Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or other sources. The presentation of symptoms can be similar for viral and bacterial meningitis, including fever, headache, and stiff neck. However, bacterial meningitis requires urgent treatment with antibiotics to prevent serious complications. Public health follow-up includes identifying close contacts of bacterial meningitis cases who may require preventative antibiotics or vaccination. Health departments investigate suspected meningitis cases and outbreaks to control spread.