Life expectancy in Spain has increased significantly over the past century due to advances in medicine and improvements in living and working conditions. In 1900, life expectancy was 33 years for men and 35 years for women, but by 2011 it had risen to 78 years for men and 85 years for women. As a result, Spain now has more elderly people than young people since people are living longer and the birth rate is low. The document also defines key terms like employed population, unemployed population, and groups like students and homemakers who are not part of the labor force.