The document describes secondary economic activities, highlighting the processes involved in producing finished goods and the factors influencing industrial location, such as resources and transportation. It discusses different types of industries, the history and decline of the British iron and steel industry, and the evolution of women's roles in the workforce in Ireland. Key reasons for changes in the workforce include equal education access, gender equality laws, and rising living costs.

1. Secondary
 Secondaryeconomic activity usually takes place in factories or workshops.
 Some factories may only take raw materials and make them into semi-
finished products.
 Other factories may only take semi-finished products and make them into
finished products.
 Secondaryeconomic activity may be seen as a system.
 Each system has Inputs, Processes,and Outputs.
• Inputs – These are the things that we need to put in at the
start.
• Processes – Theseare the things we do to the Inputs to turn
them into semi-finished or finished products.
• Outputs – These are the things we have at the end.
Where should I build my Factory?
• In reality,there are lots of differentfactors that influence
where factoriesare built. Theseinclude;
1. Resourcematerials
2. Markets
3. Transportfacilities
4. Labour
5. Services
6. Capital
7. Government/EUPolicy
8. Preference of the business personor the local community.
Different Types of Industry
• Heavy Industry – In these types of industries the resource
materials and the products being made are big and heavy.
Iron and steel making is an example of a heavy industry.

2. • Light Industry – In these types of industriesthe products
being made are small and light. Electronic products and
healthcare products are examples.
• Multi-nationalCorporations (MNC’s) – Thesetypes of
companies make their productsin many differentcountries.
Examplesinclude Coca Cola,Microsoftand Nike.
IndustrialLocation– Changeover time
• As time goes by some industries may need to change their
location.
• This may be because they have changedtheir production
methods and need new services and infrastructure.
• For example,in the past most industriesneeded to be close
to coalmines because coalwas the main source of power.
Footloose Industries
These are industries that are not tied to a
particular area. It can be set up in many different
places. Most modernindustries are footloose
because-
 They use electricity for power (Electricity is
availableeverywhere)
 They are usuallylight industries
 Good roads now allow goods to be moved easily
 Most people have cars to drive to work
The British Iron & Steel Industry

3. • In the late1700’s Britainbegantodevelop its Iron and Steel
industry.
• Britainhad largeamountsof coaland iron ore. These were the raw
materialsused to makeiron and steel.
• All of the steel mills were built besidethe coal mines, becausecoal
is a bulky, heavy raw material. It was expensiveand time
consuming totransport it.
• Britainwasthe leading countryof theindustrialrevolution, mainly
becauseof all the coal and iron ore it had.
• It used the steel to makerailwaytracks, trains, engines, ships,
factories, machines, and weapons.
• All of these thingshelped Britainto becomethemost powerful
countryin the world.
• The Iron and Steel Industry wasa very important partofthe
British economy untilthe middleof the 20th century. Therewere
thousandsof people employed in the coal minesand the steel mills.
• However, in thelast 50 years the steel industryin Britainhas
almost disappeared. Nearlyall of the coal mines and the steel mills
have been closed down.
Decline of the Coal Industry

4. • The coal mining industry peaked in 1913 when there were
over 2500 coal mines in Britain. In 1913 the railways
moved over 226 million tons of coal.
• In 1947 there were still over 450 deep mines in operation.
Mines continued to close in the 1960’s as the easily
accessible coal was mined out.
• The availabilityof cheap oil and North Sea Gas in the 60’s
and 70’ reduced demand for coal.
• By the end of 1995 there were less than 30 mines, only 2
being deep coal mines,left in Britain.
Women in the workforce in Ireland
Until the 1970’s mostIrish women worked in traditionalroles as
wives and mothers.
The situation changeddramatically overthe past 40 years and
many women now work outside the home.
Many womenare choosing to have careersinstead ofworkingin
the home.
• Women in the workforce in Ireland
There are many reasons why things changed;
1. From the late 1960’s everyone in Ireland had free
secondary education.Boys and girls now had equal

5. access & opportunities to get qualifications and
participatein the workforce.
2. Gender equalitylaws have given women equal status
with men in the workforce.
3. The increase in the cost of living has meant that in
many cases both parents now have to work to pay for the
house,the car etc.