Rana zia ur rehman Graduate Reseracher at KASIT (Korea Advanced of science & Technology) My Email ID: ranazia517@gmail.com

3. POLYMERS ARE EVERYWHERE
Food
Packaging Electronics
Medical
Supplies
Construction
Manufactured
Goods
PVC
SAN
PES
Transportation
PVC
PS
PVC
PC
Polyester
PP
Polyisoprene
Clothing
Nylon
Sports

5.  Very large macromolecules consisting of repeating units of
monomers connected by covalent bonds
 Monomers linked together to form linear polymers

6.  The word polymer implies that polymers are constructed
from pieces (monomers) that can be easily connected into
long chains (polymers)
 Well known example of polymers includes plastics , DNA
and proteins
Many + Parts

7. Depends
 Chain length
 Degree of polymerization
 Different side groups
 Chain branching
 Cross linking
 Stereoregularity
 Cystalline structure
 Chemical composition

8. 
 The physical properties of a polymer, such as its strength
and flexibility depend on:
 Chain length - in general, the longer the chains the stronger
the polymer;
 Side groups - polar side groups give stronger attraction
between polymer chains, making the polymer stronger;
 Branching - straight, unbranched chains can pack together
more closely than highly branched chains, giving polymers
that are more crystalline and therefore stronger;
 Cross-linking - if polymer chains are linked together
extensively by covalent bonds, the polymer is harder and
more difficult to melt.

9.  Can be crystalline or semi-crystalline structure
 Deformation is very sensitive to temperature
 Good insulator Creep at room temperatures
 Low temperatures make plastic brittle
 Plastic deformation
 Low modulus of elasticity (low stiffness
 Creep at room temperatures

10.  Depends upon the physical arrangement of monomers
(having strong Influence on properties)

11.  Polymer nomenclature is based upon type of monomers
comprising it.
 HOMOPOLYMERS:
Containing single type (polypropylene)
 COPOLYMERS:
Containing a mixture (Ethylene-vinyl-acetate)
PP
EVA
EVA
PP

12.  Bulk properties of polymers depend upon the chain size
 Polymer molecule size may be described in terms of
molecular weight or mass
 The molecular mass can also be expressed in terms of the
number of monomers

14.  Combination of several monomers to form a polymer or
polymeric compound
 Can be achieved by two methods :
1- Condensation polymerization
2- Addition polymerization

15.  Number of monomer units in an average polymer
DP = (Total MW of polymer) / (MW of monomer unit)
 For most industrial purposes , degrees of polymerization in
thousands or tens of thousands are desired

16.  Linear Polymers : Polyethylene , polyvinyl chloride(PVC)
 Branched polymers : Many elastomers or polymeric rubbers
 Cross linked Polymers : Mostly thermosetting polymers
 Network polymers : epoxies , phenol formaldehydes
Network

17. POLYMERS
PLASTICS
THERMOPLASTICS THERMOSETS
ELASTOMERS

18.  Soften when heated and
harden when cooled
 Varying degree of ductility
 Can be recycled
 Can not withstand high
temperatures
 Become permanently hard
after the initial heating-
cooling cycle
 Brittle
 Can not be recycled
 Can withstand high
temperatures

19.  Polymers having property of elasticity
 Their long polymer chains cross link during curing
 Their molecular structure can be imagined as a “spaghetti and meatball”
with the meatballs signifying cross-links
Ref:
http://plc.cwru.edu/tutorial/enhanced/files/polymers/struct/struct.htm
 Elastomeric materials are highly amorphous , randomly oriented & have
high elongation

20. Classification of polymers
1-Natural Polymer
2-Synthetic Polymer
Natural Polymers
 Protein and protein based
polymers
 Collagen
 Albumin
Applications
 Used in
 wound dressing and drug
delivery microspheres
 cell and drug micro
encapsulation

21.  From vegetable sources
 Carboxy methyl cellulose
 Alginate
 Used in
 Cell immobillisation , drug
delivery system & as a
dialysis membrane
 Injectable microcapsules of
neuro degenerative & for
hormone deficiency
disease

22.  Poly (lactic acid) ,
poly(glycolic acid) and their
copolymers.
 Poly (ethylene oxide)
 Used in sutures , drug
delivery system and tissue
engineering
 Used in protein delivery
skin treatment

23. MANUFACTURING SECTOR
EXAMPLE 1
Reference

24. MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Shown figure is for Boron epoxy prepreg
tape which is very useful in making
reinforced plastic.
These reinforced plastic parts have high
strength & less weight. These are very
useful for aircraft & aerospace
application
EXAMPLE 2
ReferenceReference

25. MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Reinforced plastics are processed by
open mould processing to create boat
hull as shown in the figure.
Shown example is widely used in marine
industry
EXAMPLE 3
Reference

26. MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Shown figure is about the material used
for making fibreglass ladders.
EXAMPLE 4
ReferenceReference

28.  Very cheap to manufacture
 Can be constructed relatively quickly
 They are thermosetting and thus do not melt
 Can be molded into any conceivable shape

29.  Non bio-degradable
 Easily breakable
 Flame retardancy is low
 They can produce toxic gasses when exposed to fire
 Low molecular weight polymers (Polyethylene bags) are difficult
to recycle
 Improper disposal leads to environmental pollution
 Undergo oxidation easily