Pollen development in cyperaceae
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In Cyperaceae plants like sedges, only one of the four nuclei formed after meiosis functions during pollen development, while the other three degenerate. The functional nucleus remains in the center and divides to form a vegetative cell and generative cell, while the non-functional nuclei are pushed to the side and may begin to divide abortively before degenerating. As a result, within each pollen tetrad of Cyperaceae, only one pollen grain becomes functional, similar to how one megaspore becomes functional during embryo sac development in these plants.
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- Vegetative reproduction occurs through rhizome tubers. Sexual reproduction involves spores germinating to produce haploid gametophytes bearing antheridia and archegonia for fertilization and diploid sporophyte development.
EMBRYO SAC DEVE-WPS Office.pptx
The embryo sac, also known as the female gametophyte, is an oval structure found in flowering plants' ovules. It develops from a single megaspore nucleus splitting and contains two haploid nuclei and six haploid cells without cell walls. During fertilization, one male nucleus joins with the egg nucleus to form a zygote, while the other male nucleus fuses with the polar nuclei to form the endosperm nucleus. The embryo sac can take different forms depending on the number of megaspores involved in its development, including monosporic, bisporic, and tetrasporic types. The most common is the monosporic 8-nucleated polygonum type embryo sac.
Kingdom Plantae presented by Vrushali Gharat to Mr. Kailash vilegave
Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Economic importance Algae.
Ulothrix
Reproduction
Mosses and Liverwort
life cycle of all plants.
Structure and evolution of female gametophyteof gymnosperms
This document summarizes the structure and evolution of the female gametophyte in gymnosperms. It describes that the female gametophyte develops within an ovule located in female cones. The megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form four megaspores, with one developing into the multicellular female gametophyte contained within an archegonium. The ovule is surrounded by one or more integuments. Theories on the evolution of the ovule integument include it developing from lateral foliar appendages, a synangium structure, or fused telomes. The telome concept explains the independent, multipl origins of the pteridosperm ovule structure.
Megasporogenesis
This document discusses megasporogenesis and development of the female gametophyte or embryo sac in plants. It describes how one cell in the nucellus develops into the megaspore mother cell, which then undergoes meiosis to form four megaspores. Typically one megaspore remains functional and develops into the embryo sac through three mitotic divisions, forming eight nuclei that develop into the various cell types of the embryo sac: egg, synergids, central cell, and sometimes antipodals. Various types of embryo sac development are described, from the most common monosporic type to rarer tetrasporic types. The roles and structures of the egg, synergids, and antipodals
SEED SCALE COMPLEX GYMNOSPERMS
This document discusses the evolution of conifer cones and seed scales. It describes Stewart and Florin's hypotheses about the origin of ovuliferous scales from modified fertile shoots. Key points include:
- Florin proposed that ovuliferous scales evolved from dwarf, ovule-bearing shoots that became highly condensed and modified.
- Early precursors like Lebachia and Erniodendron had short fertile shoots in their axils with some sterile and one fertile scale bearing an ovule.
- Over time, more scales fused and ovules became adnate to the underside of scales, leading to the modern conifer cone possessing specialized seed scale complexes.
Development of female gametophyte
The document summarizes different types of embryo sac development in angiosperms. It describes three main types: monosporic, bisporic, and tetrasporic. Monosporic develops from one megaspore and is the most common (Polygonum type). Bisporic develops from one of two dyads formed after meiosis I. Tetrasporic involves all four haploid nuclei developing in a single cell (coeno-megaspore), making it more genetically heterogeneous. Several sub-types of each are described based on nuclear positioning, division, and organization in the mature sac.
Class 12||Chapter 2|| Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants
This chapter includes flowers, their detailed structure and developmental processess which took place durin sexual reproduction. Helpful for Board and NEET students.
Fell free for any query or suggestion
Mail us on: biologypratham@gmail.com
Website : www.prathambiology.in
Ovule structure & types
This PPT has intended to explore the ovule of angiosperms and its diversity for undergraduate students of plant sciences.
Megaspore-Structure & Speciality
The document discusses the structure and types of ovules in plants. It begins by defining an ovule as the developmental precursor of seeds, which originated around 400 million years ago. Ovules consist of a nucellus and one or two integuments and can vary in position, nucellus thickness, number of integuments, and curvature. The document then describes the components of ovules like the funicle, hilum, integuments, micropyle, nucellus, chalaza, and embryo sac. It also discusses the different types of ovules including orthotropous, anatropous, hemi-anatropous, campylotropous, amp
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants 2
Reproduction ensures continuity of species generation after generations as the older individuals undergo senescence and die. Flowering plants shows sexual mode of reproduction and bears complex reproductive units as male and female reproductive units along with accessary structures.
Flower is a modified stem which functions as a reproductive organ and produces ova and/or pollen. A typical angiospermic flower consists of four whorls of floral appendages attached on the receptacle: calyx, corolla, androecium (male reproductive organ consisting of stamens) and gynoecium (composed of ovary, style and stigma) .
Table of Contents:
a. Structure
b. Reproductive Structure
c. Androecium
d. Microsporogenesis
e. Gynoecium
f. Megasporogenesis
g. Pollination
h. Fertilization
i. Functions
Explore sexual reproduction in flowering plants notes to learn about the reproductive structure of the flower and the process of pollination.
Types of embryo sac.pptx
There are three main types of embryo sacs: monosporic, bisporic, and tetrasporic. Monosporic embryo sacs develop from one megaspore, while bisporic involve two megaspores and tetrasporic involve four. Specific examples provided include Polygonum and Oenothera for monosporic, Allium and Endymion for bisporic, and Pepromea, Penea, and Drusa for tetrasporic embryo sacs. The document outlines the nuclear divisions and arrangements that characterize different embryo sac subtypes.
All about Gnetum (Gymnosperm)
This document provides an overview of the order Gnetales, focusing on the genus Gnetum. It discusses the historical classification of Gnetales, their systematic position and distribution. Key characteristics include woody stems, opposite leaves, and unisexual flowers. Reproduction involves dioecious cones and pollination by wind. The female gametophyte is tetrasporic. Embryo development shows similarities to both gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gnetum species resemble dicots anatomically and share traits with both gymnosperms and angiosperms. Images of some Indian Gnetum species are also provided.
Cleavage 1
This document discusses cleavage, the process by which a fertilized egg undergoes cell division to form a multicellular embryo. It describes key terms related to cleavage such as furrow, morula, blastula, blastocoel, blastocyst, blastomere, and gastrula. It explains different types of cleavage including holoblastic, where the cleavage furrow extends through the entire egg, and meroblastic, where cleavage is incomplete. Within these categories are subtypes like radial, spiral, bilateral, discoidal, and superficial cleavage that describe the orientation and extent of the cell divisions. Factors like the amount and distribution of yolk in the egg influence the cleavage pattern.
Slide share//sumia fatema//Asexual reproduction in algae (2)
This document discusses the different types of asexual reproduction in algae. It describes 8 types of asexual spores: zoospores, hypnospores, akinetes, cysts, palmella stage, aplanospores, autospores, and endospores. For each type, it provides details on their structure, when and how they are formed, and how they allow algae to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. The document is authored by Dr. Sumia Zafar from the Department of Botany at Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women.
psilotum structure and reproduction.pptx
Psilotum is a genus of whisk ferns found in tropical and subtropical regions. It has a rhizome and aerial branches, and reproduces both asexually and sexually. Asexually, it produces spores inside structures called synangia. Each synangium has a trilobed structure with three locules filled with homosporous spores. The synangium splits open along three lines for spore dispersal.
Meaning of seed habit of pre ovule
1. The document discusses the origin and evolution of seeds from pre-ovules. It describes how seeds evolved from megasporangium through a series of steps including the formation of integument and micropyles.
2. Fossil structures from the Devonian and Carboniferous periods called pre-ovules provide evidence for the transition from naked megasporangium to ovules with fused integuments. These pre-ovules had unfused or partially fused integumentary lobes lacking a defined micropyle.
3. The degree of fusion of integumentary lobes in various fossil structures like Genomosperma, Physostoma and Stamnostoma demonstrate the progressive
Similar to Pollen development in cyperaceae (20)
Kingdom Plantae presented by Vrushali Gharat to Mr. Kailash vilegave
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Structure and evolution of female gametophyteof gymnosperms
Structure and evolution of female gametophyteof gymnosperms
Class 12||Chapter 2|| Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants
Class 12||Chapter 2|| Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants
Slide share//sumia fatema//Asexual reproduction in algae (2)
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Pollen development in cyperaceae
- 1. pollen development in cyperaceae 1 Chandana M Asst Prof Department of Botany
- 2. Development of Pollen in Cyperaceae In all members of the Cyperaceae out of the four nuclei formed after meiosis, only one functions, the others degenerate. The functional nucleus remains in the centre and the three non-functional nuclei are pushed to a side. In Cyphers, Kyllinga, and Scirpus the non-functional nuclei are separated from the functional nucleus by a wall. Walls are also laid between the nonfunctional nuclei. The functional nucleus divides to form a vegetative cell and a generative cell. The non-functional nuclei may also begin to divide but the divisions are abortive, and they eventually degenerate. Thus in a tetrad, only one pollen grain is functional. This feature is similar to the behavior of megaspores in the development of monosporic embryo sac. 2
- 3. Development of Pollen in Cyperaceae 3
- 4. • The earliest cytological study in this family by Elfving (1879) has es tablished the characteristic position of Cyperaceae in the cytological fields in Angiosperms. • family Cyperaceae, Carex produces a unique pollen type known as a pseudomonad in which all four microspores of the tetrad are enclosed within the wall of a single pollen grain. 4
- 5. THANK YOU