POLYMERS
Introduction
The term Polymer derived from the Greek letters ‘Poly’ means many and ‘mers’ means parts. Definition : Polymer is the substance or materials consisting of very large molecules or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits, which are known as monomer. These subunits or monomers are typically connected by Covalent chemical bonds.
Classification and types of polymers
Properties of polymer
Advantages & disadvantages
Applications
References
Polymers with their use in pharmaceutics. Approaches in designing of control drug release delivery system. Classification of polymers according to their use in pharmacy field with their use in various use in dosage form development.
Polymers with their use in pharmaceutics. Approaches in designing of control drug release delivery system. Classification of polymers according to their use in pharmacy field with their use in various use in dosage form development.
Formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS)SanketPawar47
This is slide about formulation and evaluations of transdermal drugs delivery system . Introduction , general structure of TDDS , basic components of TDDS , approch for formulation of TDDS , manufacturing processes for TDDS ,and evaluations of TDDS
“It is define has an substance or Pharmaceutical material is encapsulated over the surface of solid, droplet of liquid and dispersion of medium is known has Microencapsulation”
Controlled Release Oral Drug Delivery System
Controlled drug delivery is one which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate, for locally or systemically, for a specified period of time.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is the one of the novel technology to deliver the molecules through the skin for long period of time.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) are defined as self contained, discrete dosage forms which are also known as “patches” 2, 3 when patches are applied to the intact skin, deliver the drug through the skin at a controlled rate to the systemic circulation
POLYMERS IN SOLID STATE, PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS AND RECENT A...Priyanka Modugu
A description on polymers in solid state, solid state properties of polymers, mechanical properties of polymers, heat of crystallization & fusion, thermodynamics of fusion & crystallization, pharmaceutical applications of polymers and recent advances in the use of polymers for drug delivery system
‘Targeted drug delivery system is a special form of drug delivery system where the medicament is selectively targeted or delivered only to its site of action or absorption and not to the non-target organs or tissues or cells.’
1. POLYMER by RAVI GOYANI. M.S(pharma) pharmaceutics, NIPER. Raebareli(U.P)
2. Contents of the presentation: Introduction, Classification, Properties of polymer,Characteristics of ideal polymer,Advantages of polymer,Applications of polymer.
3. Introduction of general terminology about the polymer like homopolymer, copolymer and monomer.
4. Figure representation of different monomer which combine to form polymer.
5. Introduction about the copolymer and how its form by one or more monomer.
6. Classification of the polymer on the bases of source, degradability, structure, properties, nature of the polymer and polymerization process.
7.8.9.10.11.12 Example of the polymer according to the class of that polymer.
13. Characteristics of ideal polymer like Should be inert and compatible with environments, Should be nontoxic, Should be easily administered, Should have good mechanical strength, Should be biodegradable, Should have biocompatible.
14. Properties of polymer.
15. Advantages of polymer in to the different area of pharmaceutics.
16. Application of the polymer like as binding agents, coating agents, thickening agents, disintegrants, and also in the formulation of hard and soft gelatin capsules.
17.18. Tables for the examples of different polymer and its specific application.
19. Application of the polymer in to the various drug delivery system in which extended, pulsatiles, controlled release drug delivery systems.
20.21 Other application of polymers in different formulation such as nanocrystals, gels, micro- spheres and also useful for the cancer study or complexation study.
22. List of references.
Formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS)SanketPawar47
This is slide about formulation and evaluations of transdermal drugs delivery system . Introduction , general structure of TDDS , basic components of TDDS , approch for formulation of TDDS , manufacturing processes for TDDS ,and evaluations of TDDS
“It is define has an substance or Pharmaceutical material is encapsulated over the surface of solid, droplet of liquid and dispersion of medium is known has Microencapsulation”
Controlled Release Oral Drug Delivery System
Controlled drug delivery is one which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate, for locally or systemically, for a specified period of time.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is the one of the novel technology to deliver the molecules through the skin for long period of time.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) are defined as self contained, discrete dosage forms which are also known as “patches” 2, 3 when patches are applied to the intact skin, deliver the drug through the skin at a controlled rate to the systemic circulation
POLYMERS IN SOLID STATE, PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS AND RECENT A...Priyanka Modugu
A description on polymers in solid state, solid state properties of polymers, mechanical properties of polymers, heat of crystallization & fusion, thermodynamics of fusion & crystallization, pharmaceutical applications of polymers and recent advances in the use of polymers for drug delivery system
‘Targeted drug delivery system is a special form of drug delivery system where the medicament is selectively targeted or delivered only to its site of action or absorption and not to the non-target organs or tissues or cells.’
1. POLYMER by RAVI GOYANI. M.S(pharma) pharmaceutics, NIPER. Raebareli(U.P)
2. Contents of the presentation: Introduction, Classification, Properties of polymer,Characteristics of ideal polymer,Advantages of polymer,Applications of polymer.
3. Introduction of general terminology about the polymer like homopolymer, copolymer and monomer.
4. Figure representation of different monomer which combine to form polymer.
5. Introduction about the copolymer and how its form by one or more monomer.
6. Classification of the polymer on the bases of source, degradability, structure, properties, nature of the polymer and polymerization process.
7.8.9.10.11.12 Example of the polymer according to the class of that polymer.
13. Characteristics of ideal polymer like Should be inert and compatible with environments, Should be nontoxic, Should be easily administered, Should have good mechanical strength, Should be biodegradable, Should have biocompatible.
14. Properties of polymer.
15. Advantages of polymer in to the different area of pharmaceutics.
16. Application of the polymer like as binding agents, coating agents, thickening agents, disintegrants, and also in the formulation of hard and soft gelatin capsules.
17.18. Tables for the examples of different polymer and its specific application.
19. Application of the polymer in to the various drug delivery system in which extended, pulsatiles, controlled release drug delivery systems.
20.21 Other application of polymers in different formulation such as nanocrystals, gels, micro- spheres and also useful for the cancer study or complexation study.
22. List of references.
Polymers;
polymers are an incredibly diverse and crucial group of materials present all around us, from the plastic water bottle in your hand to the DNA in your cells. Here's a breakdown of their key details:
What are polymers?
Large molecules, also called macromolecules, formed by repeating subunits called monomers.
Imagine a necklace where each bead is a monomer; stringing them together creates a polymer chain.
Can be natural (e.g., cellulose in plants) or synthetic (e.g., nylon)
Types of polymers:
Based on structure:
Homopolymers: Made from repeating units of the same monomer.
Copolymers: Made from two or more different monomers.
Blends: Mixtures of different polymers with tailored properties.
Based on properties:
Thermoplastics: Can be softened and reshaped upon heating.
Thermosets: Once set, cannot be easily reshaped by heat.
Elastomers: Highly elastic and rubbery.
Properties of polymers:
Highly diverse due to varying monomer types, chain lengths, and branching.
Can be strong, flexible, lightweight, insulating, conductive, etc.
Tailored properties for specific applications.
Examples of polymers:
Natural: DNA, proteins, cellulose (wood, paper), rubber, starch
Synthetic: Nylon, polyester, polyethylene (plastic bags), PVC (pipes), polyurethane (foam)
Applications of polymers:
Packaging: Food containers, bottles, plastic wrap
Textiles: Clothing, fibers, carpets
Construction: Pipes, insulation, building materials
Medical: Implants, drug delivery systems, artificial organs
Electronics: Coatings, wires, insulation
And countless more!
Additional details you might be interested in:
Polymerization: The process of forming polymers from monomers.
Biopolymers: Polymers produced by living organisms.
Degradable polymers: Polymers that break down naturally over time.
Polymer recycling: Processing used polymers into new products.
*CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CLASSIFICATION 3. PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS 4. ADVANTAGES 5. APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
➢ Polymers are becoming increasingly important in the field of drug
delivery. ➢ The pharmaceutical applications of polymers range from their used as
binders in tablets formulations to viscosity and flow controlling agents
in liquids, suspensions and emulsions.➢ Polymers are macromolecules with high molecular mass composed of
considerable numbers of monomers.➢ The term polymer is derived from the Greek words, poly means many
and meros means unit or parts.➢ Polymerization is the process of combining two or more monomers
under the definite condition of temperature, pressure and in the
presence of suitable catalyst.
The above Presentation discusses about the chapter polymers.Its definition, Types and important applications.It also covers about the process of bio degradation of polymers in the body.
Polymers Used in Pharmaceutical SciencesOyshe Ahmed
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMERS
MECHANISM OF DRUG RELEASE FROM POLYMER
BIO DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS
SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS
POLYMERS USED IN FORMULATION OF DIFFERENT DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM.
APPLICATION OF POLYMERS
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1. POLYMERS
Submitted to
Dr. Vivek Dave Sir
Associate Professor
Head of Department
Department of Pharmacy
School of Health Science
Presented by
Mr. Sree Prakash Pandey
(CUSB2006122010)
M.Pharm 1st year (1st Sem)
Department – Pharmacuetics
School of Health Science
1
3. INTRODUCTION
The term Polymer derived from the Greek letters ‘Poly’ means many
and ‘mer’ means parts.
Definition : Polymer is the substance or materials consisting of very
large molecules or macromolecules, composed of many repeating
subunits, which are known as monomer.
These subunits or monomers are typically connected by Covalent
chemical bonds.
3
5. Polymers
Based on source
of polymer
Natural
polymers
Semi-synthetics
polymers
Synthetics
polymers
Based on
structure of
Polymer
Linear
polymers
Branch chain
polymers
Cross-linked
polymers
Based on mode
of
Polymerization
Addition
polymerization
Condensation
polymerization
Based on bio-
stability
Bio-degradable
polymers
Non-
biodegradable
polymers
Based on
molecular
forces
Elastomers
Fibres
Thermoplastic
polymers
Thermosetting
polymers
5
6. CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMERS
A. Based on source of polymer
1. Natural polymers : These polymers are found in plants and animals.
E.g. proteins, cellulose, starch, resins and rubber.
2. Semi-synthetics polymers : Cellulose derivatives as cellulose acetate
(rayon) and cellulose nitrate.
3. Synthetics polymers : Polythene, Polysterylin, Teflon, Nylon 6,6 and
synthetic rubbers (Buna - S).
6
7. B. Based on structure of Polymer
1. Linear polymers : These polymers consist of long and straight chains. e.g.
• high density polythene,
• Polyesters,
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc.
2. Branch chain polymers : These polymers contain linear chains having some
branches, e.g.
• low density polythene,
• Glycogen.
3. Cross-linked polymers : These are usually formed from bi-functional and
tri-functional monomers and contain strong covalent bonds between various
linear polymer chains, e.g
• bakelite,
• melamine,
• vulcanized rubber, etc.
7
8. C. Based on mode of Polymerization
1. Addition polymerization : These are formed by the repeated addition of
addition of monomer molecules possessing double or triple bonds. e.g.
polyethene, polypropylene, Polyvinyl chloride, etc.
2. Condensation Polymerization : These are made by combining two
molecules by removing small molecule. e.g. Polyesters, Polyamide,
formaldehyde resins, etc.
8
9. D. Based on Bio-stability :
a) Bio-degradable Polymers:
e.g.
• Polylactic acid,
• Polyglycolic acid,
• Proteins,
• Carbohydrates, etc
b) Non – biodegradable Polymers:
e.g.
• Ethyl cellulose,
• Acrylic polymer,
• Poly dimethyl siloxane, etc.
9
12. Ideal Characteristics of Polymer
Should be inert and compatible with the
environment.
Should be non-toxic.
Should be easily administered.
Should be easy and inexpensive to fabricate.
Should have good mechanical strength.
Should be biodegradable and biocompatible.
12
13. PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS
Molecular weight
Solubility
Viscoelasticity
Tensile strength
Resilience
Percent elongation to break
Crystal nature
Glass Transition Temperature
Tg and the length of the polymer
chain
Tg and polymer chain side group
Tg and polymer chain flexibility
Tg and polymer chain branching
Tg and polymer chain cross-
linking
Tg and processing rate
13
14. Advantages
Biodegradable and Biocompatible
Enhance bioavailability
Decrease in dosing frequency
Improve patient compliance
Disadvantages
Exhibit dose dumping effect
Toxicity
High initial drug release after administration
High Processing cost
14
15. APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS
1. APPLICATIONS IN CONVENTIONAL DOSAGE FORMS
Dosages forms Applications Examples
Tablets As binder and
disintegrating agent
HPMC, Starch
Capsules As a Plasticizer Gelatin
Disperse Systems As emulsifying and
suspending agent
PVC, Ethyl cellulose
Gels Gelling agent Gum accasia, sodium
alginate
Skin Patches (TDDS) As a drug reservoir Polystyrene
Film and enteric coating
of Solid Dosage Forms
As a coating agent Chitosan, Cellulose
acetate Phthalate
15
16. 2. APPLICATIONS IN CONTROLLED RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
1. Reservoir Systems
2. Ocusert System
3. Matrix Systems
4. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system
5. Swelling Controlled Release Systems
6. Osmotically controlled Drug Delivery
7. Reservoir Designed Transdermal Patches
8. Temperature Responsive Drug Release
9. pH Responsive Drug Release
10. Electric Current Responsive Drug Release
Some
Pharmacuetical
polymers
Applications
Hydroxypropyl
methyl cellulose
Fabricating hydrophilic
matrix systems
Polyurethane Transdermal patch
backing
Chitosan In hydrogel
Polysorbate 80 Liposomes preparation
Polyamide Gas barrier agent
Carrageenan Viscosifier
Alginic acid Oral and topical
products
Carbapol Trans-corneal
preparations
16
17. 3. POLYMERS IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
.
Biomedical
Application
1.Cell
delivery
Drug
delivery
Tissue
engineering
Dental
medicine
Skin
treatment
Bone
healing
Wound
healing
Advanced Polymers Application
Polymeric Alginate
(OMIDERM)
Chronic ulcer
Polymeric Foam
(BIOPATCH)
Chronic wound
Polyanhydride Tissue Engineering
Poly(lactic-co-
glycolic) acid (PLGA)
Anticancer therapy
Polyethylene glycol Dentistry
Poloxamers Ophthalmic drug
delivery
Collagens Bone healing
17
18. 4. APPLICATIONS FOR DRUG PACKAGING
.
DRUG
PACKAGING
1.Collapsible
tube
1.Rubber cork
1.Bottles and
Vails
1.Plastics and
polybag
Polymers Uses
Polyethylene Collapsible
tubes
Polymeric silicon Rubber Closer
Cyclic Olefin Polymer (COP) Vails
Polyethylene Terephthalate
(PET)
Bottles
LDPE, HDPE, PVC, PET, PP Plastics and
Polybags
18
19. 5. GENERAL PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS
Cosmetic Preparation
Nutritional Application
Increasing drug stability
Pharmaceutical Apparatus and Instruments
Medical Devices and Equipment
19
20. REFERENCES
Sinko Patrick J. ; “Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences”; 5th
edition 2005; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Page no. 493-515.
Chauhan Narendra P S; “Pharmaceutical Polymers”; January 2014; Research Gate;
Publication 255722509.
Liechty William B.; Kryscio David R.; Slaughter Brandon V.; and Peppas Nicholas
A.; “Polymers of Drug Delivery Systems”; PMC 2012 Sep 11; PMC3438887;
NIHMS402738; PMID22432577.
Patel Jayvandan K., Patel Rakesh P., Amin Avani F., Patel Madhabhai M., and Patel
Shree S.K.; “Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Glipizide Microspheres”,
2005 edition.
20