound. Migraine is a primary headache
disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that
are moderate to severe.[1] Typically, the headaches
affect one half of the head, are pulsating in nature,
and last from two to 72 hours.
Symptoms –
• throbbing headache that often affects one side of the
head and is worse when moving
• Nausea & vomiting

17. • Perspiration
• Visual disturbance
• Pale colour
• About 20% of migraine sufferers will experience aura -
this is usually the first sign of a migraine attack. Aura
symptoms mainly include visual problems such as
blurred vision, flashing lights, zigzag patterns, or blind
spots. Additional aura symptoms include slurred
speech, and numbness or tingling sensation in arms,
legs or face.

18. Treatment –
• Lie down in a dark, quiet room. Sleeping often helps
• Analgesics e.g. aspirin, paracetamol, co-codamol
• Antiemetics - e.g. buclizine
• 5-HT1 receptor agonists (aka the triptans) - sumatriptan
is available over the counter for treatment of migraine
attack
Causes –
• Still poorly understood
• Originally thought that dilatation of blood vessels in the
brain was responsible for migraine symptoms but this a
highly debated and evidence is lacking
• Symptoms are instead now thought to occur due to
abnormal brain activity that interferes with nerve
transmission, neurotransmitters and blood vessels in
the brain

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