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The document describes an experiment to apply a relay for phase detection, phase failure, and load unbalancing. The procedure involves setting up a 3-phase generator and loads, and connecting a presence asymmetry & sequence failure phase relay. The relay is tested by introducing balanced and unbalanced loads, and changing the phase sequence of the generator voltage. When the load becomes unbalanced beyond 10% asymmetry or the phase sequence changes, the relay correctly operates after the set time delay, turning its LED off and contact open. The objective of applying the relay for phase monitoring is achieved.
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Unsymmetrical Fault
Learning Outcome
1.Symmetrical Components Theory
2.Sequence Impedance:Load,Line,Generator,Transformer
3.Fault Analysis : Line-Ground,Line-Line, Line-Line-Ground
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This document provides an overview of power system engineering concepts related to unbalanced system analysis. It begins with an introduction to symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults on three-phase systems. It then discusses percentage reactance and base KVA, the steps for symmetrical fault calculations, and an introduction to symmetrical components and sequence impedances. The document proceeds to explain single line-to-ground faults, line-to-line faults, and double line-to-ground faults. It provides examples of calculating fault currents and sequence components. In summary, the document covers fundamental concepts for analyzing faults in three-phase power systems, including symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, sequence components, and example calculations.
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This document provides an overview of symmetrical components for analyzing three-phase power systems. It introduces symmetrical components and how they can be used to simplify fault calculations. The key symmetrical components are defined as the positive, negative, and zero sequence components. Equations are presented to express the original unbalanced phase voltages and currents in terms of these symmetrical components. The significance of each component is described. Methods for calculating faults using symmetrical components are also outlined.
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Unsymmetrical Fault
Learning Outcome
1.Symmetrical Components Theory
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3.Fault Analysis : Line-Ground,Line-Line, Line-Line-Ground
UNSYMMETRICAL FAULTS IN POWER SYSTEM
This document provides an overview of power system engineering concepts related to unbalanced system analysis. It begins with an introduction to symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults on three-phase systems. It then discusses percentage reactance and base KVA, the steps for symmetrical fault calculations, and an introduction to symmetrical components and sequence impedances. The document proceeds to explain single line-to-ground faults, line-to-line faults, and double line-to-ground faults. It provides examples of calculating fault currents and sequence components. In summary, the document covers fundamental concepts for analyzing faults in three-phase power systems, including symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, sequence components, and example calculations.
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1. The document analyzes unsymmetrical faults using the bus impedance matrix method. It describes connecting sequence networks for positive, negative, and zero sequences for line-to-ground faults.
2. Current is injected into the faulted bus in each sequence network. Voltages are then calculated based on the impedances in the bus impedance matrices.
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Unit4questions
The document contains 13 problems related to calculating fault currents in synchronous generator and transformer systems. The problems involve determining line currents, voltages and sequence currents for different fault types including line-to-ground, line-line and line-line-ground faults. Sequence networks are formed and fault calculations are performed based on the given positive, negative and zero sequence reactance values of generators, transformers, transmission lines and other system components.
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Unsymmetrical fault in transmission line
This document discusses unsymmetrical faults in power systems. Unsymmetrical faults occur when a fault creates an imbalance in the system. There are three types of unsymmetrical faults: single line to ground fault, line to line fault, and double line to ground fault. Unsymmetrical faults can be analyzed using a bus impedance matrix that represents the positive, negative, and zero sequence network equivalents. The sequence components of the fault current are then calculated based on the voltage and appropriate sequence impedance terms for each type of fault.
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The document discusses automatic synchronization of generators, including:
1) Synchronization involves matching the frequency, voltage, and phase angle between two AC power sources or systems before connecting them.
2) Synchronization is achieved through automatic synchronizers that monitor these parameters and send a close signal once matching conditions are met.
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Solutions -unit4
1. A 3-phase fault occurs on a power system with a fault impedance of j0.16 pu. This causes fault currents on lines 1, 2 and 3 of -j2.5, -j0.625 and -j0.3125 pu respectively. The post-fault bus voltages are 0.5 pu on bus 1 and 0.75 pu on bus 2.
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The document discusses symmetrical components and their use in analyzing faults on electrical power systems. It explains that symmetrical components transform an unbalanced system due to a fault into three balanced sequence components: positive, negative, and zero. This allows the response of the system to be analyzed using simple circuit models and then transformed back into the original phase variables. Symmetrical components are important for performing calculations related to faults and helping relay operations understand system faults.
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3) Common event types discussed include multi-phase faults, stator ground faults, inadvertent energizing, overexcitation, loss-of-field, and generator breaker failures. Close attention to relay settings and logic is needed to mitigate risks.
Questions practice unit iv
1) A symmetrical short circuit occurs on a 22kV bus bar. The fault apparent power is 73MVA and the fault current is 1.91kA.
2) Fault current measurements for a 50MVA alternator allow calculation of its per unit sequence reactances as 1.403, 0.351, and 0.151.
3) For a 100MVA generator with given reactances, the sustained short circuit current is 2467A, initial breaker current is 16882A, and maximum DC current is not provided.
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This document is an electrical machines lab manual containing experiments on various electrical machines and components used in engineering college. It provides details on 13 experiments including load tests on a single phase transformer, 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor, DC shunt generator, DC series motor, measurement of transformer coil coupling and resistance measurement techniques. The manual was prepared by three students and guided by an associate professor. It was created using LaTeX and various free Linux software and is licensed under a Creative Commons license.
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2. Key findings include determining the critical load multiplier for different load types, identifying sensitive generators and transmission lines to alleviate overloads, and observing higher voltages at load buses during light loading conditions consistent with the Ferranti effect.
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2. Ring main circuits which require directional relays since fault current can flow in both directions; grading is done by opening the ring at different locations.
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FAULT Analysis presentation Armstrong
This document presents information on symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuit calculations. It begins by introducing the goals of appreciating Ohmic and MVA methods for symmetrical faults and symmetrical components for asymmetrical faults. It then discusses symmetrical three-phase faults which affect phases equally and can be analyzed using a single phase. Asymmetrical faults include various line-to-line and line-to-ground faults which are analyzed using symmetrical components and sequence networks. The document provides background on symmetrical components and defines positive and negative sequence components.
Solutions -unit4
1. A 3-phase fault occurs on a power system with a fault impedance of j0.16 pu. This causes fault currents on lines 1, 2 and 3 of -j2.5, -j0.625 and -j0.3125 pu respectively. The post-fault bus voltages are 0.5 pu on bus 1 and 0.75 pu on bus 2.
2. A double line-to-ground fault occurs at point F. This results in a subtransient current on phase c of machine 1 of 4.556(-43.04)° pu or 5260A actual.
3. For a power system with a total demand of 25MW and SSSL of 80
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This document contains 10 practice questions related to unit 1 of a power systems course. The questions cover topics such as:
1) Drawing per unit reactance and impedance diagrams for power systems with generators, transformers and transmission lines.
2) Calculating voltage, current, power and machine parameters like excitation and load angle for generators supplying power to loads through transmission networks.
3) Determining steady state stability limits and drawing vector diagrams for generator operations.
The questions provide ratings and parameters for generators, transformers, transmission lines and loads and ask students to analyze and model the power systems using concepts like per unit quantities and reactance/impedance diagrams.
Power system fault analysis ppt
The document appears to be a technical paper on electrical engineering topics related to symmetrical components, transformer energization, and fault analysis. It includes diagrams of symmetrical component representations of faults, discussions of transformer magnetic flux and core saturation during energization, and waveform diagrams of currents and voltages under different fault conditions.
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This document provides an introduction to the symmetrical component method for representing three-phase power systems. It explains that symmetrical component analysis is useful for analyzing unbalanced conditions in power systems, such as during faults. It describes how symmetrical components are used in protective relaying schemes for generators and ground faults. Mathematically, it represents how voltage phasors can be broken down into positive, negative, and zero sequence components. The document focuses on the practical application to three-phase systems and provides the phasor representations and relationships between the different sequence components in matrix form.
(6) finite
1. The document discusses the behavior of a generator when loaded onto a finite bus system, as opposed to an infinite bus. It describes how the governor and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) control the generator's output to maintain stable frequency and voltage.
2. Governors have a droop characteristic to automatically adjust the generator's output based on frequency changes. The AVR keeps terminal voltage constant despite load variations.
3. Safety is important when operating a generator without an AVR, as load changes can cause overexcitation, increasing voltage beyond safe levels and potentially damaging equipment. Proper excitation adjustment is required if the AVR fails.
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This seminar presentation discusses symmetrical components in power systems. It introduces symmetrical components and explains their use in power system analysis and protection. Specifically, it covers:
1) The need for symmetrical component analysis to protect generators from overheating during unbalanced loads and to supply sensing voltages for voltage regulators.
2) The mathematical technique of resolving an unbalanced set of phasors into balanced positive, negative, and zero sequence systems.
3) Examples of applying symmetrical component analysis to generators and transformers.
4) The conclusion that symmetrical component analysis improves power system reliability by enabling effective analysis of unbalanced fault systems.
Group 3 - Audio Amp Final Presentation
Team #3 presented their pre-amp and power amp project. The team encountered issues with bad connections that were resolved. Oscillation was observed and resolved by adding capacitors. Current draw was out of phase and resolved by adjusting a potentiometer. Testing of the power amp showed a gain of approximately 23 with a maximum undistorted voltage of 22.5 volts and loaded power of 5.5 watts. Meetings were held throughout the process and the power amp was built and tested as a group effort.
Fault Calculations
This document provides an overview of fault calculations, including:
- Fault types such as single phase to ground, line to line, and three phase faults
- Calculation of symmetrical components using positive, negative, and zero sequence networks
- Representation of system components like transformers using symmetrical components
- Examples of calculating fault currents for different fault scenarios using per-unit systems and symmetrical components
- Discussion of how fault currents vary over time and with transformer reactances
Symmetrical components......
The document discusses symmetrical components and their use in analyzing faults on electrical power systems. It explains that symmetrical components transform an unbalanced system due to a fault into three balanced sequence components: positive, negative, and zero. This allows the response of the system to be analyzed using simple circuit models and then transformed back into the original phase variables. Symmetrical components are important for performing calculations related to faults and helping relay operations understand system faults.
Power Plant Horror Stories
1) Many power plant events are complex to analyze and often involve human error, especially during commissioning of new plants. Accurately documenting events and sharing lessons learned is important.
2) Protective relays and their coordination, along with oscillographic records, play a key role in preventing damage and speeding return to service after events occur.
3) Common event types discussed include multi-phase faults, stator ground faults, inadvertent energizing, overexcitation, loss-of-field, and generator breaker failures. Close attention to relay settings and logic is needed to mitigate risks.
Questions practice unit iv
1) A symmetrical short circuit occurs on a 22kV bus bar. The fault apparent power is 73MVA and the fault current is 1.91kA.
2) Fault current measurements for a 50MVA alternator allow calculation of its per unit sequence reactances as 1.403, 0.351, and 0.151.
3) For a 100MVA generator with given reactances, the sustained short circuit current is 2467A, initial breaker current is 16882A, and maximum DC current is not provided.
Emii
This document is an electrical machines lab manual containing experiments on various electrical machines and components used in engineering college. It provides details on 13 experiments including load tests on a single phase transformer, 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor, DC shunt generator, DC series motor, measurement of transformer coil coupling and resistance measurement techniques. The manual was prepared by three students and guided by an associate professor. It was created using LaTeX and various free Linux software and is licensed under a Creative Commons license.
EEP303: Exp5
1. The document describes an experiment using a Newton Raphson load flow program to analyze load ability margin determination, line overloads from generation rescheduling and series compensation, and the Ferranti effect.
2. Key findings include determining the critical load multiplier for different load types, identifying sensitive generators and transmission lines to alleviate overloads, and observing higher voltages at load buses during light loading conditions consistent with the Ferranti effect.
3. The experiment demonstrated using load flow models to study a practical power system and determine sensitivity lists to identify the best corrective changes to address overloads or voltage issues.
1 7 earth fault relay
This document provides information about the IWE earth fault relay, including its applications, operating principle, current transformer connections, connections and settings, functional check, and technical data. The relay is a definite time overcurrent relay suitable for earth fault protection of generators, motors, transformers, and radial feeders. It operates when the effective earth fault current exceeds the current setting for the set time delay. Examples are provided for using the relay for generator stator, system-wide, and back-up earth fault protection. Ring type and multiple current transformers can be used to measure earth fault current. The document explains how to connect, set, and check the functionality of the relay.
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The document discusses unsymmetrical faults in power systems. It defines different types of unsymmetrical faults like line-to-ground, line-to-line, and double line-to-ground faults. It explains sequence components and the sequence operator a which is used to resolve unbalanced three-phase quantities into balanced sequence components. The symmetrical component transformation and inverse transformation matrices are provided to convert between phase and sequence domains. Sequence impedances for different fault types are also described.
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This document describes an audio output power meter. The power meter can measure power from 0.1 mW to 50 W across fifteen impedance ranges from 4 to 10k ohms. It uses a current transformer and fifteen switch-selected resistors to indirectly measure the power dissipated in a load. The power meter provides a simple and accurate way to measure the power delivered by an audio frequency circuit such as an amplifier to different terminating loads.
Symmetrical Components Fault Calculations
This document provides an outline and overview of a hands-on relay school covering transmission protection theory including symmetrical components and fault calculations. It discusses power system problems like faults and disturbances, different fault types, and introduces symmetrical components and how they are used to analyze balanced and unbalanced systems. It also covers per unit systems, calculating sequence networks for faults, and evaluating transmission line, generator, and transformer impedances.
Questions unit4
The document contains 5 practice questions related to fault analysis in power systems. Question 1 asks to calculate the fault current and healthy line voltage for a DLG fault at the terminals of a 50MVA generator. Question 2 asks to calculate the line-to-ground fault currents for a fault on a transformer winding with given system reactances. Question 3 asks to calculate the fault current for a SLG fault at a given point in a system shown in a figure. Question 4 asks to determine the fault current, bus voltages, and line currents for a 3-phase fault with a given fault impedance in a system shown in a diagram. Question 5 asks to calculate the fault current for a DLG fault at a given point considering a generator
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http://dienhathe.com,
Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của Mikro tại https://dienhathe.com
Xem thêm các Catalog khác của Mikro tại https://dienhathe.info
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm Mikro vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
Catalog mikro mikro mu250-user_manual
Mikro,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện Mikro, Catalog Thiết Bị Điện,
Catalog Phụ Kiện Mikro, Catalog Phụ Kiện,
Catalog Mikro, Catalog,
http://dienhathe.com,
Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của Mikro tại https://dienhathe.com
Xem thêm các Catalog khác của Mikro tại https://dienhathe.info
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm Mikro vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
Advanced motion controls s30a40ac
The document provides specifications for the S30A40AC analog servo drive. It is designed to drive 3-phase brushless motors with sine wave current at high frequencies. It requires two 120-degree phase shifted sine wave command signals for commutation and torque control. The drive has overcurrent, overvoltage, and thermal protections. It is compliant with various safety and EMC standards.
Virgile Valente - Application Notes
This document provides an overview of buck converters, including their basic operation and components. It discusses asynchronous and synchronous buck converter topologies, key parameters like efficiency and ripple, and component selection considerations. Terminology is defined and different types of switches are compared for their suitability in buck converters. Design tradeoffs between complexity, efficiency and costs are also addressed.
Analysis Approach for Five Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter with PWM T...
this paper gives idea of comparison of five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and FPTLVSI with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive. The paper demonstrates using mat lab simulations about comparison in term of harmonics analysis for different firing angles and find best angle suitable for output with minimum harmonics for FPTLVSI without filter circuit and control scheme and harmonics analysis of FPTLVSI with filter and PWM control scheme. This paper suggests simulation of comparison of harmonics point of view five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive.
Advanced motion controls s100a40ac
The document provides specifications for the S100A40AC analog servo drive. The drive is designed to drive 3-phase brushless motors with sine wave current at high switching frequency, requiring 2 sinusoidal command signals with 120-degree phase shift. It has a peak current of 100A, continuous current of 50A, and supply voltage range of 45-270VAC. The drive includes protective features and status indicators.
gas turbine generator set operation and maintenance
Turbine generator sets were discussed, including generator basics, voltage regulators, and generator operation. Generator basics covered how electricity is produced from magnetism in generators and key components like laminated cores. Voltage regulators control generator output voltage through static and digital excitation systems. Generator operation was examined for both island and grid modes, including parallel operation, load sharing, and power control schemes.
Advanced motion controls b25a20ac
The document describes the Analog Servo Drive B25A20AC. It is designed to drive brushless DC motors with a peak current of 25A and continuous current of 12.5A. It can operate on a single 30-125VAC power supply and has protection against overvoltage, overcurrent, and other faults. It provides adjustable current limits and loop gains using on-board potentiometers and can interface with digital controllers or operate standalone.
Advanced motion controls mf2x510
The MC/MF Series mounting cards are designed to host up to three AMC 10A8 servo amplifier modules. The cards provide power and signal connections to the amplifiers and include potentiometers for configuring inputs, outputs, gains and limits. Models beginning with MC host amplifiers only, while MF models also include onboard filters on the motor lines. The document provides details on configuration, tuning and specifications for the mounting cards.
Similar to Postlab2 ep nas4 (20)
Inductorless DC-AC Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Boost Inverter for Electric/...
Inductorless DC-AC Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Boost Inverter for Electric/...
Power Circuits and Transforers-Unit 8 Labvolt Student Manual
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Analysis Approach for Five Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter with PWM T...
Analysis Approach for Five Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter with PWM T...
gas turbine generator set operation and maintenance
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Recently uploaded
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION for seminar ppt.pdf
BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION
AND CLASSIFICATION USING
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptx
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptx
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptx
Postlab2 ep nas4
- 1. Electrical Power System Protection (EE-455) POSTLAB 2 SAMRA ASHRAF EE-184 SABAH FATIMAH EE-188 AFRAH ZIAUDDIN EE-197
- 2. OBJECTIVE: ToApply a Relay for PHASE DETECTION, PHASE FAILURE AND LOAD UNBALANCING (%ASYMMETRY) PROCEDURE: Part (a) 1. Switch“ON” KESC supply (1 Φ 220V, 50Hz);. 2. Move selector switch from “0” to “1” position. The indication marked as “Line” on GCB-1/EV controlboard will turn “ON”. 3. Move the button of motor drive from “Stand by” to “Run”. 4. Adjust the excitation voltage of three phase generator from control board so that the terminal voltage of three phase generator becomes 400V. 5. Adjust the speed of DC motor Drive for50Hz frequency. 6. Connect three jumper sets of presence asymmetry & sequence failure phase relay on GCB 1/EV. 7. Protection relay’s indication on GCB 1/EV will turn “ON” (% asymmetry LED & delay time LEDwill turn “ON”). 8. Set the % asymmetry 10% & delay time as “minimum”. 9. Now connect balanced load at the output of three phase generator marked as L1, L2 & L3. 10. The voltage drop is almost same in all phases (Symmetry will be around ±10%), so relay will not operate. 11. Now connect three phase balanced load at output terminals of generator in such a manner that % asymmetry of voltage drop in any twophases is greater than 10%. 12. The moment when % asymmetry exceeds that set value of 10% the asymmetry relay will interrupt that load; after the fixed time delay. Now relay LED will be “OFF” and relay N/C contact will show “OPEN”. 13. When the parameters return back to the normal limits; relay will be switched OFF automatically. Part (b):- Remove the load. Phase sequence of generated voltage is changed.(i.e. change the position of any of two phases) As the phase sequence is changed again the asymmetry relay will operate after the set time delay, so relay LEDwill be “OFF” and the N/C contactwill show “OPEN”. RESULTS: