Polyester Fibers
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This presentation summarizes key information about polyester fiber. It discusses that polyester is a synthetic polymer derived from the reaction of an alcohol and acid. The presentation provides microscopic views and describes the main types of polyester fibers, including polyethylene terephthalate and poly-1,4-cyclohexyline dimethylene terephthalate. It also outlines the manufacturing process of polyester filament and lists the physical and chemical properties of polyester fiber. Some common uses of polyester include clothing, home furnishings, and industrial applications like ropes and tires.
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Polyester fibre
The document discusses the fiber manufacturing process. There are two types of manufactured fibers: regenerated and synthetic. The fiber spinning process involves three main steps: 1) preparing a viscous dope or melt, 2) forcing the dope or melt through a spinneret to form fibers, and 3) solidifying the fibers through coagulation, evaporation or cooling. Polyester is one of the most widely used synthetic fibers and is made from polymers containing ester functional groups. It is strong, durable, wrinkle resistant and can be blended with other fibers like cotton and wool.
Sizing and details
Sizing is the process of applying an adhesive coating to yarn to prepare it for weaving. It increases the yarn's strength, smoothness, and ability to withstand abrasion. The key objectives of sizing are to improve weavability and maintain fabric quality. The sizing process involves applying a size recipe of materials like starch, binders, and lubricants to the yarn using a sizing machine. Factors like yarn count and size concentration affect the percentage of size taken up by the yarn. Common faults include uneven sizing or spots on the yarn. Proper sizing is important to increase efficiency and produce high quality fabrics.
Spun Laid Process, Melt Blown Process, Differences between spun laid Process ...
Spun Laid Process, Melt Blown Process, Differences between spun laid Process ...MD. SAJJADUL KARIM BHUIYAN
The document provides information on the spun laid and melt blown processes for producing nonwoven fabrics from polymers. In the spun laid process, polymers are extruded through spinnerets to form fine filaments, which are then deposited randomly onto a conveyor belt and bonded. The melt blown process extrudes polymers through a die containing many small holes, and high-velocity air streams attenuate the extruded fibers to form very fine fibers that are deposited onto a collector. Key differences between the processes are that the spun laid process produces thicker fibers that are later bonded, while the melt blown process produces very fine fibers through fiber attenuation using hot air streams.Advance spinning techniques
The document discusses various spinning techniques, including rotor spinning. It provides a history of rotor spinning, describing its development from early prototypes in the 1950s to widespread commercial use by the 1970s. It explains the basic operational sequence of rotor spinning, which involves feeding a sliver of fibers into a rapidly rotating rotor that separates, compacts, and twists the fibers into yarn. The document compares properties of rotor-spun and ring-spun yarns.
RING FRAME Machine
What is ring frame?
How it Works,
Purpose,
Action of Ring Frame,
Limitations,
Faults,
Shyamoli Textile Engineering College
Mercerization
The document discusses the process of mercerizing cotton fabrics. Mercerizing involves treating cotton yarns or fabrics with a cold or hot solution of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) under tension to improve properties like strength, luster, and dye affinity. Specifically, swelling the cotton fibers in the caustic soda solution changes their cross-sectional shape and increases luster when the tension is maintained during washing. There are different methods for mercerizing yarns, knits, and woven fabrics either as batches or continuously. The advantages of mercerizing include brighter dye colors, better color retention after washing, and increased strength, smoothness, and resistance to damage.
Milling of wool
Milling is a process that felts wool fabrics to make them thicker, fuller, and more uniform. It involves treating wool fabrics with moisture, heat, and pressure in a milling machine. There are several types of milling depending on the chemicals used, such as alkaline milling using sodium carbonate, soap milling using soap solutions, and acid milling using diluted sulfuric acid. The objective is to felt the wool fibers together to condense and shrink the fabric while also making the weave less visible. Milling improves the strength, handle, and appearance of the wool fabric.
spinning
The document discusses the key processes involved in yarn production, including:
1. Spinning preparatory processes like bale opening, cleaning, and mixing of fibers.
2. Carding to separate and align fibers into slivers.
3. Drawing to further mix and homogenize slivers.
4. Optional combing to remove short fibers for finer yarns.
5. Main spinning systems like ring spinning and open-end spinning to draft and twist fibers into yarn.
6. Winding yarn into packages for further processing or use in textiles.
Recommended
Polyester fibre
The document discusses the fiber manufacturing process. There are two types of manufactured fibers: regenerated and synthetic. The fiber spinning process involves three main steps: 1) preparing a viscous dope or melt, 2) forcing the dope or melt through a spinneret to form fibers, and 3) solidifying the fibers through coagulation, evaporation or cooling. Polyester is one of the most widely used synthetic fibers and is made from polymers containing ester functional groups. It is strong, durable, wrinkle resistant and can be blended with other fibers like cotton and wool.
Sizing and details
Sizing is the process of applying an adhesive coating to yarn to prepare it for weaving. It increases the yarn's strength, smoothness, and ability to withstand abrasion. The key objectives of sizing are to improve weavability and maintain fabric quality. The sizing process involves applying a size recipe of materials like starch, binders, and lubricants to the yarn using a sizing machine. Factors like yarn count and size concentration affect the percentage of size taken up by the yarn. Common faults include uneven sizing or spots on the yarn. Proper sizing is important to increase efficiency and produce high quality fabrics.
Spun Laid Process, Melt Blown Process, Differences between spun laid Process ...
Spun Laid Process, Melt Blown Process, Differences between spun laid Process ...MD. SAJJADUL KARIM BHUIYAN
The document provides information on the spun laid and melt blown processes for producing nonwoven fabrics from polymers. In the spun laid process, polymers are extruded through spinnerets to form fine filaments, which are then deposited randomly onto a conveyor belt and bonded. The melt blown process extrudes polymers through a die containing many small holes, and high-velocity air streams attenuate the extruded fibers to form very fine fibers that are deposited onto a collector. Key differences between the processes are that the spun laid process produces thicker fibers that are later bonded, while the melt blown process produces very fine fibers through fiber attenuation using hot air streams.Advance spinning techniques
The document discusses various spinning techniques, including rotor spinning. It provides a history of rotor spinning, describing its development from early prototypes in the 1950s to widespread commercial use by the 1970s. It explains the basic operational sequence of rotor spinning, which involves feeding a sliver of fibers into a rapidly rotating rotor that separates, compacts, and twists the fibers into yarn. The document compares properties of rotor-spun and ring-spun yarns.
RING FRAME Machine
What is ring frame?
How it Works,
Purpose,
Action of Ring Frame,
Limitations,
Faults,
Shyamoli Textile Engineering College
Mercerization
The document discusses the process of mercerizing cotton fabrics. Mercerizing involves treating cotton yarns or fabrics with a cold or hot solution of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) under tension to improve properties like strength, luster, and dye affinity. Specifically, swelling the cotton fibers in the caustic soda solution changes their cross-sectional shape and increases luster when the tension is maintained during washing. There are different methods for mercerizing yarns, knits, and woven fabrics either as batches or continuously. The advantages of mercerizing include brighter dye colors, better color retention after washing, and increased strength, smoothness, and resistance to damage.
Milling of wool
Milling is a process that felts wool fabrics to make them thicker, fuller, and more uniform. It involves treating wool fabrics with moisture, heat, and pressure in a milling machine. There are several types of milling depending on the chemicals used, such as alkaline milling using sodium carbonate, soap milling using soap solutions, and acid milling using diluted sulfuric acid. The objective is to felt the wool fibers together to condense and shrink the fabric while also making the weave less visible. Milling improves the strength, handle, and appearance of the wool fabric.
spinning
The document discusses the key processes involved in yarn production, including:
1. Spinning preparatory processes like bale opening, cleaning, and mixing of fibers.
2. Carding to separate and align fibers into slivers.
3. Drawing to further mix and homogenize slivers.
4. Optional combing to remove short fibers for finer yarns.
5. Main spinning systems like ring spinning and open-end spinning to draft and twist fibers into yarn.
6. Winding yarn into packages for further processing or use in textiles.
Chemical finishing in technical textile
Technical textiles are fabrics designed for their technical performance properties rather than aesthetics. Textile finishing treatments enhance fabric qualities after dyeing. There are various types of chemical finishes that impart new properties like waterproofing, flame resistance, and antimicrobial effects. Key chemical finishes discussed include waterproofing and water repellent finishes using chemicals like vulcanized rubber or fluorocarbons, flame repellent finishes using bromine or phosphorus, and antimicrobial finishes using triclosan or metallic salts. The presentation concludes that textile finishes significantly improve fabric appearance, performance, and protection from damages.
Multi phase and circular loom by Vignesh Dhanabalan
1. Multiphase weaving machines operate using either the warp direction shed wave principle or the weft direction shed wave principle to open multiple sheds simultaneously and insert weft yarn in multiple locations at once.
2. This allows multiphase looms to achieve 3 to 4 times higher productivity compared to single-phase looms when weaving simple standard fabrics.
3. Key components of multiphase looms include shed forming elements to open sheds in waves across the loom width, weft insertion using compressed air, and beat-up combs to consolidate the fabric.
Softening Finishes
Softening finishes are important textile treatments that make fabrics feel softer. Chemical softeners allow fabrics to have a soft, smooth hand. The main types of softeners are cationic, anionic, non-ionic, and amphoteric softeners. Cationic softeners provide excellent softening but can cause yellowing, while anionic softeners have lower softening ability but better compatibility. Silicone softeners provide unique softness and properties like durability and heat stability, but can be expensive. Softener selection depends on the desired properties like fastness, compatibility with other chemicals, and effect on processes like seam slippage or drying.
Finishing of wool
The document discusses various finishing processes used for wool fabrics, including methods to impart permanent set, control shrinkage, and moth proofing. It describes three main methods of permanent set - decatising, crabbing, and potting. Decatising uses steam under pressure to set the fibers, while crabbing uses heat and moisture. Potting involves boiling rolled wool fabrics to achieve a high degree of set. The document also covers concepts of shrinkage in wool and methods to control it, including landon shrinkage and compressive shrinkage treatments.
Different technique for investigation of fiber structure..
This document discusses different techniques for investigating fiber structure, including infrared absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Raman scattering of light. Infrared absorption spectroscopy can be used to determine chemical groups, molecular spacing, crystallinity, orientation, and molecular packing. X-ray diffraction provides information on molecular spacing, chemical bonding, crystallinity, and orientation. Optical diffraction and microscopy reveal features greater than 0.1 micrometers. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Raman scattering of light probe vibrational and rotational energy states to analyze fiber structure at the molecular level.
Elastomeric Fiber
Elastomeric fibers are fibers that can stretch to very high elongations (400-800%) and rapidly recover their original length. They include fibers made from natural and synthetic rubbers as well as spandex and polyacrylates. Elastomeric fibers are produced via a spinning process where polymers are mixed and reacted to form long chains, then extruded through spinnerets into a water bath or air to solidify. The fibers have excellent elasticity and strength even at high elongations. Common applications include clothing, automotive and industrial parts, coatings and more where elasticity is required.
Presentation - Viscose fibre
Viscose rayon is a regenerated cellulose fiber made from cellulose derived from wood or cotton. It is produced through a process involving the conversion of cellulose to a soluble compound called viscose, which is then spun through a spinneret into fibers and treated with acid. Viscose rayon is highly absorbent, soft, easy to dye, and drapes well. It is biodegradable and versatile. The manufacturing process involves treating cellulose with alkali and carbon disulfide to form sodium cellulose xanthate, which is then dissolved to create the viscose solution and spun into fibers.
Pilling and abrasion Testing of fabrics
This document discusses testing methods for pilling and abrasion resistance of fabrics. It describes that pilling is the formation of small balls of entangled fibers on fabric surfaces due to rubbing, and is influenced by fiber properties like strength and stiffness. Methods to measure pilling include objective counting/weighing of pills or subjective comparison to standards. Tests for pilling include the ICI pilling box method and Martindale abrasion tester. Abrasion resistance depends on fiber type, properties, yarn twist, and fabric structure, and is measured using the Martindale abrasion tester by recording cycles until thread breakage. Grading scales are used to assess levels of pilling and abrasion damage.
Compact Spinning System
The compact spinning is a process where fiber strand drawn by drafting system is condensed before twisting it.Following methods are used by machine manufacturers to condense the fiber strand.
1. Aerodynamic condensing.
2. Mechanical condensing.
3. Magnetic condensing.
Compact spinning has a promising future because of the higher production and improved quality of compact yarns
Calendering
Calendering is a process used to upgrade fabric handle and impart a smooth, silky touch. There are several types of calenders that produce different effects. The 7 bowl calender passes fabric between heated iron bowls and cotton bowls to compress, reduce thickness, and improve opacity and luster. Friction and Schreiner calenders use heated, engraved steel bowls to polish fabrics. Chasing and swizzing calenders overlap fabric layers to produce textured finishes. Felt calenders dry and finish fabrics using an endless felt blanket around a heated cylinder. Calendering effects depend on factors like moisture, bowl composition and arrangement, and pressure.
Drawing and texturising
This document provides an overview of drawing and texturizing processes in the textile industry. It begins with an introduction to filament production from man-made materials and defines drawing as a process used to orient polymer molecules and increase filament strength. Texturizing is defined as introducing crimps, loops or coils to filaments to create bulk. Common texturizing methods like false twist, draw texturizing and air jet texturizing are described. The document concludes with links to related textile technology Facebook pages.
Acetate Fiber
Acetate fiber is a manufactured fiber made from cellulose acetate. The fiber is produced by reacting purified cellulose with acetic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid. This process acetylates the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose. Acetate fiber dissolves in acetone and is extruded through spinnerets, then the solvent is evaporated leaving fine filaments. Acetate fiber has properties including luster, durability, softness, and resistance to moths and mildew. Major uses of acetate fiber include clothing, filters, ribbons, and playing cards.
Chemicals and Auxiliaries used in Textile Wet Processing
This document discusses various chemicals and auxiliaries used in textile wet processing. It defines auxiliaries as chemicals that help processing operations like preparation, dyeing and printing work more efficiently. Some common auxiliaries mentioned include surfactants, wetting agents, sequestering agents, dispersing agents and emulsifiers. Basic chemicals used in wet processing like acids, bases, salts, oxidizing and reducing agents are also discussed. The roles and examples of various chemicals are provided in concise points.
Fiber Science - Basics
This document provides an overview of fiber science, including the classification, properties, and manufacturing methods of various textile fibers. It begins by defining fibers and their basic demands, such as flexibility and a high length-to-thickness ratio. Fibers are then classified according to their origin as either natural or man-made. The properties of specific natural fibers like cotton, flax, and wool are described in detail. The document also discusses the physical and chemical properties of fibers and how man-made fibers are produced by extruding molten polymers through spinnerets to form filaments.
Abhi rana)4. dry laid non woven fabrics
This document discusses dry laid non-woven fabrics. It describes the four phases of non-woven technology: fiber selection, fiber preparation, web formation and layering, and bonding and stabilization of the web. It then provides details on different fiber properties and various web formation methods like carding, garnetting, air laying and centrifugal dynamic random carding. Finally, it covers bonding methods for non-wovens like needle punching, stitch bonding, thermal bonding and hydroentanglement.
Fibre Length.pdf
This document discusses various methods for measuring fibre length in textile materials like cotton and wool. It describes parameters used to characterize fibre length such as staple length, mean length, upper quartile length, and dispersion percentage. Methods covered include hand stapling, Shirley photoelectric stapler, comb sorter, weighing and clamping techniques, and optical methods using fibrographs and capacitive instruments like the Almeter. The document provides detailed explanations of each parameter and measurement technique.
Heat setting
Heat setting is a heat treatment process that imparts shape retention, crease resistance, resilience and elasticity to fibers. It involves four phases: heating, penetration, transition and stretch, and cooling. Heat setting can be carried out at different stages - in grey condition, after scouring, or after dyeing. Different methods are used for heat setting including contact, steam, hydro, tenter frame, and selective infrared methods. Heat setting results in structural and chemical modifications of fibers that change properties like strength, stretchability, softness, dyeability and sometimes color.
Fibers Forming Polymers and Polymer Structures
Fiber forming polymers are linear macromolecules that are usually suitable for making man-made fibers.
Based on molecular structure its divided by:
linear (end-to-end, flexible, like PVC, nylon)
branched
cross-linked (due to radiation, vulcanization, etc.)
network (similar to highly cross-linked structures)
wet laid web preparation
The document provides information about a non-woven fabric manufacturing seminar on wet-laid web preparation. It discusses the wet-laid nonwoven process, which is derived from paper making and involves mixing fibers with water to form a suspension, depositing the fibers on a moving wire to form a web, then drying and bonding the web. The document outlines the process steps, required machinery, factors that determine fiber compatibility with the process, defects that can occur, applications of wet-laid nonwovens, and concludes by discussing the process advantages and limitations.
Man made fiber spinning
This document summarizes man-made fiber spinning technology. There are three main types of spinning - melt, dry, and wet spinning. Melt spinning involves melting the polymer and extruding it through spinnerets. Dry spinning uses a volatile solvent to dissolve the polymer before extrusion. Wet spinning extrudes the polymer solution into a coagulating bath. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to investment cost, hazard level, heat requirement, and production speed. The document also discusses properties required for fiber-forming polymers and the basic spinning system components like spinnerets.
Polyester
Polyester fibers are long chain synthetic polymers composed of at least 85% ester units, most commonly polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET is produced via the reaction of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Other types of polyesters include poly-1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate and Vyron. Polyester fibers are strong, resistant to moisture and chemicals, thermally stable, and are widely used in clothing, home furnishings, and industrial applications like tire cord and conveyor belts due to their low cost, durability, and easy care properties.
Polyester
Presentation on Polyester By Kushagr , Manish , Neha , Nishu and Nitin , Bachelors in Fashion Technology , NIFT Delhi , India.
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Chemical finishing in technical textile
Technical textiles are fabrics designed for their technical performance properties rather than aesthetics. Textile finishing treatments enhance fabric qualities after dyeing. There are various types of chemical finishes that impart new properties like waterproofing, flame resistance, and antimicrobial effects. Key chemical finishes discussed include waterproofing and water repellent finishes using chemicals like vulcanized rubber or fluorocarbons, flame repellent finishes using bromine or phosphorus, and antimicrobial finishes using triclosan or metallic salts. The presentation concludes that textile finishes significantly improve fabric appearance, performance, and protection from damages.
Multi phase and circular loom by Vignesh Dhanabalan
1. Multiphase weaving machines operate using either the warp direction shed wave principle or the weft direction shed wave principle to open multiple sheds simultaneously and insert weft yarn in multiple locations at once.
2. This allows multiphase looms to achieve 3 to 4 times higher productivity compared to single-phase looms when weaving simple standard fabrics.
3. Key components of multiphase looms include shed forming elements to open sheds in waves across the loom width, weft insertion using compressed air, and beat-up combs to consolidate the fabric.
Softening Finishes
Softening finishes are important textile treatments that make fabrics feel softer. Chemical softeners allow fabrics to have a soft, smooth hand. The main types of softeners are cationic, anionic, non-ionic, and amphoteric softeners. Cationic softeners provide excellent softening but can cause yellowing, while anionic softeners have lower softening ability but better compatibility. Silicone softeners provide unique softness and properties like durability and heat stability, but can be expensive. Softener selection depends on the desired properties like fastness, compatibility with other chemicals, and effect on processes like seam slippage or drying.
Finishing of wool
The document discusses various finishing processes used for wool fabrics, including methods to impart permanent set, control shrinkage, and moth proofing. It describes three main methods of permanent set - decatising, crabbing, and potting. Decatising uses steam under pressure to set the fibers, while crabbing uses heat and moisture. Potting involves boiling rolled wool fabrics to achieve a high degree of set. The document also covers concepts of shrinkage in wool and methods to control it, including landon shrinkage and compressive shrinkage treatments.
Different technique for investigation of fiber structure..
This document discusses different techniques for investigating fiber structure, including infrared absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Raman scattering of light. Infrared absorption spectroscopy can be used to determine chemical groups, molecular spacing, crystallinity, orientation, and molecular packing. X-ray diffraction provides information on molecular spacing, chemical bonding, crystallinity, and orientation. Optical diffraction and microscopy reveal features greater than 0.1 micrometers. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Raman scattering of light probe vibrational and rotational energy states to analyze fiber structure at the molecular level.
Elastomeric Fiber
Elastomeric fibers are fibers that can stretch to very high elongations (400-800%) and rapidly recover their original length. They include fibers made from natural and synthetic rubbers as well as spandex and polyacrylates. Elastomeric fibers are produced via a spinning process where polymers are mixed and reacted to form long chains, then extruded through spinnerets into a water bath or air to solidify. The fibers have excellent elasticity and strength even at high elongations. Common applications include clothing, automotive and industrial parts, coatings and more where elasticity is required.
Presentation - Viscose fibre
Viscose rayon is a regenerated cellulose fiber made from cellulose derived from wood or cotton. It is produced through a process involving the conversion of cellulose to a soluble compound called viscose, which is then spun through a spinneret into fibers and treated with acid. Viscose rayon is highly absorbent, soft, easy to dye, and drapes well. It is biodegradable and versatile. The manufacturing process involves treating cellulose with alkali and carbon disulfide to form sodium cellulose xanthate, which is then dissolved to create the viscose solution and spun into fibers.
Pilling and abrasion Testing of fabrics
This document discusses testing methods for pilling and abrasion resistance of fabrics. It describes that pilling is the formation of small balls of entangled fibers on fabric surfaces due to rubbing, and is influenced by fiber properties like strength and stiffness. Methods to measure pilling include objective counting/weighing of pills or subjective comparison to standards. Tests for pilling include the ICI pilling box method and Martindale abrasion tester. Abrasion resistance depends on fiber type, properties, yarn twist, and fabric structure, and is measured using the Martindale abrasion tester by recording cycles until thread breakage. Grading scales are used to assess levels of pilling and abrasion damage.
Compact Spinning System
The compact spinning is a process where fiber strand drawn by drafting system is condensed before twisting it.Following methods are used by machine manufacturers to condense the fiber strand.
1. Aerodynamic condensing.
2. Mechanical condensing.
3. Magnetic condensing.
Compact spinning has a promising future because of the higher production and improved quality of compact yarns
Calendering
Calendering is a process used to upgrade fabric handle and impart a smooth, silky touch. There are several types of calenders that produce different effects. The 7 bowl calender passes fabric between heated iron bowls and cotton bowls to compress, reduce thickness, and improve opacity and luster. Friction and Schreiner calenders use heated, engraved steel bowls to polish fabrics. Chasing and swizzing calenders overlap fabric layers to produce textured finishes. Felt calenders dry and finish fabrics using an endless felt blanket around a heated cylinder. Calendering effects depend on factors like moisture, bowl composition and arrangement, and pressure.
Drawing and texturising
This document provides an overview of drawing and texturizing processes in the textile industry. It begins with an introduction to filament production from man-made materials and defines drawing as a process used to orient polymer molecules and increase filament strength. Texturizing is defined as introducing crimps, loops or coils to filaments to create bulk. Common texturizing methods like false twist, draw texturizing and air jet texturizing are described. The document concludes with links to related textile technology Facebook pages.
Acetate Fiber
Acetate fiber is a manufactured fiber made from cellulose acetate. The fiber is produced by reacting purified cellulose with acetic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid. This process acetylates the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose. Acetate fiber dissolves in acetone and is extruded through spinnerets, then the solvent is evaporated leaving fine filaments. Acetate fiber has properties including luster, durability, softness, and resistance to moths and mildew. Major uses of acetate fiber include clothing, filters, ribbons, and playing cards.
Chemicals and Auxiliaries used in Textile Wet Processing
This document discusses various chemicals and auxiliaries used in textile wet processing. It defines auxiliaries as chemicals that help processing operations like preparation, dyeing and printing work more efficiently. Some common auxiliaries mentioned include surfactants, wetting agents, sequestering agents, dispersing agents and emulsifiers. Basic chemicals used in wet processing like acids, bases, salts, oxidizing and reducing agents are also discussed. The roles and examples of various chemicals are provided in concise points.
Fiber Science - Basics
This document provides an overview of fiber science, including the classification, properties, and manufacturing methods of various textile fibers. It begins by defining fibers and their basic demands, such as flexibility and a high length-to-thickness ratio. Fibers are then classified according to their origin as either natural or man-made. The properties of specific natural fibers like cotton, flax, and wool are described in detail. The document also discusses the physical and chemical properties of fibers and how man-made fibers are produced by extruding molten polymers through spinnerets to form filaments.
Abhi rana)4. dry laid non woven fabrics
This document discusses dry laid non-woven fabrics. It describes the four phases of non-woven technology: fiber selection, fiber preparation, web formation and layering, and bonding and stabilization of the web. It then provides details on different fiber properties and various web formation methods like carding, garnetting, air laying and centrifugal dynamic random carding. Finally, it covers bonding methods for non-wovens like needle punching, stitch bonding, thermal bonding and hydroentanglement.
Fibre Length.pdf
This document discusses various methods for measuring fibre length in textile materials like cotton and wool. It describes parameters used to characterize fibre length such as staple length, mean length, upper quartile length, and dispersion percentage. Methods covered include hand stapling, Shirley photoelectric stapler, comb sorter, weighing and clamping techniques, and optical methods using fibrographs and capacitive instruments like the Almeter. The document provides detailed explanations of each parameter and measurement technique.
Heat setting
Heat setting is a heat treatment process that imparts shape retention, crease resistance, resilience and elasticity to fibers. It involves four phases: heating, penetration, transition and stretch, and cooling. Heat setting can be carried out at different stages - in grey condition, after scouring, or after dyeing. Different methods are used for heat setting including contact, steam, hydro, tenter frame, and selective infrared methods. Heat setting results in structural and chemical modifications of fibers that change properties like strength, stretchability, softness, dyeability and sometimes color.
Fibers Forming Polymers and Polymer Structures
Fiber forming polymers are linear macromolecules that are usually suitable for making man-made fibers.
Based on molecular structure its divided by:
linear (end-to-end, flexible, like PVC, nylon)
branched
cross-linked (due to radiation, vulcanization, etc.)
network (similar to highly cross-linked structures)
wet laid web preparation
The document provides information about a non-woven fabric manufacturing seminar on wet-laid web preparation. It discusses the wet-laid nonwoven process, which is derived from paper making and involves mixing fibers with water to form a suspension, depositing the fibers on a moving wire to form a web, then drying and bonding the web. The document outlines the process steps, required machinery, factors that determine fiber compatibility with the process, defects that can occur, applications of wet-laid nonwovens, and concludes by discussing the process advantages and limitations.
Man made fiber spinning
This document summarizes man-made fiber spinning technology. There are three main types of spinning - melt, dry, and wet spinning. Melt spinning involves melting the polymer and extruding it through spinnerets. Dry spinning uses a volatile solvent to dissolve the polymer before extrusion. Wet spinning extrudes the polymer solution into a coagulating bath. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to investment cost, hazard level, heat requirement, and production speed. The document also discusses properties required for fiber-forming polymers and the basic spinning system components like spinnerets.
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Multi phase and circular loom by Vignesh Dhanabalan
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Different technique for investigation of fiber structure..
Different technique for investigation of fiber structure..
Chemicals and Auxiliaries used in Textile Wet Processing
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Similar to Polyester Fibers
Polyester
Polyester fibers are long chain synthetic polymers composed of at least 85% ester units, most commonly polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET is produced via the reaction of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Other types of polyesters include poly-1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate and Vyron. Polyester fibers are strong, resistant to moisture and chemicals, thermally stable, and are widely used in clothing, home furnishings, and industrial applications like tire cord and conveyor belts due to their low cost, durability, and easy care properties.
Polyester
Presentation on Polyester By Kushagr , Manish , Neha , Nishu and Nitin , Bachelors in Fashion Technology , NIFT Delhi , India.
Polyester fibers
Polyester fibers are long chain synthetic polymers composed of at least 85% ester units, most commonly polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET is produced via the reaction of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Polyester fibers are strong, durable, resistant to moisture and chemicals, and can be manufactured into filaments or staple fibers. They are widely used to make clothing, home furnishings, industrial products, and frequently blended with other fibers like cotton and wool.
garments---Effect of blent ratio on quality of polyester/cotton yarns
This document provides an introduction and overview of a project presentation on the effect of blend ratio on the quality of polyester/cotton yarns. The project aims to compare different blend ratios in terms of yarn quality parameters to determine the best quality blended yarn. Literature on cotton, polyester, and blended fibers is reviewed, including properties, objectives of blending, and blending types. The document outlines the project structure, which involves testing polyester/cotton blend yarns against 100% cotton yarn across quality metrics like CVm%, strength, and hairiness.
Polyester
Polyester is a synthetic polymer made from petroleum-based raw materials. It was first developed in the 1940s and commercialized in the 1950s under the name Dacron. The document provides details on the history, manufacturing process, properties, uses, care instructions, and future developments of polyester fiber. It summarizes the key characteristics that make polyester durable, wrinkle and stain resistant, and easy to care for in clothing and other applications.
Polyester Presentation
Polyester is a synthetic polymer made from petroleum-based raw materials through a process of polymerization. It is strong, wrinkle and stain resistant, and retains its shape well. Common forms of polyester include filament, staple, tow, and fiberfill. It is widely used in clothing, home furnishings like carpets and curtains, and other applications like tires and hoses due to its desirable properties. Researchers are working on developing more sustainable and biodegradable forms of polyester.
COMPARISON OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC ANTI MIGRANTS IN CONTINUOUS DYEING OF 100...
COMPARISON OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC ANTI MIGRANTS IN CONTINUOUS DYEING OF 100...International Journal of Technical Research & Application
As we know polyester is a synthetic fiber and has
more crystalline structure than natural fibers. In continuous
dyeing of polyester by pad-Thermosol process, there are many
advantages such as bulk production, low-cost, good efficiency etc.
But during dyeing process there is a severe problem occurs that
is dye migration .in order to control the dye migration different
migration inhibitors are used in this project. Both natural and
synthetic migration inhibitors are applied on the 100% polyester
fabric in order to compare that which migration inhibitor hives
better results on the pad-Thermosol process.
After comparing the different properties of the both migration
inhibitors the synthetic inhibitors found more efficient then the
natural one. The following tests were conducted during project:
Migration test, tensile strength, color strength, bending length,
light fatness.
Synthetic migration inhibitors gives better results for the tests
which were conducted .but there is a problem that the synthetic
migration inhibitors are not environmental friendly and they are
costly then natural migration inhibitors.Polyester(man made fibres)
Introduction of polyester fibre
Forms of polyester
Microscopic view
Different structure and appearance of polyester
Characteristics of polyester
Manufacturing of polyester
Properties of polyester
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Thermal properties
Polyester Manufacturing and Polystyrene.pptx
- Polyester is a polymer containing an ester functional group in each repeating unit of its main chain. Common polyesters include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
- PET is produced from ethylene glycol and purified terephthalic acid or its ester, and is used to make polyester fibers, films, and beverage bottles. PBT has good chemical and heat resistance and is used for electrical components and automotive parts.
- Unsaturated polyesters are produced from glycols and acids or anhydrides and cured into thermoset polymers used in applications like fiberglass composites. Specialty polyesters include cast films
Mdraft / Dual Core systems
Spandex (also known as Lycra or elastane) and T400/PES are two widely used fibers in textiles. Spandex is an elastic synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity, able to stretch over 500% without breaking. T400/PES is an elastomultiester fiber made of a combination of polyesters, which gives elastic properties to fabrics. Dual-core yarns combining Spandex with T400/PES or other fibers provide fabrics with high stretch, excellent recovery, dimensional stability, and low shrinkage for a custom fit that lasts.
Polyester presentation
Polyester is a synthetic fiber made from petroleum-based raw materials through a process of polymerization. In the 1920s, DuPont began researching synthetic fibers, first developing nylon. Later research in the UK resulted in the creation of polyester fiber, called Terylene. DuPont purchased rights to produce polyester in the US in 1946 under the name Dacron. Polyester is strong, durable, wrinkle and stain resistant, and retains its shape well, making it useful for outdoor clothing. It can be blended with other fibers and is easily washed and dried.
Polyester fabric
Polyester fiber is a synthetic fiber made from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. The production process involves mixing the raw materials, polymerization, melting and spinning into filaments. Polyester has good chemical resistance, is strong and resilient, quick drying, and wrinkle resistant. It is used widely in clothing, home furnishings, and other applications like ropes and tires. While polyester has advantages, it can be damaged by some acids and bases and has low thermal resistance.
polyester presentation
Polyester is a synthetic polymer made from petroleum-derived materials through a condensation reaction between an acid and an alcohol. The most common polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In the 1920s, DuPont began researching synthetic fibers including nylon and polyester known as Terylene in the UK and Dacron in the US. Polyester fibers are hydrophobic, quick drying, wrinkle resistant, and durable, making them useful for clothing, home goods, and plastic bottles. The global polyester market was estimated at 5.8 million tonnes in 2012 with Europe and North America being the largest markets.
Ppt on polyster matrix in rockwool fiber and cobalt particulates
This document discusses polyester matrix composites containing rockwool fibers and cobalt particulates. It provides background on the history and manufacturing of polyester and describes the composition, manufacturing, and characteristics of rockwool fibers. When combined in a polyester matrix, the materials demonstrate improved mechanical and thermal properties suitable for insulation applications. The document examines the individual components and their properties to understand the composite.
Mind space invaders
Synthetic fibers are man-made polymers created by linking small chemical units called monomers into long chains called polymers. Common synthetic fibers include nylon, polyester, acrylic, acetate, spandex, aramid, and olefin. They are produced through processes like melt spinning, wet spinning, and dry spinning. Synthetic fibers have properties like high chemical resistance, strength, and availability but are flammable and do not absorb moisture well. They are widely used to make clothing, home textiles, and industrial materials due to their low cost and unique properties compared to natural fibers.
Fibre, nylon & polyester
Fibre, Nylon & Polyester
The document discusses different types of fibres including natural, synthetic and regenerated fibres. It provides details on various natural fibres like cotton, linen and wool obtained from plants and animals. Synthetic fibres discussed include nylon and polyester which are manufactured by polymerization of monomers. The manufacturing process involves polymerization, spinning and drawing. Properties and uses of nylon and polyester are also highlighted. Issues with silk production and potential uses of artificial muscles created from common materials like fishing line are summarized.
The Uses for Nylon and Polyester.pdf
What is the reason these fabrics become a reality? Wallace Carothers is the one who is acknowledged as the inventor of nylon fabric in the year 1935. Before the Second World War, it was not available for use by the public.
Man made fiber spinnning technology and commonly used man made fiber producti...
This document provides an overview of man-made fiber formation and regenerated fibers. It discusses the basic principles of fiber manufacturing including converting the fiber-forming substance into a fluid and extruding it through spinnerets. Melt spinning and solution spinning methods are described. Regenerated fibers like viscose rayon and cellulose acetate are discussed, including their manufacturing processes. Properties and uses of various fibers like polyester, nylon 6, and nylon 6,6 are also summarized.
Polyester_Fiber_Nylon_By_Ankit_Jaiswal
The document discusses different types of fibres including natural, synthetic and man-made fibres. It provides details about various natural fibres such as cotton, linen and wool obtained from plants and animals. Synthetic fibres discussed include nylon and polyester which are manufactured by polymerization of monomers through processes like spinning and drawing. Nylon-6,6 is synthesized from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid while polyester is formed by the reaction of alcohol and carboxylic acid. Both fibres find a variety of applications. The document also highlights some issues with silk and artificial muscle production processes.
Man made fiber
This document discusses man-made fibers, including their classification and production processes. It begins by listing reference books on textile fibers. It then defines textile fibers and their key properties. There are two main types of man-made fibers: regenerated fibers made from cellulose, such as viscose, and synthetic fibers produced through chemical reactions, like polyester and nylon. These fibers are made using processes like melt spinning, dry spinning, and wet spinning. The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of man-made fibers compared to natural fibers, as well as various fiber properties and texturing methods.
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Polyester Fibers
- 1. A presentation on Polyester Fiber 1
- 2. Presented by oS. M. ZAKI MUJAHID Roll No.: 172219 1st Batch, Session : 2017-18 Dept. of Textile Engineering Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh 2
- 3. Introduction • Polyester is a man-made synthetic polymer filament or staple fiber which is derived as a salt formed from the reaction between an alcohol & an acid. • Polyester fiber are chemically composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester of a substitute atomic carboxylic acid, including but not restricted to substituted Terephthalate units and Para substituted hydeoxybenzoate units. • Here degree of polymerization is 115-140. Fig: Polyester Fiber 3
- 4. Microscopic View Figure: Microscopic view of Polyester 4
- 5. Types of Polyester • Polyethylene Terephthalate fiber (PET Polyester) • Poly-1,4-cyclo hexyline Dimethylene Terephthalate fiber (PCDT Polyester) • Other type of polyester fiber 5
- 6. Chemistry of Polyester Polymer Figure: Polymerization of Polyester (Left: PET; Right: PCDT) 6
- 7. Manufacturing of Polyester (PET) Filament • Polymerization • Drying • Melt spinning • Drawing the fiber • Winding 7
- 8. Properties Of Polyester Physical Properties • Tenacity: up to 85 cN/tex • Elastic Recovery : @2% =98; @5% = 65 • Hygroscopic Nature • Moisture Regain: 0.2-0.5 % • Thermal Properties • Heat Resist: 150-200 C Chemical Properties • Effect Of Acids • Effect Of Alkalis • Effect Of Bleaches • Sunlight • Micro-Organisms 8
- 10. Characteristics of Polyester Fiber • Strong • Resistant to stretching and shrinking • Resistant to most chemicals • Quick drying • Crisp and resilient when wet or dry • Wrinkle resistant • Mildew resistant • Abrasion resistant • Retains heat-set pleats and crease • Easily washed 10
- 11. Blending of Polyester with Fibers • Polyester-Cotton (Resist wrinkles, Resist stains, Retain shape) • Polyester-Wool (Wrinkle resistance, Shape retention, Increase durability) • Polyester-Rayon (More durable, Shape retention, More resilience) • Polyester-Spandex (Used in active-wear) 11
- 12. Uses of Polyester Fiber • Apparel: Every form of clothing. • Home Furnishings: Carpets, curtains, draperies, sheets and pillow cases, wall coverings, and upholstery. • Other Uses: Hoses, power belting, ropes and nets, thread, tire cord, auto upholstery, sails, floppy disk liners, and fiberfill for various products including pillows and furniture. 12
- 13. Limitation of Polyester • Low absorbency • Static & pilling form • Temperature sensitive • Not as breathable • Not environment friendly. 13
- 14. 14