The document provides a comprehensive overview of polyester fibers, covering their introduction, manufacturing process, and characteristics including physical, chemical, and thermal properties. It explains the different forms of polyester and their structure, appearance, and performance, highlighting their durability, resistance to environmental factors, and suitability for various applications. The document also details the effects of various substances and conditions on polyester, asserting its stability and ease of use in textile engineering.

1. JAWAHAR LAL NEHRUGOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SUNDERNAGAR
distt.MANDI( H.P.)
NAME:- RITISH RANA
BRANCH:-TEXTILE ENGG.
SUBJECT:- MANMADE FIBRES

2. POLYESTER FIBRE

3. Content
 Introduction of polyester fibre
 Forms of polyester
 Microscopic view
 Different structure and appearance of polyester
 Characteristics of polyester
 Manuracturing of polyester
 Properties of polyester
 Physical properties
 Chemical properties
 Thermal properties
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Page 8-11
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4. POLYESTER
Polyester fibres are formed from synthetic polymer , manufactured by the action of poly-
functional acids with poly-function alcohol. The fibre forming polymer is a long linear
polymer with repeating ester groups in its structure .
Being an ester , it is made from an acid , benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid), and
an alcohol, ethane-1,2-diol
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5. FILAMENT STAPLE
TOW FIBERFILL
FORMS OF
POLYESTER
2

6. FILAMENT
FORM
• Polyester form continuous in length, producing
smooth-surfaced fabrics
STAPLE
FORM
• Filament are cut to short , predetermined lengths.
• Easier to blend with other fibres
TOW
• A form in which continuous filament are drawn
loosely together
FIBREFILL
• The voluminious from used in the manufacture of
pillows and outerwear
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7. MICROSCOPIC VIEW
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8. DIFFERENT STRUCTURE OF POLYESTER
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9. STRUCTURE AND APPEARANCE
COLOURLESS AND TRANSPARENT
SMOOTH AND LUSTURE
SHAPE AS WE REQUIRE
SHINY GLASS ROD LIKE
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10. CHARACTERISTICS OF
POLYESTERSTRONG
VERY DURABLE
RESISTANT TO STRETCHING AND SHRINKING
QUICK DRAWIMG
WRINKLE RESISTANCE
MILDEW RESISTANCE
RETAINS ITS SHAPE GOOD FOR MAKING OUTDOOR CLOTHING
EASILY WASHED
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11. MANUFACTURING POLYESTER
Preparation of raw material(DMT,ethylene,etc.)
Mixing tank
Polymerization in reactor(temp.-260-280degree c , time-3/6hr
Polymer chips
Melt spinning
Polyester filament produced from spinnert holes( monofilament,
multifilament)
Drawing
Reeling onto a package or texturization
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12. MELT SPINNING POLYMER FROM CHIP
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13. POLYMER SYSTEM
Polyester fibre forming polymer is a long linear polymer and its
degree of polymerization is 115 to 140 where molecular weight is
around 20000. Important groups are –CH2,-CO,-OCO and held in
polymer through by vander walls forces , H-Bond. Polyester
polymer length is 120 to 150micrometer and 0.6micrometer thick.
It is 65% to 85% crystalline . –OH, -COOH are the functional
groups of polyester.
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14. Macro Structure Of Polyester
LENGTH:-Its can be made in both staple and filament form.
Fibre Diameter:-12 to 25micrometer
Length width ratio:-2000:1
Appearance:-smooth
Cross section:-generally have round cross section but may be
triangle ,oval and rectangle shaped
Colour:-generally white
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15. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYESTER
Specific gravity:- 1.38
Moisture regain:-0 to 0.4% at standard condition due to having extremely crystallinity and lack of
polarity.
Tenacity( dry/wet):-7-8gm/denier for high tenacity filament,4.5-5.5gm/denier for normal tenacity
filament,3.5-4gm/denier for staple fibres
Elongation:-8-11%for high tenacity,15-30%for medium tenacity,25-45%for staple fibre
Bending recovery:-Good
Resiliency:-very good
Abrasion resistance:-not good.Abrasion resistance of normal polyester is less than that high tenacity
one.
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16. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES POLYESTER
 Effects of moisture:-polyester absorbs only a very small amount of amount of
moisture and tenacity and elongation are unaffected by moisture
 Effect of bleaches:- Not effected by oxidizing and reducing bleaches
 Effect of acid:- Polyester fibres are highly resistance to material and organic acids.
Weak acid can not effected on them on even on boiling. Strong material such as
H2SO4 can only hydrolyze them on boiling for hours together.
 Effect of alkali:- polyester is very much resistant to alkalis.Only strong hot alkalis
result in a slow thinning of the diameter by sponification
 Effect of organic solvents:- resistant to all dry cleaning solvents.
 Dye ability:- disperse dye and some pigments can be used for coloration.
 Effect of sunlight:- Have good resistance to sunlight becomes weak when expose in
sunlight for long time.
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17. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF POLYESTER
Polyester fibre is the most thermally stable synthetic fibre.If heat setting is not done
properly then shrinkage occurs. At high temp. polyester melts and burns
Softening temp.:-69degree c.
Melting temp.:-250-265 degree c.
Sticking temp.:-230-240 degree c.
Ironing temp.:-135 degree c.
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