Portal frames are commonly used for single-story construction requiring large open floor plans. They are rigid steel frames consisting of columns connected by beams at the top by a simple joint, allowing the frame to act as a single unit and reducing bending stresses. Common applications include warehouses, factories, and other industrial and commercial buildings. The frames are constructed by installing columns, beams, bracing, purlins and roofing or cladding. Advantages include speed of construction, cost effectiveness, and ability to immediately support loads.