Pollens are tiny particles released from plants during pollination that can cause allergies in some people. An allergy is an immune system response to a normally harmless foreign substance. Key allergens include pollen proteins that are released from plants and trigger an immune response involving immunoglobulin E and mast cells that leads to allergy symptoms. Diagnosis methods include skin prick tests and RAST blood tests to identify specific allergens, while treatments involve antihistamines, decongestants, immunotherapy, and preventing exposure to allergens.

1. PRESENTED BY RAJARSHI KONER
VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY
UNDER GUIDE BY
DR. PRAKASH KARMAKAR

2. WHAT IS POLLEN
Pollens are tiny microscopic particles
present in the air, liberated from the plants
due to pollination purposes.

3. WHAT IS ALLERGY?
An allergy is an immune system
response to a foreign substance
that’s not typically harmful to your
body.
The term allergy was first coined
on july 24,1906 by Clemens Von
Pirquet,a pediatrician from
Vienna.
Clemens von pirquet

4. POLLEN AS ALLERGEN
Pollen male reproductive cell.
Mission fertilization
Sometimes do not reaches
their target.
Causing allergy

5. When pollen grains develop within the anther
tapetum during pollen wall formation, some protein
factors get deposited in the intra-tapetal chamber.
proteins are highly soluble in water, quite liable in
nature and get released immediately when they are
logged on the stigmatic surface of flower or nasal
mucosa or conjunctive of human beings and causes
allergy.

6. Ambrosia psilostachya L. Lolium perenne L
LIST OF PLANT CAUSING POLLEN
ALLERGY
Betula papyrifera L.
Chenopodium album L. Morus rubra L. Cannabis sativa L.

7. Prevalence of pollen allerg y
(hay fever)
– global and regional –
Centre Hay fever (over the last 15 years)
% Change per year (%)
Africa (English speaking) 29.5 0.39
Africa (French speaking) 21.4 - 0.26
Asia-Pacific 23.9 0.24
Eastern Mediterranean 20.1 0.66
Indian sub-continent 15.8 0.74
Latin America 23.7 1.03
North America 33.3 - 1.12
Northern & Eastern Europe 12.3 0.19
Oceania 39.8 0.48
Western Europe 21.2 0.31
Global total 22.1 0.3
Reported hay fever in 13- to 14-yr-old children for each centre by region participating both in
ISAAC Phase I and Phase III.

8. IMMUNE SYSTEM
 Adenoids
 Blood vessels
 Bone marrow
 Lymph nodes
 Lymphatic vessels
 Peyer's patches.
 Spleen.
 Thymus.

9. COMPONENTS OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS
Immunoglobuin E(IgE)
Fig:-Immunoglobuin E (IgE)
 The concentration of IgE
is the lowest in blood
serum (about 0.002%)
 It is responsible for
hypersensitive reaction or
allergy
 IgE bound to basophiles
and mast cells where it
mediate the release of
histamine that cause
immediate type of hyper
sensitivity

10. B cell:
 B lymphocyte producing cell originate from
bone marrow
 In mammals B-cells mature within the bone
marrow and released from there enter into
lymph gland
 Encounter by specific antigen, B-cells get
activated into memory & plasma cell
T-cell:
 When B-cell released from bone marrow it
migrate to thymus gland, hence known as T-
cells.
 It represents 70-80% of total lymphocytes

11. Mast cells:
 Mast cells precursor are formed on the
bone marrow.
 Mast cell release the mediator that cause
the patho-physiology of the immediate
and late phase of atopic disease.
Basophils:
 Basophils are phagocytic motile,
polymorohonuclear granulocyte found
in differentiate form.
 Basophils granules contain heparin and
histamine that cause constuction of
smooth muscles and endothelial cells.

12. Hypersensitivity-I
Immunoglobuin E(IgE) Mediated
Fig:-Immunoglobuin E (IgE)
 The concentration of IgE
is the lowest in blood
serum (about 0.002%)
 It is responsible for
hypersensitive reaction or
allergy
 IgE bound to basophiles
and mast cells where it
mediate the release of
histamine that cause
immediate type of hyper
sensitivity

13. MECHANISM OF ALLERGIC
REACTION
It occurs in two phases
Sensitization phase Effector phase

14. MECHANISM OF ALLERGY IN DIAGRAM
Fig:- Mechanism of allergy

15. Itching nose Watery eyes
Running nose headacheSwelling of eyes

16. DIAGNOSIS
Skin Prick test:
 With skin prick test, a health care
doctor uses a needle to place a tiny
amount of pollen extract just bellow
the surface of the skin on the lower
arm or back if the patient is allergy
there will be swelling or redness at
the test side
Radio allergy sorbent
test(RAST):
This is specific IgE blood testing
This is the alter test of skin test.

17. Antihistamines:
 Ioratadine (Zyrtec)
 Diphenhydramine(Benadryl)
Decongestants:
 Pseudoephedrine(Sudafed)
 Oxymetazoline(Afrin nasal spray)
MEDICATION

18. Immunotherapy
Allergy shots:-
A treatment program, which can take
three to five years, consists
of injection of a diluted allergy
extract
Allergy shots alter the body's
immune response to allergens.
Sublingual tablets:-
Patients dissolve a tablet under the
tongue daily

19. PREVENTION
Limit outdoor activities when pollen counts are high.
Keep windows closed during pollen season.
Start taking allergy medicine before pollen season
begins
Bath & shampoo hair before going to bed.
Keep house and lawn clean.
Avoid allergenic sources.

20. CONCLUSION
 The pollens are tiny, microscopic particle present in the air dispersed
from the plant, and its show diversification of shape, size and colour.
So these all about good fact of pollen.
 The bad fact of the pollen that it causes allergy to human body. But all
the plant not causing allergy, some notorious plant mainly causing
allergy, such as-Ragweed pollen.
 When we know that these plants are harmful to our body, then we take
various preventive majors.
 If the allergic symptoms appears then we straight go clinic to diagnosis
to find out specific allergen.
 Various awareness program is held on institution to spread out the
knowledge about pollen allergy.