POLAND, RESETTLEMENTS AFTER 1945
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OWTFThe document discusses Poland's resettlements that took place after 1945 following World War 2 and the Yalta Conference. Key points include: - Poland lost territory to the Soviet Union and gained other lands from Germany, resulting in the large-scale resettlement of millions of Poles and Germans. - Compulsory resettlements of Poles from eastern territories formerly part of Poland took place from 1944-1946 after these lands were lost to the Soviet Union per the Yalta agreements. - For ordinary people, the resettlements meant losing all their property suddenly and being displaced to unknown areas with only what they could carry. Descendants of those displaced still live in the places they resettled
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Poland has a population of over 39 million people, most of whom are ethnic Poles. Other ethnic groups include Germans, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Roma, Lithuanians, and Jews. The official language is Polish, which belongs to the Slavic language family. Poland has a diverse landscape and borders several European countries. Culturally, Poland has been influenced by its turbulent history and shifting borders over the past thousand years. Today, Poland has a democratic government with an elected president and a bicameral legislative body.
Lecture1 wwii and_origins_of_communism_in_ee
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Polish Victims of the Holocaust (This one!)
Make sure to click "download" above the presentation to open a ppt. version of the presentation...or else you won't be able to read the text! =]
Second World War
The document summarizes key details about World War 2, including its combatant powers and timeline from 1939-1945, its global scale and extreme brutality, and its stages from the early victories of the Axis powers to the eventual victory of the Allies. It also provides details on the Holocaust, describing how Nazi Germany systematically murdered approximately 6 million Jews across German-occupied Europe between 1933-1945 through ghettos, concentration camps, and extermination camps like Auschwitz.
Holocaust
The Holocaust was the systematic murder of approximately 6 million Jews by the Nazi regime and its allies and collaborators. It began in 1933 when Hitler rose to power in Germany and lasted until 1945. Jews were killed through mass shootings, gassing in camps like Auschwitz, and starvation and disease in ghettos and camps. The Holocaust led to the deaths of approximately two-thirds of the Jewish population in Europe.
The Post-War World Part 1
The document summarizes the emergence of the Soviet empire in Eastern Europe after World War 2 and the beginning of tensions with the West. As Soviet forces occupied Eastern Europe, those nations became communist states within the Soviet sphere of influence. George Kennan's "Long Telegram" analysis influenced U.S. policy, viewing Soviet expansion as a threat. Early conflicts emerged in Iran and Turkey as the Soviets tried to gain influence and territory, strengthening U.S. opposition to Soviet expansionism and marking the start of the Cold War.
The Holocaust
The Holocaust was the systematic murder of approximately 6 million European Jews and millions of others by the Nazi regime and its collaborators between 1933-1945. Key events included the rise of Hitler and the Nazis to power in Germany in 1933, the establishment of concentration camps starting with Dachau in 1933, and the mass killings of Jews that began in 1941 with mobile killing units in Germany and Poland. By 1945, around two-thirds of the Jewish population in Europe had been murdered in ghettos and extermination camps like Auschwitz.
5. script
The document is a script for a podcast about Auschwitz concentration camp. It provides background information on when Auschwitz opened and was liberated. Statistics are presented on the large number of deaths at Auschwitz. The script then shares the story of Toby Biber, a survivor from Poland who was imprisoned at Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen before immigrating to Britain after the war. The podcast encourages remembering the Holocaust not just on the anniversary date but every day.
Polish Victims of the Holocaust
To Zoe, Aliza, Liat, Andrew, Morgan:
I created this presentation with custom animation, which does not work with this website. HOWEVER, if you look near the top, above the presentation box, there is a link to download the powerpoint. Please download it and view the slideshow on Microsoft Powerpoint -- then you can actually read the text!
Thanks, and sorry for the inconvenience.
-Justine
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During communist Yugoslavia, music glorified the state and its leaders, but Western rock music introduced new styles. In the late 1960s, a hippie movement emerged alongside student protests. As Yugoslavia began to collapse in the late 1980s, concerts featured patriotic songs and helped spur independence for Croatia. During the war in the 1990s, Croatian musicians wrote patriotic and anti-war songs to support the country's freedom movement.
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POLAND, RESETTLEMENTS AFTER 1945
- 1. Poland, resettlements after 1945
- 2. The Yalta Conference took place on 4-11 February 1945 and was a meeting of the three Allied leaders, President Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain, and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union. Some important arrangements were made then, which shaped the new borders of the Soviet Union, Poland and Germany in the post-war Europe. Poland lost a lot of its eastern territories for the Soviet Union, whereas Germany had to give away their western lands as well as a part of Eastern Prussia. In other words, Poland was to give away 173 000 square km, which made up 47% of their pre-war territory and gain 98 000 square km. This resulted in the resettlements of Poles and Germans on a huge scale – before the war over 7 million Germans had lived on the lands that later became a part of Poland and approximately 13 million Poles on the territories that used to belong to Poland, according to the data from 1939.
- 4. Compulsory resettlements of Poles from the eastern areas of the former 2nd Republic of Poland, which had existed before 2nd World War, took place mainly in the years 1944-46. The so called Polish Eastern borderlands had been lost to the Soviet Union as a result of the Yalta treatment (1945) and that is why the resettlement took place in the following years. For the ordinary people it was the end of everything. They lost all their property overnight and went on a journey to the unknown, having only a small bag of things they were able to take with themselves. Nowadays, we can meet the descendants of the displaced people in the places they settled down after the War.
- 5. The main waves of resettlements of Poles before and after the 2nd World War: 1935-1938 – the waves of resettlements during the liquidation of Polish autonomous regions in Wolyn and during the operation of Polish NKWD 1940-1941 - during the four big deportations of the Poles from the Eastern Borderlands carried out by the Soviet Union 1955-1959 - resettlements from the Soviet Union to the Polish People's Republic
- 7. Germany – over 13 milion people from different regions in Central Europe were forced to move away. The vast majority of them had to leave their homes by the end of World War II or just after it. The fear of the Red Army as well as orders made by the Nazis left about 7.5 million people with no other choice, than to flee from their homeland, which in most cases happened to be eastern and central Poland, eastern Prussia, western Pomerania, eastern Brandenburg and Silesia. Alone from Wroclaw 700.000 inhabitants had to leave. Displacement orders put by the USA, UK and Russia brought 3.2 million of Germans away from territories newly granted to Poland. Just after the war, the communist government of Poland took the Silesians through a verification process. As the result of that, those, who had German forefathers (about 300.000) were exiled. Still, those who were allowed to stay, were stimatized as germanized Slavs. From 1945 on people of ‚wrong‘ nationalities were taken in trains to labour camps. During the first post-war years, autochthonic Pomeranians (apart from slavian Kashubians) were displaced to Germany. Their homes were taken over by people from Ukraine. The same happened to Masurians.
- 9. International military action aimed at the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the resettlement operation organised to remove the selected groups of population (Ukrainians, Boykos, Lemkos), as well as Polish- Ukrainian mixed families from the south-eastern area of Poland on the Recovered Territories. It all took place two years after the end of World War II. It was carried out by the Polish military formations, units of the Ministry of Public Security and the civilian agencies (National Office for Repatriation).
- 11. Shows the dramatic fate of the native inhabitants of Masuria (former Prussia – part of Germany) who became second-class human beings for the new communist government, unworthy of participation in the construction of a new wonderful reality. Through the Polish Army officer's eyes we see the tragic battle for life and honor of the nation doomed by two nationalisms. It seems that in such tragic times, there is no place for love. Love, however, comes in and gives hope, but for how long..? It is not easy to live in post- war Poland. Repeated rapes, life full of terror, invigilation did not allow to live without fear. The brutal truth is shown. It is controversial but touching.
- 13. Sami Swoi (Our Folks) – a movie made in 1967. It was black-and-white, but in 2000 it was colorized. It is a story about two families that were resettled from Eastern Borderlands after the Second World War. It is a comedy. It lasts 78 minutes. Life shown in this movie is unrealistic. People are happy, and they do not have any problems. Despite the lack of realism, Polish people now think that it is one of the best Polish comedies ever made. Actors play realistically and with passion. The plot is really interesting. We recommend this movie to every fan of comedies.