The document discusses solutions to improve access to clean drinking water and sanitation in India. It begins by outlining the problem statement and proposed solutions which include centralized policymaking, public-private partnerships, and community user groups. Some key solutions proposed are regulating groundwater extraction, using employment schemes to develop water infrastructure, and franchising water distribution. Challenges to implementation include poor infrastructure maintenance and lack of coordination. For sanitation, solutions focus on spreading awareness campaigns and creating aspirational value for toilets while also providing subsidies. Improving sanitation coverage through joint community and government efforts is also discussed.

2. AGENDA
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• PROPOSED SOLUTION
• IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLUTION
• IMPACT OF SOLUTION
• CHALLENGES

3. PROVIDING CLEAN DRINKING WATER & PROPER
SANITATION FACILITY
Availability of clean water : 32% of the villages do not have any water supply.
Awareness of importance of clean water : About 44 million are estimated to be affected by problems
related to water quality excess of fluoride, iron, nitrate, arsenic, heavy metals and salinity!
Awareness of importance of sanitation : India is home to 638 million people defecating in the open; over
50 % of the total population
Social, cultural & economic impact: India loses 3 lakh crore rupees because of hygiene related illness
resulting in poor productivity
Surface water contamination, over-extraction of ground water, perception as a low cost resource
Insufficient infrastructure for water storage
Low awareness of importance of sanitation
Lack of effective implementation of existing government policies
Most basic human right : India has not been able to ensure it in the last 66 years of independence
Gets lost among seemingly bigger problems
SCOPE
CAUSES
REASONS

4. SOLUTION : AVAILABILITY OF WATER
CENTRALIZED POLICY MAKING
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
COMMUNITY USER GROUPS
Regulate groundwater extraction: Stringent laws against over extraction of groundwater
Incentivize water harvesting
Use employment schemes like MNREGA to develop infrastructure like reservoirs for water
storage & check dams for groundwater recharge
Franchise model for water distribution in urban areas
Monitoring and metering water usage in urban areas & differential pricing according to usage
Ensures efficient distribution of subsidies to deserving and needy population
Encourage investment on maintenance of pipes hence reducing leakage
Implemented successfully in Bangalore
Make women responsible for maintaining & recharging common property water resources
like wells & tube wells

5. SOLUTION : AWARENESS OF IMPORTANCE OF CLEAN WATER
Commercial movement
• Involve private players to increase
awareness of importance of clean water
• SMS movement & other media campaign
involving private players like HUL
• Cracking the distribution chain &
ensuring availability of water purifiers
like alum & zeolite at small village shops
• Collaborate with non-profit
organizations to create awareness by
street plays etc.(ICE)
• Include importance of clean water in
school curriculum to educate children
Subsidy
• Government should subsidize cheap
water purifiers to increase visibility of
such products
• Community User Group involvement in
monitoring, testing & surveillance of
water bodies
• Stricter regulations to check industrial
waste discharge in water bodies – Need
for periodic auditing
• Mandating proper sewage disposal to
prevent open sewage pipes which pollute
ground water
Main issue
• People are not aware of importance of clean water & hence do not want to spend
• Need to establish the connect of diarrhoea & other water borne diseases with dirty water

6. CHALLENGES IN
IMPLEMENTATION
Poor operation and of equipment resulting in rapid deterioration in the quality of water
services
Co-ordination among various governmental departments and village communities
Lack of decision-making at periphery
There are places, where water resources are not easily available. Artificial recharge of ground
water is the only way there, but techniques like distillation, ion-exchange, reversible osmosis are
electro-dialysis are very expensive
Major leakage while supplying water to the desired recipients, due to leaking pipers e.g. New
Delhi Jal Board supplies just over 30 million cubic meters per day, but only 17 million cubic
meters actually reach consumers due to infrastructure problems
People misuse government policies - Toilets provided/paid for by government used to store
firewood or chickens
Fabrication of data, i.e., 60 million toilets or latrines reported constructed but not found by the
census on the ground. The money has been spent but the structures are not there

7. PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS IN SANITATION
• .
Inadequate sanitation costs
India nearly 3 lakh crore
rupees because of hygiene
related illness resulting in
poor productivity
Lack of implementation of
existing policies
Rural sanitation coverage was
estimated to have reached
only 21% by 2008 according
to the UNICEF/WHO joint
monitoring programme
Lack of aspirational value
towards having toilets in
home – will instead spend on
consumer products like
Mobile phones, TV, radio, etc
SANITATION

8. SPREADING AWARENESS & CREATING ASPIRATIONAL VALUE
AWARENESS MOVEMENTS
CREATE ASPIRATIONAL VALUE
SUBSIDIES ON SANITARY PRODUCTS
• Non government organizations led door-to-door awareness campaigns
• GOI funded TV Ads showing celebrities emphasizing the importance of sanitation
• Schools are an excellent opportunity for children to learn about hygiene practices – they can drive
hygiene at household level
• Adolescent Girls: Sensitize girls to the fact that key to their dignity and health, is improved facilities for
good menstrual hygiene management
• Mothers and Caregivers: Creating role models in each family unit who can help instil the good hygiene
practices in their children
• Creating awareness for programs like “Nirmal Shahar Puruskar” & “Nirmal Gram Puruskar” – promote
not only as monetary reward but attach social significance
• Ranking cities on the basis of sanitation facilities through periodic assessment – creating more awareness
and competition among cities
• Distribution of soaps & menstrual hygiene products through partnership with FMCG companies

9. SOLUTION : PROVIDE SANITATION FACILITIES THROUGH
IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES
• Utilize funding of Ministry of Sanitation, GOI - to build supporting
infrastructure for toilets like running water supply and sewage disposal
• Improve Sanitation coverage through Joint efforts of government and
community
• Non availability of running water and sewage network makes current toilets
extremely unhygienic
• Women safety is also taken care of : since it is not an open area
CENTRALIZED
POLICY
MAKING
• Community resource : so maintenance will be ensured, also expenses of
maintaining sanitation facilities will be divided
• Technical training to women on setting up bio-digesters through Women
Self Help Groups
COMMUNITY
USER GROUPS
• People misuse government policies - Toilets provided/paid for by
government used to store firewood or chickens
• Fabrication of data, i.e., 60 million toilets or latrines reported constructed
but not found by the census on the ground. The money has been spent but
the structures are not there
CHALLENGES

10. Better health
&
Physical
fitness for
work
Economic
productivity
enhanced
Further
upgrading of
immediate
environment
Safe
Sanitation &
Sanitation
related
products
IMPACT OF GOOD SANITATION

11. LEGAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES
Lack of funds to City level or Village level executive bodies
• transfer funds directly to Urban Local Body and Panchayats
Bypassing of laws by industries to dispose industrial wastes in water
• better implementation of laws
Potential protest from common mass if asked for incremental tariff of water supply
• start with pilot projects in metro cities and then grow further
Reluctance of private players to contribute or partner for these issues
• providing leverages like subsidies or use other Public Private Partnerships model
Women in many parts are not socially empowered enough to drive or be a part of
women self help groups
• socially acceptability among men is an issue